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Year 5 Immuno > MEDgems > Flashcards

MEDgems Flashcards

1
Q

where is IgA found?

A

mucosal surfaces

secretory IgA
mouth/gut

breast milk neutralisation is main function

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2
Q

HIV affects primarily?

A

CD4+ t helper cell
Macrophage

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3
Q

bullous pemphigoid
antibody?

A

anti-hemidesmosome

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4
Q

hemidesmosome

A

structure that anchor’s epidermis to dermis

= Blistering in bullous pemphigoid

BP180
BP230

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5
Q

Goodpastures is what type of hypersensitivity?

A

type 2

anti-glomerular basement membrane

specifically anti type 4 collagen antibody

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6
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity examples

A

pernicious anaemia - parietal cells

Graves- anti-TSH receptor

goodpastures- anti-gbm

pemphigus vulgaris - anti-cadherin

ITP - antiplatelet ; antiglycoprotein IIb

haemolytic disease of newborn
IgG against fetal erythrocyte

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7
Q

patient with severe crohn’s
started on biologic

infliximab - what does this target

what infection to rule out?

A

tuberculosisi- latent

infliximab is an tnf-alpha inhibitor

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8
Q

if your are complement protein c3 deficient what bacterial diseases are more common?

A

encapsulated NHS

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9
Q

catalase positive bacteria are susceptible more to people with what deficiency?

A

primary immune deficiency in oxidative killing
chronic granulomatosis disease

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10
Q

TRALI

A

transfusion related acute lung injury

leukocyte antibody = wbc to aggregate

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11
Q

TACO

A

transfusion associated circulatory overload

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12
Q

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis is what antibody?

A

perinuclear anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

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13
Q

what is cANCA

A

cytoplasmic anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

wegener’s

granulomatosis with polyangitis

proteinase 3

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14
Q

secukinumab

A

Il-17

treats psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis

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15
Q

metabolite of aza

A

6-mercatopurine

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16
Q

what enzyme metabolises aza?

A

TPMT

thiopurine methyltransferase

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17
Q

how do antibody titre work?

1:80?
1:2,400
1:2

A

it is the how diluted can sample get before the test becomes negative

clinically significant

quite a lot of antibody needs to be diluted so much

very very very low antibody titre / most sample is diluted

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18
Q

RSV life threatening - infant what drug given?

A

palivizumab

monoclonal antibody directed against RSV

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19
Q

_____ , a protein is needed for t cell proliferation.

medication which inhibit this is?

A

calcineurin

tacrolimus
cyclosporine

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20
Q

low IgM
low IgG
normal IgA

20 yr old man presents to investigate primary immune deficinecy

A

common variable immune deficiency

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21
Q

bruton’s aggamaglobulinaemia

A

rare
x linked
BTK gene is mutated

codes for tyrosine kinase affecting b cell function

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22
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

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23
Q

HIV medication
that prevents vertical transmission?

A

zidovudine - NRTI

24
Q

NRTI

A

zidovudine
abacavir

25
Q

NNRI

A

efavirenze

26
Q

women with SLE - +anti-RO

what problem could her foetus have

A

cardio
congenital heart block

27
Q

what is an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin

if you are deficient then you can get hepatitis and emphysema

28
Q

allograft

A

genetically distinct but same species

29
Q

xenograft

A

between species

30
Q

isograft

A

genetically identical
self / twin

31
Q

viral enzyme that causes high mutation rate of HIV and other RNA viruses?

A

reverse transcriptase

error prone

32
Q

what cytokine plays a role in RA, ankylosing spondylitis and IBD?

A

TNFa

acute phase protein that is very immunogenic > fevers

Upregulates the immune response against intracellular pathogens.

33
Q

what is the specific antigen in goodpastures?

A

type IV collegen

34
Q

what is the proper word for boen marrow transplant?

A

haematopoietic stem cell transplant

35
Q

She says she struggles to concentrate at work because she feels like there is sand stuck in her eye. She is also constantly tired despite more than 12 hours of sleep a day and she think she may be losing weight. On examination, her conjunctival mucosa appears erythematous and dry. She also reports a dry mouth and dry skin on her hands, for which she uses E45 lotion

what can this be?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

36
Q

what is the role of calcineurin?

what drugs inhibit/proliferate it?

s/e?

A

a protein, which is needed for T cell proliferation

tacrolimus, cyclosporin

37
Q

what is the consequence of mutated TPMT?

A

azathioprine
> metabolised into cytotoxic 6 mercaptopurine instead of inert 6-mercaptopurine

38
Q

what is not commonly affected in RA - which joint in hand?

A

Distal Interphalangeal joint

39
Q

IgM can bind to how many viral capsid?

A

10
pentameric

40
Q

if you do not have chronic granulomatous disease what is the colour change in nitro blue tetrazolium test?

A

Blue

41
Q

HLA - graves?

A

HLA-DR3

42
Q

Hyper IgM what protein is mutated?

A

CD40 - class switching

43
Q

how can we test the complement system?

A

CH50, CH100

tests ability of serum to lyse sheep erythrocyte

44
Q

monoclonal antibody to treat osteoporosis?

A

Denosumab

45
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is rheumatic fever?

A

type 2
may occur post streptoccola

Jones’ criteria
polyartheritis
cariditis
subcut nodules
rash

fever
esr/crp

46
Q

acute phase proteins?

A

CRP

IL1
ferritin
Il6

47
Q

gold standard of HIV testing

A

Western Blot

48
Q

what enzyme is responsible for the respiratory burst which kills phagocytosed pathogens

A

NADPH oxidase

49
Q

gene in bruton’s agammaglobulinaemia which gene?

A

BTK gene
> codes for tyrosine kinase which is required for B cell development

50
Q

what t helper cell subtype is implicated in allergic diseases such as asthma / eczema

A

T helper 2 cells

51
Q

what is chronic urticaria?

A

urticaria present for at least 6 weeks

52
Q

She is anti-TTG and anti-endomysial antibody positive. A full STI screen is negative. FBC is unremarkable. Albumin and levels of IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM are very low.

What condition has her uncontrolled coeliac disease caused that has led to her functional immunosuppression?

A

protein losing enteropathy

diagnosed by faecal alpha-1 antitrypsin levels

53
Q

type fo HAART

A

NRTI
NNRTI
protease inhibitor
integrase inhibitor

54
Q

anti-Jo1 antibody?

A

dermatomyositis

55
Q

what is group and save?

A

blood test identifying blood type and Rh antigen status

valid for 3 months

56
Q

cross match is ?

A

direct mixing of donor blood products and recipient serum

57
Q
A

Year 5 Immuno (8 decks)

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