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Medical Terminology > Ch. 4 Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

muscul/o, my/o, myos/s

A

muscle

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2
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

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3
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendons

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4
Q

muscle functions

A

hold body erect, generate 85% heat, move food through digestive system, movement, walking, move fluid through body

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5
Q

muscle fibers

A

long slender cells that make muscles. held together by connective tissue

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6
Q

fascia

A

sheets of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles. flexible to allow muscle movement

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7
Q

tendons

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense connective tissue. connect muscle to bone

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8
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attached to bones. make movement possible

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9
Q

smooth muscle

A

in walls of organs. vessels, GI tract, ducts leading from glands

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10
Q

myocardial muscle

A

walls of heart

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11
Q

muscle innervation

A

stimulation by motor nerve impulse. when stimulation stops, muscle relaxes.

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12
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to nerve/muscle

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13
Q

antagonistic pairs

A

muscle pairs work in opposition. one contracts while other relaxes

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14
Q

contraction

A

tightening.becomes shorter and thicker, causing center of muscle to enlarge

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15
Q

relaxation

A

when muscle returns to original form. becomes longer and thinner

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16
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

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17
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline

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18
Q

flexion

A

decreasing angle between 2 bones. bending limb at joint

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19
Q

extension

A

increasing angle. straightening of joint

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20
Q

elevation

A

raising/lifting body part

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21
Q

depression

A

lowering body part

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22
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at far end of limb

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23
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around axis

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24
Q

supination

A

rotation of arm/leg so palm/sole is facing upward/forward

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25
Q

pronation

A

rotation of arm/leg so palm/sole is facing backward/downward

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26
Q

dorsi flexion

A

bends foot upward at ankle

27
Q

plantar flexion

A

bends foot downward at ankle

28
Q

origin

A

less movable attachment. where muscle begins. nearest midline on less movable part of skeleton

29
Q

insertion

A

more movable attachment. where muscle ends

30
Q

oblique

A

slanted, at an angle

31
Q

sphincter

A

ring shaped muscle. constricts opening of passageway

32
Q

rectus

A

straight alignment with vertical axis of body

33
Q

transverse

A

crosswise

34
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest muscle of buttocks

35
Q

deltoid

A

shaped like inverted triangle

36
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

unknown cause. not improved by bed rest and lasts longer than 2 months

37
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue. hold structures together abnormally. forms in muscles/organs

38
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away. caused by pathology or disuse

39
Q

myalgia

A

tenderness/pain in muscle

40
Q

myocele

A

herniation through tear in fascia surrounding

41
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

42
Q

momalacia

A

abnormal softening of muscle

43
Q

myorrhexis

A

rupture or tearing of muscle

44
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening

45
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. comes with aging

46
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles. doesnt affect CNS

47
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

tendons pass through the carpal tunnel. chronic overuse causes inflammation

48
Q

-tonic

A

pertaining to muscle tone

49
Q

muscle tone

A

state of balanced muscle tension

50
Q

a-

A

without

51
Q

-tax

A

coordination

52
Q

-ia

A

condition

53
Q

atonic

A

lacking muscle tone

54
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal tone. impairment of voluntary muscle movement

55
Q

hypertonia

A

excessive muscle tone

56
Q

hypotonia

A

diminished muscle tone

57
Q

myotonia

A

neuromuscular disorder. causes slow relaxation of muscle

58
Q

ataxia

A

inability to coordinate

59
Q

dystaxia

A

mild form of ataxia

60
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, and tendons

61
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in leg muscles during exercise

62
Q

spasm

A

sudden muscle contraction

63
Q

cramp

A

localized spasm

64
Q

spasmodic torticollis

A

stiff neck

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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