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AS Geography (physical) > MEDC Case Study: York > Flashcards

MEDC Case Study: York Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the U.K. Population live in flood prone areas?

A

5%

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2
Q

When can a flooding hazard occur?

A

When there are people present

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3
Q

When is vulnerability to flooding at its greatest?

A

Where there is both a high risk and inability of people to cope

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4
Q

What is the total assets at risk from flooding in the U.K.?

A

£238 million

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5
Q

What are the physical factors which increase flood risk?

A
  1. Climatic- storms, climate change, prolonged rainfall
  2. Geological- rock type etc
  3. Morphological- shape of the drainage basin etc
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6
Q

What are the human factors which can increase the risk of flooding?

A
  1. Sewers
  2. Culverts
  3. Bridges
  4. Impermeable surfaces
  5. Agricultural practices
  6. Deforestation
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7
Q

Has the chance of several days’ downpour increased since the 1960s?

A

Yes, it has doubled

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8
Q

How much more likely is it that there will be 5 or more days rain in a row in winter than in 1960?

A

50-60%

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9
Q

How has summer rain intensity changed since 1960?

A

It has remained about the same, though average rainfall is decreasing

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10
Q

What is leading to more evaporation and increased rainfall?

A

Higher temperatures and changes in the circulation of the North Atlantic

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11
Q

What century are U.K. Sewers from?

A

They’re 19th century sewers dealing with 21st century levels of waste

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12
Q

What does mainland Europe do which can protect its plugs from flood waters?

A

They have their plugs around waist height

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13
Q

What examples of public utility buildings have been built on floodplains which are at risk of flooding?

A

Electricity substations, water processing plants and sewage farms

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14
Q

In Sheffield what were intended to be hazard evacuation centres but were in the course of a potential flood?

A

Leisure centres

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15
Q

In Hull schools were meant to be evacuation centres yet in 2007 how many were flooded?

A

91 of the 98 schools

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16
Q

In 2000 when did the river Uck in East Sussex burst its banks?

A

9th October

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17
Q

When did the 2000 uk floods continue until?

A

Late November

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18
Q

Which river caused major problems in York?

A

The Ouse

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19
Q

How large is the catchment area of the Ouse?

A

3000 km^2

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20
Q

Which rivers feed the Ouse?

A

The Swale, Nidd and Ure

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21
Q

The bale of York is very steep, what does this lead to?

A

Fast run off

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22
Q

What type of rock in the vale of York allows water through its structure very quickly?

A

Permian limestone

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23
Q

What are the natural impermeable surfaces in the vale of York?

A

Clays

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24
Q

Why does the vegetation in the vale of York cause a flood hazard?

A

In the upper course there is heathers which offer low interception rates

In the lower corse much of the land is farmed meaning that there is little interception

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25
Q

In the upper course of the river Ouse what substance acts like a sponge and is full in the autumn meaning water trickles into distributaries?

A

Peat

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26
Q

How much rainfall does the vale of York get and how much is lost through evaporation?

A

Precipitation 640mm

Evaporation 540mm

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27
Q

Where does the water that floods the vale of York come from?

A

The dales area which receives heavy rain which means water enters into the Swale, Ure and Nidd

28
Q

What are the common physical causes of flooding in the vale of York?

A
  1. Catchment area
  2. Relief
  3. Geology and geomorphology
  4. Vegetation
  5. Soils
  6. Climate
29
Q

What are the human causes of flooding in the vale of York?

A
  1. Farming- pastoral (upper course) and arable (lower course)
  2. Urban developments- widening of the A1, new housing, industrial areas, industrial areas
30
Q

York has a variety of flood management strategies, name them (6)

A
  1. Clifton Ings
  2. Leeman Road
  3. Almery Terrace
  4. General Accident Offices
  5. Foss Barrier
  6. Lower Ebor Street
31
Q

What is the Clifton Ings flood management strategy (York)?

A
  • Natural flood plain that can store 2.3 million m^3 of water
  • Lowers peak flood level in the city by 150mm
  • Constructed in 1982 at a cost of £1.25 million
  • Flood banks raised and new embankments
  • Sluice controlled for letting water in and out
  • Designed for medium floods of up to 14 feet
32
Q

Describe the Leeman Road flood defences (York)

A
  • Embankments built from residue from the sugar beet factory

- They’re quite far away from the river’s edge, increasing the channel capacity

33
Q

Describe the Almery Terrace flood defences (York)

A
  • concrete flood walls with rubber sealed gates

- walls directly in front of houses offering a little protection

34
Q

Describe the flood defence strategies at the General Accident Offices (York)

A
  • bottom floor set aside for car parking

- prevents valuables from being lost in flooding

35
Q

Describe the flood defence strategies at the Foss Barrier (York)

A

The Foss Barrier stops the river Ouse’s water backing up the river Foss causing damage to some of York’s most historical buildings. A rapid increase in the volume of water would cause the Foss to go back on itself and it to overtop its banks and flood

36
Q

Describe the flood defence strategies at Lower Ebor street York

A

The area was flooded badly in 1978 and work had already begun to protect it when it flooded again in 1982. There is now a combination of concrete flood walls and steel trench sheeting. Valves have been installed to isolate the sewage system. incorporating a small pub to evacuate sewage when river levels are too high

37
Q

In November 2001 the York floods the worst on record?

A

Yes since records began in the 17th century

38
Q

How much higher than normal levels was the York 2000 floodwater?

A

It was 6 m higher than normal and came within 5 cm of breaching Yorks flood defences

39
Q

What is the estimated return period on the York 2000 floods?

A

Around one in 80 or 90 years.

40
Q

What date and time did The York 2000 floods reach their peak Height?

A

They reached a peak of 5.3 m above normal at 3:30 AM on 4 November 2000.

41
Q

Was the autumn of 2000 the wettest on record in the UK?

A

Yes it’s called rivers across England and Wales to rise to record levels and burst their banks causing widespread flooding

42
Q

What was the 2000 floods in the UK caused by?

A

A series of deep depression from the Atlantic caused by either global warming or extreme weather.

43
Q

By how much will the U.K.’s average temperature rise in the next eighty years and what will this mean?

A

Do UK is average temperature will rise between one and 3°C meaning dryer summers and warm and wetter winters

44
Q

How many homes were flooded in the York 2000 floods and name one area which was badly affected?

A

300 homes were flooded one of the affected area was Rawcliffe and residents were forced to leave their homes

45
Q

Name two businesses near the river Ouse which flooded in the York 2000 floods and what were the affects of this?

A

The Kings head pub and the city screen cinema this cause the loss of revenue and costs in terms of tackling the damage caused

46
Q

What were flooded which cause difficulties for shoppers and businesses in the city centre (York 2000)?

A

Carparks

47
Q

The site of which landmark then being constructed was flooded in York 2000?

A

The millennium footbridge

48
Q

What park in York was closed for months due to flooding?

A

Rowntrees park

49
Q

How many roads were closed in the York 2000 flood?

A

25

50
Q

How much did the York City council spend in the autumn of 2000 dealing with flooding?

A

£1.3 million

51
Q

What was the single biggest expense in preparing for the York 2000 flooding?

A

Protecting properties with sandbags

52
Q

How much of the flood of preparation costs were the York City council able to obtain from the government?

A

They were able to octane half of them but the city still had to find £772,000 from its own resources

53
Q

Maintenance work to what public transport had to be postponed because of the York 2000 flood?

A

The rail network

54
Q

What was happening 12 months after York 2000 floods?

A

People were still nervous they also faced higher insurance premiums

55
Q

What did the Royal institution of chartered surveyors warn after the York 2000 floods?

A

That the floods could have a severe impact on house prices

56
Q

What new rules will put in place with regards to home selling after the York 2000 floods?

A

Homebuyers had to be informed about the flood risk which made it more difficult for people in high-risk areas to sell their houses

57
Q

What services helped to distribute some bugs in the York 2000 floods?

A

Emergency workers

58
Q

What did the police fire ambulance and army do in the York 2000 floods?

A

They rescued stranded families from the homes by gangplank or boat

59
Q

How many people will move from the homes and what was opened up in the city centre for flood victims?

A

To rest centres were opened up in the city centre and 40 people move from their homes

60
Q

Who flew in to meet flood victims after the York 2000 floods?

A

Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott he said he had “great sympathy” for the flood victims

61
Q

How much of the repairs that the government promised to pay for your 2000 floods?

A

100% rather than just 85%

62
Q

How much was promised to improving the defences over the four years after the York 2000 floods?

A

£51 million

63
Q

What was first held in York in 2002 which aim to give advice about defending properties from flooding?

A

National Flood Forum

64
Q

What was organised by the environment agency to the householder see measures put in place by officials?

A

A flood fair

65
Q

Who was criticised by the York flood security panel?

A

The police, the city of York Council and the environment agency

66
Q

Did environmentalist suggest that Britain needs to protect from future flooding?

A

Thousands more trees

AS Geography (physical) (19 decks)

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