med term chap 5 skin Flashcards
Adip/o
fat
lip/o
fat
steat/o
fat
cutane/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
derm/o
skin
hidr/o
sweat
sudor/o
sweat
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea of eye
onych/o
nail
myc/o
fungus
ungu/o
nail
melano
black
pil/o
hair
trich/o
hair
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of the eye)
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
squam/o
scale
xen/o
foreign, strange
xer/o
dry
-cyte
cell
-derma
skin
-logist
specialist in the study of
-logy
study of
-therapy
treatment
an-
without, not
epi-
above, upon
homo-
same
dermatologist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin disease
lesions
areas of pathologically altered tissues caused by disease, injury, or a wound due external factors of internal disease
lesions are described by their
appearance, color, location, and size on centimeters
primary skin lesions
initial reaction to pathologically altered tissues- may be flat or elevated
secondary skin lesions
changes that take place in the primary lesion due to infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of disease
macule
flat, pigmented, circumscribe area
primary lesions
papule
small, may be same color as the skin or pigmented- nevus, wart, pimple, ringworm, psoriasis, eczema
nodule
larger and deeper than a papule
bening or malignt tumors
tumor
larger and deeper than the nodule,
lipoma
steatoma
dermatofibroma
wheal
rounded lesion with localized skin edema that varies in size, shape, and color
paler in the center/ surrounding edges
itching
-hives, insect bites
elevated- fluid- filled lesions vesicle
smallest, elevated circumscribed, fluid filled lesion
-poison ivy
-shingles
-chicken pox
pustule
large than vesicle and contains pus
-acne
-furuncle
-pustular psoriasis
-scabies
bulla
a vesicle or blister than the pustules
-second degree burns
-servere poison oak/ivy
ulcer
an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis- usually heals with scarring
-pressure sore
-basal cell and carcinoma
excoriations
linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis,
-scratches
-abrasions
-chemical or thermal burn
fissure
deeper; small slit or crack- like sore that extends into the dermal layer, could be cause by continuous inflammation and drying
burns
injures that are caused by contact with thermal, chemical, electrical or radioactive agents
systemic effects of burns
life threatening and may included dehydration, shock, and infection
burns are usually classified as…
first, second, or third-degree
first degree burns (superficial burn)
-epidermis is damaged
symptoms restricted to local effects (skin redness, acute sensitivity to sensory stimuli (touch, heat or cold)
does not blister
heals with scarring
sunburn or hot water
erythma
skin redness
second degree burn (partial thickness burn)
deep burn the damages both the epidermis and part of the dermis
hyperesthesia
acute sensitivity to sensory stimuli
- touch, heat, cold
what is second degree burns characterized by
fluid- filled blisters (vesicle or bullae) created by the deeper penetration of heat
recovery from second degree burns
is more painful and recovery is usually slow but complete with scare formation
- seriousness depends on how much of the dermis has been injured
third degree burns
-full thickness burn
both the epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underlying connective tissue is damaged, leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch
what develops after a third degree burn
ulcerating wounds develop and the body attempts to heal itself by forming scar tissue `
dermatoplasty
skin grafts that are frequently used to assist recovery in third degree burns
rule of nine
emergency ,method for estimating the extent of burn damages
the rule of nine calculates
body surface involved in burns by assigning values of 9% or 18% of surface areas to specific regions
why is the rule of nine important
accurate estimation of damaged surface area to know treatment with I.V fluid
antiacne agents
reduce acne through multiple mechanisms
antifungals
use to threat fungal infection. Alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity resulting in cell death
antihistamines
inhibit inflammation, redness, and itching caused by allergic skin reaction and the release of histamine
antiparasitics
kill insect parasites such as mites and lice
antiseptics
topically applied agents that limit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infection in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions
corticosteroid
decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune systems response to tissue damage
keratolytics
destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed
protectives
cover, cool, dry or sooth inflamed skin
topical anesthetics
block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
oncology
branch of medicine dealing with tumors`
neoplasms
abnormal growth of new tissues that can be benign or malignant
benign neoplasms
noncanercous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissues in which they are growing
-place pressure on surrounding structure
malignant neoplasm
composed of cancerous cells that do not necessarily resemble the tissue in which they are growing
- cells show altered function, appearance
-uncontrolled growth
-invade the surrounding tissue
malignant neoplasms can break
loose from the primary tumor, enter blood and lymph vessels, and travel to remote regions of the body to FORM SECONDARY TUMOR SITES
metastasis
the ability to invade surrounding tissue and spread to remote regions of the body
four grades of severity
grading system used to evaluate the appearance and maturity of cancer cells in tumors based on the microscopic appearance of cancer cells
grade 1 tumor has the ______ prognosis; grade 4 has the ______ prognosis
best, weak
TNMI
systems of staging to determine how much cancer has spread within the body
TNMI stands for
T- refers to the size and extent of the primary tumor
N- indicates number of area lamp nodes involved
M- refers to any metastases of the primary tumor
A- subscript number is used to indicate the size or spread of the tumor
Basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer
-malignancy of the hair follicle (commonly caused by overexposure to sunlight )
basal cell carcinoma is more prevalent in
blond, fair skinned men and it is the most common malignant tumor affecting caucasians
basal cell carcinoma ulcerate
as they increase in size and develop crusting that is firm to the touch
basal cell carcinoma metastases are
uncommon; the invade the tissues sufficient to destroy an ear, nose, or eyelid
squamous cell carcinoma arises from
keratinizing epidermal cells
squamous cell carcinoma is most common in
fair skinned white men over 60
what greatly increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma?
repeated overexposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays
what factors are associated with squamous cell carcinoma
radiation therapy, chronic skin irritation and inflammation, exposure to local carcinogens, hereditary diseases such as Xeroderma, pigmentosum and albinism
malignant melanoma
a neoplasm composed of abnormal melanocytes that commonly begin in a darkly pigmented mole
what is the most lethal of the skin cancers that can metastasize extensively to the liver, lungs, or brain
malignant melanoma
who is at the greatest of malignant melanoma
fair complexion, blue eyes, red/blonde hair, and freckles
what caused malignant melanoma
excessive exposure to sunlight and severe sunburn during childhood are believe to increase the risk of melanoma
abscess
localized collection of pus at the site of an infection
acne
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or skin disease, baldness
Bowen disease
very early form of skin cancer, easily unable and characterized by a red, scaly path of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma
cellulitis
diffuse (widespread) acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
cholosama
pigmented skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish- brown patches or spots; also indicates underlying liver condition
comedo
typically small skin lesion of acne vulgarism caused by accumulation of keratin bacteria and dried sebum plugging in excretory duct of the skin; whiteheads and blackheads
decubitus ulcer
skin ulceration cause by prolonged pressure usually in a person who is bedridden also known as a bedsore
ecchymosis
Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregular formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; bruise
eczema
Acute or chronic inflammation characterized by erythma, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts,
scabs, and possibly itching
erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
eschar
damaged tissue following a severe burn
impetigo
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
keratosis
Thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus or wart)
lentigo
Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms brought on by sun exposure, middle aged people
pallor
Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
pediculosis
Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
petechia
Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
pruritus
intense itching
prosiasis
Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribe red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales that are the result of excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis
purpura
Any of the several bleeding disorder characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae; often associated with clotting disorder
scabies
Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact or close physical contact
tinea
Any fungal skin disease whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm
urticaria
Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red elevated patches called wheals
verruca
Epidermal growth caused by a virus, such as plantar warts, juvenile warts, and venereal warts
vitiligo
Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
allergy skin test
Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s reaction to it
Intradermal Test
Identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneous injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction
patch test
Identifies suspected allergens by topical
application of substances to be tested, usually on the forearm and observing for subsequent reaction
scratch test
Identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin
culture and sensivity
Laboratory test to determine the presence of pathogens in patients with suspected would infections and identify the appropriate drug therapy to which the organism responses (sensitivity)
chemical peel
Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses; also used for cosmetic purposes to remove fine wrinkles on the face; chemabrasion.
cryosurgery
Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue cells, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue
Debridement
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
Dermabrassion
Removal of acne scars, nevi, tattoos, or fine wrinkles on the skin through the use of sandpaper, wire brushes, or other abrasive materials on the anesthetized epidermis
Fulguration
Tissue destruction by means of high frequency electric current
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Procedure in which cells selectively treated with agent called a photsensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells
skin graft
Surgical procedure to transport healthy tissue by applying it to an injured site
allograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person
autograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
synthetic
Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
