Med Term Review Pt. 2 Flashcards
pulmonary circulation
goes from right side of heart to lungs and back; exchanges CO2 for O2 in lungs
systemic circulation
circulation from left side of heart to body and back; exchanges O2 for CO2 in body
diastole
ventricular relaxation; bottom number on BP monitor
systole
ventricular contraction; top number on BP monitor;
which number is more concerning on a BP monitor when it is really high?
diastole because that is when your heart is relaxing and filling up with blood
angina
severe chest pain due to ischemia to the myocardium; usually due to exertion; pain goes away once they stop what they were doing; pain can radiate into left arm and if bad enough into the back; bc of a almost or fully blocked artery (atherosclerosis –> arteriostenosis)
CHF
coronary heart failure; end stage heart disease; ventricles are so damaged they can’t pump blood to every part of the body; leads to back up of blood in the heart; the heart starts to enlarge causes the lining/walls to thin out; then scarring and adhesions occur; high BP; takes years
MI
myocardial infarction; heart attack; blockage of coronary artery which results in death of the myocardium; 10 min max to revive and do angioplasty
Ballon Angioplasty
PCTA, used in MI, uses a balloon to open up clogged artery; minimally invasive;
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft; bypassing a blocked artery w/ another artery taken from somewhere else in the body like the leg
hypertension
high BP
angiogram
used to locate blockage of artery; uses dye with catheter; fluoroscopy; live x-ray
flouroscopy
live x-ray; not showing the heart in motion; just the outline of heart; guideline
atherosclerosis
hardening of artery due to plaque
what can atherosclerosis cause?
arteriostenosis
arteriostenosis
narrowing of the artery
HDL
good cholesterol; should almost always be lower than LDL; under 200; whole grains; leafy greens; fruits
LDL
bad cholesterol; red meat, fried foods, non whole grains
arrhythmia
electrical impulse through the heart is messed up; abnormal; irregular heartbeat
pacemaker
tx for arrhythmia; internal defibrillator, regulates HR
function of lymphatic system
blood carries life sustaining O2 + nutrients to tissues
WBC
leukocyte; white blood cell; fight infections and strengthen immune system
RBC
erythrocyte; red blood cells; carry O2 to tissues and CO2 to lungs
thrombocyte
platelets; helps with clotting and coagulation
cell (word part)
cyt/o
red
erythr/o
deficiency
-penia
poison
tox/o
without; not
a-; an-
before; forward
pro-
large
macro-
immediately
STAT
white
leuk/o
study
log/o
rupture; bursting forth
-rrhage
eating; devouring
phag/o
one
mono-
pertaining to a blood condition
-emic
blood condition
-emia
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
blood
hem/o; hemat/o
shape; form
morph/o
clot; coagulation
thromb/o
cell (suffx)
-cyte
multiple
-poly
across
trans-
diagnosis
Dx
inflammation
-itis
new
neo-
removal
-pheresis
change; beyond
meta-
developing cell; growth
-blast
stoppage of flow
-stasis
transmission; carrying
-phoresis
pertaining to formation
-plastic
protein
-globulin
nucleus of a cell
kary/o
tumor; mass
-oma
formation; production
-poiesis
loosen; divide; cut apart
-lysis
aneurysm
balloon like enlargement of a blood vessel; can get anywhere but common in the brain; never in the coronary artery; can be from weakness in the walls of blood vessels, atheroma, atherosclerosis
ruptured aneurysm
stroke; kills surrounding nerve; can be due to hypertension
weakness in the wall present from birth, resulting in a aneurysm
congenital aneurysm; not common
carries blood away from heart
artery
carry blood to heart
vein
windpipe
trachea
throat
pharynx
voicebox
larynx
what does the pharynx do
transports air, water, and food
ventilation
moving air in and out of lungs
respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2
trachea
trache/o
cancer
carcin/o
smell (suffix)
-osmia
oxygen
ox/i
lung
pulmon/o
CF
cystic fibrosis
CXR
chest x-ray
narrowing; tightening
-stenosis
breathing; respiration
-pnea
removal (word part)
aspir/o
process of measuring
-metry
to revive
resuscit/o
CO2
-capnia
ABG
arterial blood gas
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
PFT
pulmonary function test
dilation; expansion
-ectasis
nose
nas/o
voice
-phonia
chest
thorac/o
lung; air
pneum/o
BP
blood pressure
COPD
chronic obstructed pulmonary disease; emphysema
blue
cyan/o
blood oxygen is decreased
hypoxia
cheyne-stokes
breathing pattern; death rattle; apnea to hyperpnea (slow to really fast breathing); EKG is all over the map
aspiration
inhaling anything other than air; can lead to pneumonia + death; rishy for immunocompromised pts; critical to watch pts after surgery bc they can feel nauseous
atelectasis/pneumothorax
collapsed lung
whats the difference btwn atelectasis and a pneumothorax?
atel: fluid buildup which pushes lung out of the way in pleural cavity; can be from pulmonary embolism
pneumo; outside trauma, punctured lung
who is more common to throw clots and vomit after surgery?
older folks and people with heart disease b/c they are on blood thinner meds
pleural effusion
fluid that causes atelectasis; usu from CHF because everything is leaking
pulmonary embolism
PE; blockage in artery; common after surgery; can cause cardiac arrest
tuberculosis
TB; bacterial infection; spores form in the lungs; certain strains a resistant to antibiotics; 6 months tx and isolation
arterial blood gas
ABG; blood test to see oxygen saturation; more specific than mr. pinchy
tracheostomy
opening in the trachea to connect to ventilator to help pt breathe
sleep apnea
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is tx; keeps airway open while you sleep (continuously blows air in pharynx and trachea so the tongue doesn’t fall back)
endotracheal intubation
ET; tube that is place down the trachea; paramedic can intubate but not a EMT
ET vs tracheostomy
ET is within the trachea, its a whole tube that goes down the trachea
tracheostomy is a hole cut into the trachea and connects to a ventilator
chewing
mastication
contraction and relaxation of intestines
peristalsis
pooping
defecation
swallowing
deglutination
stomach
digest and break down food
pancreas
produces enzymes that aid in digestion
small intestine function
absorbs nutrients
large intestine function
absorbs water
liver function
filters out chemical and waste from blood stream; stores nutrients; makes bile; converts glycogen to glucose; breaks down fats
barium study
white, chalky substance to examine GI tract
barium swallow (taken orally) duodenum and up
barium enema (through rectum) everything below
stomach (root word)
gastr/o
tooth
odon/o
study of
-ology
gall; bile
chol/e
orange; yellow
cirrh/o
appetite
-orexia
enzyme
-ase
abd
abdominal
GERD/pyrosis
gastroesophageal reflux disease; heartburn; pyrosis is acute; GERD is chronic (common in overweight people and 3rd trimester pregnancies) pressure on the stomach which pushes on the esophagus, then stomach acid leads to there; can cause esophageal ulcers; can be caused by a hiatal hernia
by mouth
po
intestines (small)
enter/o
liver root word
hepat/o
vomitting
-emesis
excess discharge; flow
-rrhea
abd wall
lapar/o
defecation; elimination of waste
-chezia
eating; swallowing
-phagia
before meals
ac
irritable bowl syndrome
IBS
shortness of breath
SOB
colon, large intestine
colon/o; col/o
specialist
-logist
rectum; anus
proct/o
labi/o
lip
enlargement
-megaly
in; within
endo-
digestion
-pepsia
after meal
pc
NG
nasogastric
ulcer
peptic in stomach; duodenal - erosions of mucosa of GI tract; can become perforated ulcers (sepsis and die); stomach acid makes it worse; can’t eat really or else it won’t heal
hepatitis
concerned abt B + C, vaccines for both; common through needle sharing and sometimes blood transfusion, also with accident needle sticks and when pts blood is on the doc; bloodborne; hep leads to jaundice b/c of sclerosis and cirrhosis, this then leads to ascites when its end stage because liver is backed up; danger when it gets past the diaphragm b/c its getting to the lungs (symptom is SOB)
ascite
fluid in the peritoneal cavity; temporary tx is diuretics and abdominocentesis
medicine for GERD
pepcid AC
medicine for pyrosis
tums (a base, neutralizes acid)
esophageal varices
another effect of hep B +C, this is bc of cirrhosis of liver and causes back up, veins are dilated, they can rupture and lead to bleeding into the stomach; can be deadly
who has similar conditions as a hep B or C pt?
alcoholics, they have all the same symptoms except the virus
when stomach fills up blood fast..
you throw up blood
when the bleeding is slow to the stomach..
you have blood digested and poop is black
cirrhosis can lead to
esophageal varices because blood is backed up, causes the swelling you see in this condition and can rupture
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones; inflammation and pain
chrons
autoimmune; causes hyperinflammation throughout the GI tract, patchy; diarrhea, pain
celiac
autoimmune; inability to process gluten
hernia
guts rupture into an adjacent cavity where they aren’t supposed to be; can have pyrosis with hiatal; if small they are left alone but big ones that cause symptoms require surgery; common in body builders
hiatal and inguinal are the most common
ileus
blockage of GI tract; folded, twisted itself off, small intestine area, corrected with surgery immediately
when doing a abdominocentesis for ascites
fluid must be removed slowly or it will cause neuro disruption, arrhythmia, basically body failure because the fluid has electrolytes
OU
each eye
O.D.
right eye
AD, AS, AU
alzheimer’s
cornea
kerat/o
ear
ot/o
on; over; upon
epi-
weakness
-paresis
near; beside; alongside; beyond
para-
ANS
autonomic nervous system
speech
phas/o
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
QID
four times per day
hearing root word
audi/o
outward
ex/o
cerumen
cerumen/o
eyelid
blephar/o
O.S.
left eye
OD
doctor of optometry
PERRLA
pupils are equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation
tympanic membrane; eardrum
myring/o
lamina; thin plate or layer; arch
lacrim/o
half
hemi-
ear condition
-otia
together; with
con-
head
cephal/o
mind
psych/o
RN
registered nurse
BID
twice a day
eye
ophthalm/; ocul/o
inward
eso-
seizure
-lepsy
brain
encephal/o
hernia; swelling; protrusion
-cele
CBT
cognitive behavioral therapy
LP
lumbar puncture
H&P
history and physical
CVA
cerebral vascular accident
CNS
central nervous system
PNS
peripheral nervous system
droop; sag; prolapse; protrude
-ptosis
smell (root word)
olfact/o
gray matter
poli/o
split
schiz/o
ADHD
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
to bruise
contus/o
body
somat/o
TID
three times a day
gtt
glucose tolerance test
hearing (suffix)
-cusis
vision condition
-opia
sleep
hypn/o
paralysis
-plegia
to cut off; cut short
syncop/o
suture
-rrhaphy
EDH
epidural hematoma
R/O
ruleout
PET
positron emission tomography
mind
phren/o
