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Medical Terminology > Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

heart

A

muscular organ between lungs

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2
Q

pericardium

A

double walled membranous sac enclosing heart

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3
Q

epicardium

A

external layer of heart/inner layer of pericardium

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4
Q

myocardium

A

middle and thickest layer of heart

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5
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of heart

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6
Q

atria

A

2 receiving chambers

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7
Q

ventricle

A

2 pumping chambers

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8
Q

tricuspid valve

A

controls opening between right atrium and right ventricle

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9
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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10
Q

mitral valve

A

between left ventricle and left atrium

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11
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

between left ventricle and aorta

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12
Q

sinoatrial node (SA)

A

establishes basic rythm and rate. starts each wave of contractions. located near entrance of superior vena cava

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13
Q

atrioventricular node (AV)

A

gets impulse from SA and transmits it to Bundle of His

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14
Q

Bundle of His

A

group of fibers. carry impulse to ensure sequence of heart contractions

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15
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

within walls of ventricles. relay impulses to cells of ventricle to contract. forces blood out of heart

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16
Q

P wave

A

due to stimulation of atria

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17
Q

T wave

A

recovery of ventricles

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18
Q

QRS wave

A

stimulation of ventricles. atria relaxes as ventricle constrict

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19
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

blood flow between heart and lungs

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20
Q

systemic circulation

A

blood flow to all of body except lungs

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21
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from heart. elastic and muscular to expand and contract

22
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in body

23
Q

carotid

A

carry blood to head. divides into internal carotid

24
Q

arterioles

A

smaller branches of arteries that carry blood to capillaries

25
Q

veins

A

low pressure collecting system to return blood to heart. thinner and less elastic. valves to prevent backflow

26
Q

venules

A

smallest veins that connect veins to capillaries

27
Q

vena cavae

A

2 largest veins. superior and inferior

28
Q

capillaries

A

one cell thick. slow flow of blood to allow for exchange. 90% of fluid leaves opposite end of capillary bed through venules

29
Q

pulse

A

rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by heart contractions

30
Q

blood pressure

A

measurement of amount of systolic and diastolic pressure

31
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure against artery wall while ventricles contract

32
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure against artery wall while ventricles relax

33
Q

plasma

A

fluid containing nutrients, hormones, and waste products. 91% water, 9% proteins

34
Q

prothrombin and fibrinogen

A

clotting proteins found in plasma

35
Q

serum

A

plasma fluid after blood cells and proteins have been removed

36
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBCs. produced in red bone marrow. transports oxygen using hemoglobin

37
Q

leukocytes

A

WBCs. immune cells

38
Q

neutrophils

A

most common WBC. major role in immune defense

39
Q

basophils

A

least common WBC. responsible for symptoms of allergies

40
Q

eosinophils

A

WBC.destroy parasitic organisms. major role in allergic response

41
Q

lymphocytes

A

WBC. identify foreign substances and germs to produce antibodies

42
Q

monocytes

A

WBC. provide immune defense against infection

43
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets. smallest elements of blood. creates clot by becoming sticky

44
Q

blood types

A

classified according to presence or absence of certain antigens. A, B, AB (presence of AB antigens) and O (both antigens are present)

45
Q

RH Factor

A

presence/absence of RH antigen. 85% positive, 15% negative in US

46
Q

blood gases

A

gases normally dissolved in liquid portion of blood. major are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

47
Q

congenital heart defects

A

structural abnormalities caused by failure to develop before birth

48
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. reduces supply to heart muscle

49
Q

infarction

A

sudden insufficiency of blood

50
Q

aneurysm

A

localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement in wall of artery

51
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal clot

52
Q

embolism

A

sudden blockage of blood vessel. can be from air or fat.

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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