a & p quiz 1 Flashcards
anatomy
study of structure/morphology of the human body and its parts; derived from greek for “a cutting up
physiology
the study of the functions of the human body and its parts; derived from greek for “realtionship to nature”
axial portion
head, neck, and trunl
appendicular portion
upper and lower libbers
cranial cavity
houses the brain
vertebral canal (spinal cavity)
contains spinal cord
thoracic cavity
houses lungs and thorasic viscera
abdominopelvic cavity
contains abdominal and pelvis viscera
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic field changes alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-resolution images of internal structures, such as the brain
movement
change In position of the body or of a body part, motion of an internal organ
responsiveness
reaction to a change inside or outside the body
growth
increase in body size without change in shape
reproduction
production of new organisms and new cells
respiration
obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration)
digestion
breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used
absorption
passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
circulation
movement of substances in body fluids
assimilation
change o absorbed substances into different chemical forms
excretion
removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions in an organism that supports life
homeostasis
the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes
homeostatic mechansims
self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed
receptor
detects and provides information about the stimuli
control center
decision-maker that maintains the set point
effector
muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment
negative feedback
effectors return conditions toward norma range, and the deviation for set point lessens
postive feedback
short lived- produces unstable conditions
blood clotting and uterine contractions
diaphragm
muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
mediastinum
region between lungs in thoracic cavity, contains heart esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
abdominal cavity
(abdominal cavity) extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis, and contains stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
enclosed by pelvic bones and contains the end of the large intestine, urniary bladder, internal reproductive organs
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with
double layered serous membranes that secretes serous fluid
visceral layer
inner layer, which covers an organ
partial layer
outer layer, which lines wall of cavity
integumentary system
protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, production of Vitamin D
skeletal system
framework, protection attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, support and movement
muscular system
movement, main source of body heat, maintenance of posture
nervous and endocrine systems
integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
cardiovascular system
transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells and wastes
lymphatic system
transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, body denfense
digestive system
receives food, breaks down food, extremes waste
respiratory system
exchange of gases
urinary system
removes blood wastes regulates electrolyte & water balance, blood pressure
reproductive system
male and female systems produce and transport sex cells
anatomical position
standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward
superior
aboce
inferior
below
anterior
toward the front
vental
toward thefront
posterior
toward the back
dorsal
toward the back
medial
toward the midline
lateral
away from midline
bilateral
paired structures; on both sides
ipsilateral
same side
contralateral
opposite side
proximal
close to point of attachment or trunk
distal
farther from point of attachment or trunl
superficial
close to body surface
deep
more internal
sagittal
longitudinal cut that divides the body into right and left portions
mid-sagittal/ median section
divides body into equal right and left portions
parasagittal section
sagitall section lateral to midline; divides body into unequal left and right portions
traverse or horizontal
divides body into superior and inferior portions
frontal or coronal
longitudinal cut that divides body into anterior and posterior portions
cross sections
cut in half
oblique section
cut /
longitudinal section
cut l l
digital
toe (anterior)
tarsal
ankle (anterior)
crural
leg (anterior
patellar
front of knee anterior
genital
external reproductive organs
digital
finger
palmar
palm
carpal
wrist
antebrachial
forearm
antecubital
front of elbow
brachial
arm
mammary
breast
axillary
armpit
acromial
point of shoulder
cervical
neck
oral
mouth
nasal
nose
otic
ear
cephalic
head
frontal
forehead
orbital
eye cavity
buccal
cheek
mental
chin
sternal
strenum
pectoral
anterior chest
umibilical
navel
inguinal
groin
coxal
hip
femoral
thigh
plantar
sole
calcaneal
heal
sural
calf
popliteal
back of knee
gluteal
buttocks
sacral
between the hips
lumar
lower back
cubital
elbow
brachial
arm
vertebral
spinal column
acromial
point of shoulder
occipital
back of head
what happens as one ages
hair loses pigment
skin wrinles
skin stiffens
percentage of fats increase
elevated blood presure
evevated blood glucose
tissues atrophy
metabolic rate decreases
cella reach end of cell divison
decreased production of enzymes
develop dementia/ Alzheimer disease
