Media Flashcards
What did Schleisinger & Turner say about the shift it crime focus?
- 1960: focus on murder and petty crimes
-1990: Drugs, football hooliganism and terrorism
Who talks about the social construction of the news?
Young & Cohen
How is the news socially constructed?
- Because it is the outcome of social processes where some are selected and some are rejected.
- This means the news is manufactured, not discovered.
Names 3 values that contribute to the news value of a story;
Risk, Immediacy, Higher Status
- Make a story more newsworthy
What is a moral panic?
An exaggerated over reaction by society to a perceived problem, usually driven by the media and the reaction of the public enlarges the problem further.
What are the three elements to a moral panic?
- The media identify a certain group as folk devils
- Perceives the group in a negative way
- Moral entrepreneurs condemn the group and its behaviour.
What do moral panics lead too?
- Further deviance; After the media identify a group, a crackdown on the group occurs, which creates a self fulfilling prophecy, and amplify the problem further and create for deviance - A deviancy amplification spiral
What is the case study of a moral panic by Cohen?
Mods and Rockers; the disorder between the mods and the rockers was minor, but the media overexaggerated the problem via;
- Exaggeration and Distortion; dramatic headlines
- Prediction; assume
-Symbolisation; clothes
Why do moral panics occur according to Cohen?
- They occur during periods of social change, when society feel as though their values are being undermined, which the folk devil is used as a symbol of
What is a boundary crisis?
- When there is uncertain boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.
What do Functionalists believe about moral panics?
- Moral panics are a response to anomie.
What do Neo-Marxists believe about moral panics?
- They are located within the context of capitalism, to use a group as a scapegoat to distract from capitalist exploitation.
How can we critise moral panics?
- Assumes the overreaction is disproportionate who is too decide what is an over and under reaction to a problem?
- Do we ever over react in a PM society as we are so accustomed to Horror Stories?
How does the media present a distorted view of crime?
- Over represents violent and sexual crimes
- Victims and Criminals portrayed as ‘older’ and ‘m/c’
- Exaggerate the success of the police
- Exaggerates the risk of victimisation
- Overplays extra ordinary crimes
What sociologist study’s the over-representation of violent and sexual crimes?
Dutton & Duffy; 46% of media coverage is dedicated to violent and sexual crimes, yet they make up 3% of crimes reported.
What sociologist defines the terms ‘Age Fallacy’ and ‘Dramatic Fallacy’
Felson
What did Ericson et al find?
- His study in Toronto showed us that 45-71% of press was dedicated to various forms of deviance.
What did Williams and Dickinson find?
- British news agencies devote 30% of the news space to crime.
How does the distortion of crime affect the fear of crime?
- Causes an unrealtic fear of crime and an increase in fear of victimisation.
Who found that people who watch 4hr+ a day of TV have an increased fear of being a victim?
Gerbner
Who contradicts this fear of crime?
Greer & Reiner; ignores the meanings viewers give to violence in the media, as people attach different meanings to different genres (cartoon, documentary)
Name three reasons for the media as a cause of crime?
Imitation, Transmission of Knowledge, Destination
Who argues the media has a limited effect on crime rates, arguing for some children TV is harmful, for some, beneficial?
Schramm
How does the media increase a sense of Relative Deprivation?
Promotion of consumerist goods increases RD felt by marginalized groups, by setting these goods as ‘the norm’
What do cultural criminologists Hayward and Young argue?
- The media has turned crime into a commodity that people desire and encourages people to consume crime : TV hrs in police custody.
Who argues crime is a ‘style’ to be consumed?
Hayward and Finnwick: Joyrides in car ads.
What does Mandel say about fictional representations?
1945-84: 10 billion thrillers sold worldwide,
20% of films are crime related
Who talks about the ‘Law of Opposites’, that fictional representations of crime are the opposite of official statistics?
Surette
Example- property crimes are under represented, sexual crimes over represented.
Who defines Cyber Crime?
Thomas
computed mediated activities that or illegal or deviant conducted through global electronic networks.
What 4 times of Cyber Crime does Wall identify?
- Cyber Deception & Theft
- Cyber Pornography
- Cyber Trespass
- Cyber Violence
What does Jeweks
- ICT permits routine survellence of these crimes.
