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Year 5 Immuno > MEDgems > Flashcards

MEDgems Flashcards

1
Q

where is IgA found?

A

mucosal surfaces

secretory IgA
mouth/gut

breast milk neutralisation is main function

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2
Q

HIV affects primarily?

A

CD4+ t helper cell
Macrophage

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3
Q

bullous pemphigoid
antibody?

A

anti-hemidesmosome

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4
Q

hemidesmosome

A

structure that anchor’s epidermis to dermis

= Blistering in bullous pemphigoid

BP180
BP230

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5
Q

Goodpastures is what type of hypersensitivity?

A

type 2

anti-glomerular basement membrane

specifically anti type 4 collagen antibody

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6
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity examples

A

pernicious anaemia - parietal cells

Graves- anti-TSH receptor

goodpastures- anti-gbm

pemphigus vulgaris - anti-cadherin

ITP - antiplatelet ; antiglycoprotein IIb

haemolytic disease of newborn
IgG against fetal erythrocyte

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7
Q

patient with severe crohn’s
started on biologic

infliximab - what does this target

what infection to rule out?

A

tuberculosisi- latent

infliximab is an tnf-alpha inhibitor

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8
Q

if your are complement protein c3 deficient what bacterial diseases are more common?

A

encapsulated NHS

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9
Q

catalase positive bacteria are susceptible more to people with what deficiency?

A

primary immune deficiency in oxidative killing
chronic granulomatosis disease

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10
Q

TRALI

A

transfusion related acute lung injury

leukocyte antibody = wbc to aggregate

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11
Q

TACO

A

transfusion associated circulatory overload

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12
Q

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis is what antibody?

A

perinuclear anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

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13
Q

what is cANCA

A

cytoplasmic anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

wegener’s

granulomatosis with polyangitis

proteinase 3

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14
Q

secukinumab

A

Il-17

treats psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis

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15
Q

metabolite of aza

A

6-mercatopurine

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16
Q

what enzyme metabolises aza?

A

TPMT

thiopurine methyltransferase

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17
Q

how do antibody titre work?

1:80?
1:2,400
1:2

A

it is the how diluted can sample get before the test becomes negative

clinically significant

quite a lot of antibody needs to be diluted so much

very very very low antibody titre / most sample is diluted

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18
Q

RSV life threatening - infant what drug given?

A

palivizumab

monoclonal antibody directed against RSV

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19
Q

_____ , a protein is needed for t cell proliferation.

medication which inhibit this is?

A

calcineurin

tacrolimus
cyclosporine

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20
Q

low IgM
low IgG
normal IgA

20 yr old man presents to investigate primary immune deficinecy

A

common variable immune deficiency

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21
Q

bruton’s aggamaglobulinaemia

A

rare
x linked
BTK gene is mutated

codes for tyrosine kinase affecting b cell function

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22
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

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23
Q

HIV medication
that prevents vertical transmission?

A

zidovudine - NRTI

24
Q

NRTI

A

zidovudine
abacavir

25
NNRI
efavirenze
26
women with SLE - +anti-RO what problem could her foetus have
cardio congenital heart block
27
what is an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase
alpha 1 antitrypsin if you are deficient then you can get hepatitis and emphysema
28
allograft
genetically distinct but same species
29
xenograft
between species
30
isograft
genetically identical self / twin
31
viral enzyme that causes high mutation rate of HIV and other RNA viruses?
reverse transcriptase error prone
32
what cytokine plays a role in RA, ankylosing spondylitis and IBD?
TNFa acute phase protein that is very immunogenic > fevers Upregulates the immune response against intracellular pathogens.
33
what is the specific antigen in goodpastures?
type IV collegen
34
what is the proper word for boen marrow transplant?
haematopoietic stem cell transplant
35
She says she struggles to concentrate at work because she feels like there is sand stuck in her eye. She is also constantly tired despite more than 12 hours of sleep a day and she think she may be losing weight. On examination, her conjunctival mucosa appears erythematous and dry. She also reports a dry mouth and dry skin on her hands, for which she uses E45 lotion what can this be?
Sjogren's syndrome
36
what is the role of calcineurin? what drugs inhibit/proliferate it? s/e?
a protein, which is needed for T cell proliferation tacrolimus, cyclosporin
37
what is the consequence of mutated TPMT?
azathioprine > metabolised into cytotoxic 6 mercaptopurine instead of inert 6-mercaptopurine
38
what is not commonly affected in RA - which joint in hand?
Distal Interphalangeal joint
39
IgM can bind to how many viral capsid?
10 pentameric
40
if you do not have chronic granulomatous disease what is the colour change in nitro blue tetrazolium test?
Blue
41
HLA - graves?
HLA-DR3
42
Hyper IgM what protein is mutated?
CD40 - class switching
43
how can we test the complement system?
CH50, CH100 tests ability of serum to lyse sheep erythrocyte
44
monoclonal antibody to treat osteoporosis?
Denosumab
45
what type of hypersensitivity is rheumatic fever?
type 2 may occur post streptoccola Jones' criteria polyartheritis cariditis subcut nodules rash fever esr/crp
46
acute phase proteins?
CRP IL1 ferritin Il6
47
gold standard of HIV testing
Western Blot
48
what enzyme is responsible for the respiratory burst which kills phagocytosed pathogens
NADPH oxidase
49
gene in bruton's agammaglobulinaemia which gene?
BTK gene > codes for tyrosine kinase which is required for B cell development
50
what t helper cell subtype is implicated in allergic diseases such as asthma / eczema
T helper 2 cells
51
what is chronic urticaria?
urticaria present for at least 6 weeks
52
She is anti-TTG and anti-endomysial antibody positive. A full STI screen is negative. FBC is unremarkable. Albumin and levels of IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM are very low. What condition has her uncontrolled coeliac disease caused that has led to her functional immunosuppression?
protein losing enteropathy diagnosed by faecal alpha-1 antitrypsin levels
53
type fo HAART
NRTI NNRTI protease inhibitor integrase inhibitor
54
anti-Jo1 antibody?
dermatomyositis
55
what is group and save?
blood test identifying blood type and Rh antigen status valid for 3 months
56
cross match is ?
direct mixing of donor blood products and recipient serum
57

Year 5 Immuno (8 decks)

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