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Medical Terminology > Med Term ch2Q. Human Body in Health & Disease > Flashcards

Med Term ch2Q. Human Body in Health & Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what system is the larynx part of

A

respiratory

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2
Q

toward or nearer midline

A

medial

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3
Q

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

A

gene

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4
Q

enlargement in the bulk of an organ not due to tumor formation

A

hypertrophy

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5
Q

toward lower part of body

A

caudal

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6
Q

change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

A

genetic mutation

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7
Q

study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

A

histology

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8
Q

condition of abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

A

dysplasia

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9
Q

quadrant

A

divided into four equal parts

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10
Q

secrete hormones

A

endocrine glands

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11
Q

abnormal hardening of gland

A

adenosclerosis

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12
Q

genetic disorder which essential digestive enzyme is missing

A

phenylketonuria

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13
Q

condition acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

A

nosocomial infection

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14
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorder. blood-clotting factor is missing

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15
Q 
Which of these diseases is NOT spread by bloodborne transmission?
 hepatitis B 
 sexually transmitted diseases 
 human immunodeficiency virus 
 tuberculosis
A

tuberculosis. it is spread by droplets in the air.

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16
Q

gamete

A

only type of cell that doesnt contain 46 chromosomes. contains 23.

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17
Q

communicable disease

A

any disease transmitted from one person to another

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18
Q

functional disorder

A

disorder with no physical changes to explain the symptoms

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19
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

illness without known cause

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20
Q

infectious disorder

A

illness caused by a pathogenic organism

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21
Q

organic disorder

A

disorder with physical changes that explain the symptoms

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22
Q

processes wich body maintains constant internal environment

A

homeostasis

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23
Q

abnormal condition that exists at time of birth

A

congenital disorder

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24
Q

genetic disorder causing nerve degeneration that can result in uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities

A

Huntington’s disease

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25
Q

study of how traits are transferred from parents to offspring and role of genes in health and disease

A

genetics

26
Q

mesentery

A

suspends parts of the intestine within the abdominal cavity

27
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of membrane that lines abdominal cavity

28
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane that protects and supports organs in abdominal cavity

29
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

30
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of membrane that surround the organs of the abdominal cavity

31
Q

physician who specializes in care of older people

A

geriatrician

32
Q

abdominal cavity

A

protects major organs of digestive system

33
Q

cranial cavity

A

protects brain

34
Q

pelvic cavity

A

protects reproductive and excretory system organs

35
Q

spinal cavity

A

protects spinal cord

36
Q

thoracic cavity

A

protects heart and lungs

37
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides into unequal right and left

38
Q

umbilicus

A

belly button or navel

39
Q

inguinal

A

relating to groin. refers to entire lower portion of abdomen

40
Q

T/F: each chromosome contains 46 genes

A

F: each chromosome holds about 100,000 genes. humans have 46 chromosomes.

41
Q

region below the stomach

A

hypogastric region

42
Q

benign tumor formed from glandular tissue

A

adenoma

43
Q

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

A

anaplasia

44
Q

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

A

aplasia

45
Q

abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement

A

hyperplasia

46
Q

incomplete development of an organ or tissue

A

hypoplasia

47
Q

specialist in the study of tissue organization at all levels

A

histologist

48
Q

deviation from what is regarded as normal

A

anomaly

49
Q

postmortem examination

A

autopsy

50
Q

study of the causes of diseases

A

etiology

51
Q

protective padding, insulation, support, and a nutrient reserve

A

adipose tissue

52
Q

body regions located on left and right sides are covered by the lower ribs

A

left and right hypochondriac

53
Q

divides body into anterior and posterior portions

A

frontal plane

54
Q

T/F: stem cells can be harvested from the bone marrow of a newborn infant

A

Falst

55
Q

situated nearest midline or beginning of a body structure

A

proximal

56
Q

located behind the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

57
Q

divides body into unequal upper and lower portions

A

sagittal plane

58
Q

T/F: dorsal cavity contains body organs that maintain homeostasis

A

False

59
Q

T/F: freckles are a physical trait transmitted by a recessive gene

A

False

60
Q

T/F: gamete is only type of cell that doesn’t contain 46 chromosomes

A

True

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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