Med Term Review Pt. 3 Flashcards
Alzheimer’s
AD, atrophy of the brain; dementia is a precursor; 1 in 9 elderly have this; there are meds that stop progression but do not cure it; idiopathic and no way to predict
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis aka Lou Gehrig’s; atrophy of motor neurons (PNS), cognitively fine but brains message to move isn’t working; no tx
TIA/CVA
transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident; stroke; no accessory blood supply in brain and coronary arteries; ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; hemorrhagic is more common; slurred speech and muscle weakness; tissue dies forever;
what is an ischemic stroke?
blockage of an artery
what is an hemorrhagic stroke?
rupture of an artery
MS
multiple sclerosis; selma blair; 1 million people and climbing; myelin is being destroyed, results in damaged communication btwn brain and body;
Guillain-Barre
autoimmune; post bacterial or viral infection; body attacks neurons; pain, temporary paralysis in body and in vocal cords, speech problems; active and in remission whenever it wants; up to 18 months
CP
cerebral palsy; congenital abnormal brain development; forceps during birth is a suspected cause; birthing trauma; moms lifestyle choices like if she’s an addict; permanent damage to child’s brain
Parkinsons
CNS problem with neurotransmitter dopamine (low dopamine levels); idiopathic tremors; no cure, more ratchety/random tremors
Seizure
not all are d/t epilepsy; nutritional, high fever; brain way of expressing pain; petite and grand mal
grand mal seizure
usually brain damage; not as common; earth quake seizure
petite mal seizure
zone out; usually no brain damage
diabetic retinopathy
capillary damage resulting in loss of vision from mismanaged blood sugar levels over time; sludgy blood; a way ppl are dx is through this, dr. examines the retina; takes many years; vision never returns
glaucoma
typically in older people; risk is to damage the retina; drops for tx; intraocular pressure that is put on the optic nerve, can go blind if left untreated; tonometry to dx; mostly opthamologists do tx but a small number of optometrists can
macular degeneration
idiopathic; age related; atrophy of the macula; no cure; happens where rods and cones are most concentrated in the macula
retinal detachment
spontaneous retina detaches from blood supply in eye; ER; can result in blindness if not tx ASAP; painful; requires stitches
myopia
nearsightedness; light refraction problem with the way the light hits the cornea, more common that hyperopia
hyperopia
farsightedness
Meniere’s/ vertigo
dizziness; inner ear problem where fluid can’t drain; apparatus has too much fluid, it gets swollen, causes backup and nerves get activated “saying your moving”; tx is diuretics and sedatives; no cure
conductive hearing loss
overuse / old age; tx is hearing aids; sclerosis of ossicles, they vibrate constantly so scleroric and arthritic trauma
neural deafness
usually congenital; tx is cochlear implant that is imbedded in cranium
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy; can’t see on MRI, only after death; abnormal protein deposits that cause neurons not to fire correctly and strangles them; developing brain is very susceptible; mimik AD
tinnitis
ringing, buzzing, whistling in ear; idiopathic; no tx or cure; usually never stops
TBI
traumatic brain injury; concussion
Tx
treatment
DI
diabetes insipidus
cateract
protein deposits that cloud the lens; tx is cadaver lens transplantation
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
GH
growth hormone
aden/o
gland
glyc/o, gluc/o
sugar
gonad/o
sex gland
natr/o
sodium
DM
diabetes mellitus
CDE
certified diabetes educator
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
FBS
fasting blood sugar
crin/o
to secrete
myx/o
mucus; slime
immun/o
immune; immunity
tox/o, toxic/o
toxic; poison
DM/DI
diabetes mellitus/ insipidus ; type 1; autoimmune; adolescence; no insulin bc body destroys the cells that make it; synthetic insulin is tx
insulin
takes sugar out of the bloodstream and into cells for energy
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; type 2; body doesn’t produce as much insulin or is resistant to insulin; tx is sometimes insulin shots
diabetic ketoacidosis
lead to death if insulin is not regulated correctly; there is either too little or no insulin for blood sugar; liver breaks down fat b/c they don’t have energy from bloodsugar b/c there’s no insulin, producing ketone acids, too many ketones is very dangerous
cushing’s
too much cortisol; weakness; thin skin; hypertension; weight gain, usu around belly d/t tumor or steroid use; no death, treatable but many problems; iatrogenic (corticosteroids prescribed)
addison’s
autoimmune; decreased cortisol/aldosterone; causes anemia; hypotension; hypoglycemia; increase skin pigmentation; joint pain
grave’s
autoimmune that causes hyperthyroidism, bulging eyes, weight loss, thin and oily hair and skin
TED
thyroid eye disease
what meds are a lot of heart problems, cirrhosis, and edema pts. on?
diuretics b/c it decreases fluid volume which then decreases BP
what is the function of the urinary system
removes waste from your blood, in the form of urine; also helps regulate your blood volume and pressure and controls the level of chemicals and salts (electrolytes) in your body’s cells and blood
-tripsy
crushing
cyst/o
cyst; fluid sac; bladder
noct/o
night
olig/o
scanty (very small)
-graphy
field of study
UA
urinalysis
-pexy
union; formation
nephr/o
relating to kidneys
-uria
urine condition
-gram
to record
UTI
urinary tract infection
KUB
kidney, ureter, and bladder
CATH
cardiac catheterization
dys-
painful; difficult
NEG
negative or normal
inter
between 2 or more things
lith/o
stone
sp gr
urine specific gravity
urologist
after pee problems and urinary tract in general
nephrologist
problems with filtering blood and making pee, kidneys
diuresis
increase in frequency of urination; urologist
dysuria
painful urination d/t std or uti; burning feeling; if left untreated bacteria can “crawl”up into bladder then to kidneys which results in renal failure; urologist
enuresis
nervous system disorder; typical in young kids; wet the bed, brain is not sophisticated enough to tell the rest of your body you need to pee; voluntary
incontinence
older people; can’t hold it d/t muscular atrophy; pee involuntarily b/c muscles are weak; urologist; sphincter muscle
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones; lithotripsy is tx; urologist
PKU
genetic disorder where pt lack enzyme to break down phenylalanine in blood; pin poke needle in heal in babies to check for enzyme; meds; need to know early; can be toxic and result in death; OBGYN
PKU stands for
phenylketonuria
PKD
genetic kidney disease where cysts develop in kidney affecting functions, loss of function –> kidneys don’t clean blood –> backup of blood in kidney –> hypertension –> nephrosclerosis; tx is dialysis then transplant; nephrologist
PKD stands for
polycystic kidney disease
dialysis
nephrologist; machine that cleans blood artificially so you don’t have uremia and takes out the components of urine that haven’t be able to be filtered out by the kidneys
urinalysis
pee in a cup and lab checks whats in it; can be used as pregnancy test; reads sugar content and can detect diabetes bc blood sugar is high and so much is in the blood its not all filtered out and it is left in urine; nephrologist
ov/o
ovum, egg
C&S
culture and sensitivity
HPV
human papillomavirus
andr/o
male
gynec/o
female
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
BR
bed rest
trans-
across; over; beyond
salping/o
fallopian/eustachian tube
oophor/o
ovary
VD
venereal disease, STD
TSE
testicular self examination
GU
genitourinary
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
N/V
nausea and vomitting
-cele
hernia; protrusion; swelling
STI
sexually transmitted infection
hyster/o
uterus
orch/o
testis; testicle
BSE
breast self examination
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
OB/GYN
obstetrics and gynecology
zo/o
life; animal
ED
erectile dysfunction
HSV
herpes simplex virus, herpes
-rrhagia
rupture
py/o
pus
-centesis
puncture, perforation
-arche
beginning
cry/o
cold
crypt/o
hidden
mast/o
breast
primi-
first
-partum
childbirth
nulli-
none; no
gon/o
seed
-rrhapy
suture, surgical repair
mamm/o
breast
-gravida
pregnant
-itis
inflammation
colp/o
vagina
-ic
pertaining to
prostate and testicular cancer
P: 1/8 adult males will be dx; 2nd cause of death in the US;
T: 1/250 males, excellent survival rates
blood work, urinalysis, and palpate prostate are screening tests of P cancer
testicular torsion
spontaneous twisting of spermatic cord; can cut of blood supply to testes; ER situation
epididymitis
600k cases per year; d/t idiopathic, STD’s, or UTI’s
UTIs are rare in
males
vasectomy
cutting the vas deferens to prevent sperm from getting to semen; urologist; done in office/ outpatient; permanent male birth control
placenta previa
placenta develops over exit (cervix) and it becomes blocked; automatic c-section
abruptio placentae
placenta suddenly detaches from uterus wall and baby is no longer getting oxygenated blood; tx within an hour (cesarean); sign is bleeding
preeclampisa
dramatic increase in BP; dangerous; aka toxemia; common and idiopathic; emergency situation; within 24hrs the baby must be delivered; body says its done making babies; swell up; uremia; meds to bring BP down
meconium apsiration
baby inhales meconium as they take their first breath
fibroids
benign blood tumor in uterus; made from uterine cells too; make flow heavy and huge blood clots, bad cramps; tx is ablation for very serious symptoms
ablation
cauterize (whatever needs to be)
endometriosis
inside layer of uterus that sheds every month develops outside the uterus; causes infertility b/c lining can’t hold eggs, infections, immense cramping, abn. periods; no tx
hysterectomy total
whole uterus
hysterectomy partial
takes top of uterus and leaves cervix
hysterectomy radial
fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries
breach
baby’s feet are first, can switch back up until the last second
breach birth
feet are first during birth
placenta
huge filter, extra protection that filters blood for the baby
which way is the best way a baby should be born
face down, head first
what can a hysterectomy also be done for
endometriosis if bad enough, not a cure but relieves a little pain
mastectomy
removal of breast
tubal ligation
permanent female birth control; cut and burn fallopian tubes; major surgery;
retina
takes light and turns it into a electrical impulse
ossicles
vibrate, transmits to cochlea which transmits electrical impulses for processing info
full term
40 weeks
premature
below 37 wks
mammogram
x-ray of breast to look for cancer; starts when you are 40;
untreated diabetes can cause
renal failure; hard on cardiovascular system
ways to check for breast cancer
mammogram and palpating the area
stages of labor
water breaks, dilation, effacement, expulsion, delivery of placenta
water breaks
mucus plug is release and water falls out
dilations
10 cm for baby to come out, cervix gets wider
effacement
cervix gets thinner
explusion
crowning, and baby descends; umbilical cord is cut
delivery of the placenta
uterus will detach and contract, pushing the placenta out
