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HOE Final > Med Term, The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Med Term, The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

Aortic valve

A

Valve between the aorta and the left ventricle.

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1
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exists the heart.

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2
Q

Arteriole

A

A tiny artery connecting to a capillary.

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3
Q

Artery

A

A thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemtic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

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4
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

Bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system; also called bundle of His.

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5
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His.

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6
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

One of two valves that control blood flow between the atria and ventricles.

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7
Q

Atrium

A

Either of the two upper chambers of the heart.

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8
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart.

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9
Q

Blood

A

Essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and removes waste from the body’s cells.

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10
Q

Blood pressure

A

Measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries.

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11
Q

Blood vessel

A

Any of the tubular passageways in the cardiovascular system through which blood travels.

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12
Q

Bundle of His

A

Bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system.

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13
Q

Capillary

A

The smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels.

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14
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Waste material transport in the venous blood.

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15
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart as it circulates blood within itself and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs.

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16
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Relating to or affecting the heart and blood vessels.

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17
Q

Carotid artery

A

Artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck.

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18
Q

Conduction system

A

Part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends electrical charges through heart fibers, causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals.

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19
Q

Coronary artery

A

Blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

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20
Q

Depolarization

A

Contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart’s conduction system.

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21
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of a heartbeat.

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22
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus’s nonfunctioning lungs.

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23
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetal liver.

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24
Q

Endocardium

A

Membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer tissue of heart tissue.

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25
Q

Endothelium

A

Lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood.

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26
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of heart tissue.

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27
Q

Femoral artery

A

An artery that supplies blood to the thigh.

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28
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Opening in the septum of the fetal heart that closes at birth.

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29
Q

Heart

A

Muscular organ that receives blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.

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30
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.

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31
Q

Left atrium

A

Upper left chamber.

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32
Q

Left ventricle

A

Lower left heart chamber.

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33
Q

Lumen

A

Channel inside an artery through which blood flows.

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34
Q

Mitral valve

A

Atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart.

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35
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium.

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36
Q

Pacemaker

A

Term for the sinoatrial (SA) node; also, an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm.

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37
Q

Pericardium

A

Protective covering of the heart.

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38
Q

Polarization

A

Resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart.

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39
Q

Popliteal artery

A

An artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee.

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40
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

One of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs.

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41
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries.

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42
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

One of four veins that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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43
Q

Pulse

A

Rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually an artery.

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44
Q

Repolarization

A

Recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart.

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45
Q

Right atrium

A

Upper right chamber of the heart.

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46
Q

Right ventricle

A

Lower right chamber of the heart.

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47
Q

Saphenous vein

A

Any group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs.

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48
Q

Semilunar valve

A

One of two valves that prevent the back flow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

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49
Q

Septum

A

Partition between the left and right chambers of the heart.

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50
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Region od the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract.

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51
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal heart rhythm.

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52
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart.

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53
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of the heartbeat.

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54
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart.

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55
Q

Valve

A

Any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward.

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56
Q

Vein

A

Any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein.

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57
Q

Vena cava

A

A large vein that transports blood to the heart.

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58
Q

Ventricle

A

Either of the two lower chambers of the heart.

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59
Q

Venule

A

A tiny vein connecting to a capillary.

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60
Q

Angi(o)

A

Blood vessel

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61
Q

Aort(o)

A

Aorta

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62
Q

Arteri(o), arter(o)

A

Artery

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63
Q

Ather(o)

A

Fatty matter

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64
Q

Atri(o)

A

Atrium

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65
Q

Cardi(o)

A

Heart

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66
Q

Hemangi(o)

A

Blood vessel

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67
Q

Pericardi(o)

A

Pericardium

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68
Q

Phleb(o)

A

Vein

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69
Q

Sphygm(o)

A

Pulse

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70
Q

Thromb(o)

A

Blood clot

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71
Q

Vas(o)

A

Blood vessel

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72
Q

AcG

A

Accelerator globulin

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73
Q

AF

A

Atrial fibrillation

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74
Q

AMI

A

Acute myocardial infarction

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75
Q

AS

A

Aortic stenosis

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76
Q

ASCVD

A

Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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77
Q

ASD

A

Atrial septal defect

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78
Q

ASHD

A

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

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79
Q

AV

A

Atrioventricular

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80
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure (bpm) beats per minute

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81
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

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82
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

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83
Q

cath

A

Catheter

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84
Q

CCU

A

Coronary care unit

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85
Q

CHD

A

Coronary heart disease

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86
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure

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87
Q

CO

A

Cardiac output

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88
Q

CPK

A

Creatine phosphokinase

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89
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary reconstruction

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90
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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91
Q

CVD

A

Cardiovascular disease

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92
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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93
Q

DSA

A

Digital subtraction angiography

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94
Q

DVT

A

Deep venous thrombosis

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95
Q

ECG, EKG

A

Electrocardiogram

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96
Q

ECHO

A

Echocardiogram

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97
Q

ETT

A

Exercise tolerance test

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98
Q

GOT

A

Glut amid oxaloacetic transaminase

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99
Q

HDL

A

High-density lipoprotein

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100
Q

HR

A

Heart rate

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101
Q

LDH

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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102
Q

LDL

A

Low-density lipoprotein

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103
Q

LV

A

Left ventricle

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104
Q

LVH

A

Left ventricle hypertrophy

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105
Q

MI

A

Mitral insufficiency; myocardial infraction

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106
Q

MR

A

Mitral regurgitation

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107
Q

MS

A

Mitral stenosis

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108
Q

MUGA

A

Multiple-gated acquisition

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109
Q

MVP

A

Mitral valve prolapse

110
Q

PAC

A

Premature atrial contraction

111
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

112
Q

PVC

A

Premature ventricular contraction

113
Q

SA

A

Sinoatrial

114
Q

SV

A

Stroke volume

115
Q

TC

A

Total cholesterol

116
Q

tPA, TPA

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

117
Q

VLDL

A

Very low-density lipoprotein

118
Q

VSD

A

Ventricular septal defect

119
Q

VT

A

Ventricular tachycardia

120
Q

Angiocardiography

A

Viewing of the heart and it’s major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.

121
Q

Angiography

A

Viewing of the heart’s major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.

122
Q

Aortography

A

Viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.

123
Q

Arteriography

A

Viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.

124
Q

Auscultation

A

Process of listening to body sounds via a stethoscope.

125
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Process of passing a thin catheter through an artery or vein to the heart to take blood samples, inject a contrast medium, or measure various pressures.

126
Q

Cardiac enzyme test/studies

A

Blood tests for determining levels of enzymes during a myocardial infarction; serum enzyme tests.

127
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Viewing the heart by magnetic resonance imaging.

128
Q

Cardiac scan

A

Process of viewing he heart muscle at work by scanning the heart of a patient into whom a radioactive substance has been injected.

129
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream, sometimes causing arterial plaque to form.

130
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

Use of two angiograms done with different dyes to provide a comparison between the results.

131
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels.

132
Q

Echocardiography

A

Use of sound waves to produce images showing the structure and motion of the heart.

133
Q

Ejection fraction

A

Percentage of the volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction.

134
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis.

135
Q

Holter monitor

A

Portable device that provides a 24-hour electrocardiogram.

136
Q

Lipid profile

A

Laboratory test that provides the levels if lipids, triglycerides, and other substances in the blood.

137
Q

Multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) angiography

A

Radioactive scan showing heart function.

138
Q

Phlebography

A

Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.

139
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Type of nuclear image that measures movement of areas of the heart.

140
Q

Serum enzyme tests

A

Laboratory tests performed to detect enzymes present during or after a myocardial infraction; cardiac enzyme studies.

141
Q

Sonography

A

Production of images based on the echoes of sound waves against structures.

142
Q

Sphygmomanometers

A

Device for measuring blood pressure.

143
Q

Stress test

A

Test that measures heart rate, blood pressure and other body functions while he patient is exercising on a treadmill.

144
Q

Triglyceride

A

Fatty substance; lipid.

145
Q

Venograophy

A

Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.

146
Q

Vengriculogram

A

X-rat of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium.

147
Q

Aneurysm

A

Ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall.

148
Q

Angina

A

Angina pectoris

149
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen of blood supply to the heart.

150
Q

Aortic regurgitation/reflux

A

Backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve.

151
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing of the aorta.

152
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat.

153
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries.

154
Q

Arteritis

A

Inflammation of an artery or arteries.

155
Q

Asystole

A

Cardiac arrest.

156
Q

Atheroma

A

A fatty deposit (plaque) in the wall if an artery.

157
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheromas.

158
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

An irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of the AV node.

159
Q

Atrioventricular block

A

Heart block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.

160
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Bacterial inflammation if the inner lining of the heart.

161
Q

Bradycardia

A

Heart rate of fewer that 60 beats per minute.

162
Q

Bruit

A

Sound murmur, especially an abnormal heart sound heard in auscultation, especially of the carotid artery.

163
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole.

164
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.

165
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle.

166
Q

Claudication

A

Limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activity; usually subsides during rest.

167
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Abnormal narrowing of the aorta.

168
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Inability if the heart to pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs result.

169
Q

Constriction

A

Compression or narrowing caused by contraction, as of a vessel.

170
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart.

171
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

172
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Formation of a thrombus (clot) in a deep vein, such as a femoral vein.

173
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rhythm.

174
Q

Embolus

A

Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel.

175
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, especially an inflammation caused by a bacterial (for example, staphylococci) or fungal agent.

176
Q

Essential hypertension

A

High blood pressure without any known cause.

177
Q

Fibrillation

A

Random, chaotic, irregular heart rhythm.

178
Q

Flutter

A

Regular but very rapid heartbeat.

179
Q

Gallop

A

Triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease.

180
Q

Heart block

A

Heart block; partial or complete blockage if the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.

181
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose condition of veins in the anal region.

182
Q

High blood pressure

A

Chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90.

183
Q

Hypertension

A

Chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90.

184
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A

Heart disease is caused, or worsed, by high blood pressure.

185
Q

Hypotension

A

Chronic condition with blood pressure below normal.

186
Q

Infarct

A

Area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood.

187
Q

Infarction

A

Sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolus or thrombus.

188
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Attacks of limping, particularly in the legs, due to ischemia of the muscles.

189
Q

Intracardiac tumor

A

A tumor within one of the heart chambers.

190
Q

Ischemia

A

Localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction.

191
Q

Low blood pressure

A

Chronic condition with blood pressure below normal.

192
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve.

193
Q

Mitral insufficiency or reflux

A

Backward blood flow due to a damaged mitral valve.

194
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Backward flow of blood into the left atrium die to protrusion of one or both mitral cusps into the left atrium during contractions.

195
Q

Murmur

A

Soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats.

196
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Sudden drop in the supply of blood to an are of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery.

197
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium.

198
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of tissue or an organ or part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation.

199
Q

Occlusion

A

The closing of blood vessels.

200
Q

Palpitations

A

Uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest.

201
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

A condition at birth in which the ductus arteriosus, a small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, remains abnormally open.

202
Q

Perfusion deficit

A

Lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion.

203
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium.

204
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to blockages in the arteries of the groin or legs.

205
Q

Petechiae

A

Minute hemorrhages in the skin.

206
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the vein.

207
Q

Plaque

A

Buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery.

208
Q

Premature atrial contractions (PACs)

A

Atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations.

209
Q

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

A

Ventricular contractions that occurs before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations.

210
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate.

211
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

212
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon.

A

Spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain.

213
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart valve and/or muscle damage caused by an untreated streptococcal infection.

214
Q

Risk factor

A

Any various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; for example, high blood pressure and smoking are considered rick factors for heart disease.

215
Q

Rub

A

Frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indicating a pericardial murmur.

216
Q

Secondary hypertension

A

Hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease.

217
Q

Septal defect

A

Congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles.

218
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or of the cardiac valves.

219
Q

Tachycardia

A

Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.

220
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation; ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

221
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with a thrombus.

222
Q

Thrombosis

A

Presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel.

223
Q

Thrombotic occlusion

A

Narrowing caused by a thrombus.

224
Q

Thrombus

A

Stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood.

225
Q

Tricuspid stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve.

226
Q

Valvulitis

A

Inflammation of the heart valve.

227
Q

Varicose vein

A

Dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg.

228
Q

Vegetation

A

Clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection.

229
Q

Ansstomosis

A

Surgical connection to two blood vessels to allow blood flow between them.

230
Q

Angioplasty

A

Opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dialation.

231
Q

Angioscopy

A

Viewing of the interior of a blood vessel using a fiberoptic catheter inserted or threaded into the vessel.

232
Q

Arteriotomy

A

Surgical incision into an artery, especially to remove a clot.

233
Q

Atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of the Atheroma.

234
Q

Balloon catheter dilation

A

Insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open a passageway so blood can flow freely.

235
Q

Balloon valvuloplasty

A

Procedure that used a balloon catheter to open narrowed orifices in cardiac valves.

236
Q

Bypass

A

A structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages.

237
Q

Cardiopulmonary bypass

A

Procedure used during surgery to divert blood flow to and from the heart through a heart-lung machine and back into circulation.

238
Q

Coronary angioplasty

A

Opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dialation.

239
Q

Coronary bypass surgery

A

A structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages.

240
Q

Embolectomy

A

Surgical removal of an embolus.

241
Q

Endovascular surgery

A

Any of various procedures performed during cardiac catheterization, such as angioscopy and atherectomy.

242
Q

Fontan’s operation

A

Surgical procedure that creates a bypass from the right atrium to the main pulmonary artery; Fontan’s procedure.

243
Q

Graft

A

Any tissue or organ implanted to replace or mend damaged areas.

244
Q

Heart transplant

A

Implantation of the heart of a person who has just died into a person whose diseased heart cannot sustain life.

245
Q

Hemorrhoidectomy

A

Surgical removal of Hemorrhoids.

246
Q

Intravascular stent

A

Stent placed within a blood vessel to allow blood to flow freely.

247
Q

Percutaneous trainsluminal coronary angioplasty

A

Insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open the passage so blood can flow freely.

248
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Drawing blood from a vein via small incision.

249
Q

Stent

A

Surgically implanted device used to hold something (as a blood vessel) open.

250
Q

Thrombectomy

A

Surgical removal of a thrombus.

251
Q

Valve replacement

A

Surgical replacement of a coronary valve.

252
Q

Valvotomy

A

Incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction.

253
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve.

254
Q

Venipuncture

A

Small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution.

255
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

A

Medication used for heart failure and other cardiovascular problems; acts by dilating arteries to lower blood pressure and makes heart pump easier.

256
Q

Antianginal

A

Agent used to relieve or prevent attacks of angina.

257
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Agent used to help normalize cardiac rhythm.

258
Q

Anticlotting

A

Agent that prevents the formation of dangerous clots.

259
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Agent that prevents the formation of dangerous clots.

260
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Agent that helps control high blood pressure.

261
Q

Beta blocker

A

Agent that lowers blood pressure by reducing contraction strength of the heart muscle; slows heartbeat.

262
Q

Calcium channel blocker

A

Medication that lessens the ability of calcium ions to enter heart and blood vessel muscle cells; used to lower blood pressure and normalize some arrhythmias.

263
Q

Cardiotonic

A

Medication for congestive heart failure; increases the force of contractions of the myocardium.

264
Q

Diuretic

A

Medication that promotes the excretion of urine.

265
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant present in the body; also, synthetic version administrated to prevent clotting.

266
Q

Lipid-lowering

A

Helpful in lowering cholesterol levels.

267
Q

Nitrate

A

Any of several medications that dilate the veins, arteries, or coronary arteries; used to control angina.

268
Q

Statins

A

A class of lipid-lowering agents that are the most frequently used today.

269
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Agent that dissolves a thrombus.

270
Q

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, TPA)

A

Agent that prevents a thrombus from forming.

271
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Agent that narrows the blood vessels.

272
Q

Vasodilator

A

Agent that dilates or widens the blood vessels.

HOE Final (12 decks)

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