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NURS 242 > Med Term - 6: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Med Term - 6: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

A

protection
support
movement

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2
Q

Bones are essential in what?

A

hematopoiesis
storage of fat in bone marrow
storage and release of calcium

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3
Q

What is orthopedics?

A

prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

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4
Q

Why do bones block x-rays?

A

calcium is radiopaque

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5
Q

What are the major bone divisions?

A

skull
spinal column
breastbone
ribs

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6
Q

What is cartilage?

A

specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic, strong, and can withstand pressure and tension

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7
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle?

A

cardiac
smooth
skeletal

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8
Q

Fascia

A

covers, supports, and separates muscles

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9
Q

Tendons

A

attach muscles to bones

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10
Q

Joint

A

place of union between two or more bones

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11
Q

Where are synovial joints located?

A

in the cavities between bones

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bones or cartilage

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13
Q

What diseases have unknown causes?

A

fatigue syndrome
fibromyalgia
myofibrosis
myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

widespread non-particular pain of torso, extremities, face

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15
Q

Myofibrosis

A

tissue replaced by fibrous tissue

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16
Q

Myoasthenia gravis

A

fatgiue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in nerve impulse conduction

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17
Q

What are the various stress and trauma injuries?

A 
dislocation
fracture
sprain
strain
herniated disks
paraplegia
quadriplegia/tetraplegia
paresis
paraparesis
quadra/tetraparesis
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18
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement of bone from a joint

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19
Q

Fracture

A

broken bone

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20
Q

Sprain

A

injury to joint that causes pain and disability

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21
Q

Strain

A

excessive use of body resulting in injury or trauma due to contraction or excessive stretch

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22
Q

Herniated Disks

A

occurs when vertebrae become diseased and rupture

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23
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower portion of body and both legs

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24
Q

Quadri/tetraplegia

A

paralysis of arms and legs

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25
Paresis
motor weakness or partial paralysis
26
Paraparesis
partial paralysis of lower limbs
27
Quadra/Tetraparesis
affects all four extremities
28
What are the various infections of the musculoskeletal system?
cellulitis osteitis osteomyelitis osteochondritis
29
Cellulitis
acute, spreading inflammation of deep subcutaneous tissue
30
Osteitis
inflammation of bone
31
Osteomyelitis
infection of bone and bone marrow caused by infectious organisms
32
ostechondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage that attacks ossification centers
33
What are the two types of tumors?
primary | secondary
34
Primary tumor
originates in bone
35
Secondary tumor
originating in other tissue
36
Sarcomas
cancers that arise from connective tissue
37
Chondrosarcomas
composed of masses of cartilages
38
Fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor that contains fibrous tissue
39
Leukemias
chronic or acute disease of blood-forming tissues, causing unrestrained growth of leukocytes
40
How are leukemias classified?
predominant cell types | severity of disease
41
Multiple myeloma
presence of many masses in bone marrow that is progressive and fatal
42
Paget Disease
osteitis deformans skeletal disease of elderly persons chronic bone inflammation
43
What are the types of metabolic disturbances of the musculoskeletal system?
osteitis deformans (paget disease) osteomalacia spondylomalacia osteoporosis
44
Osteomalacia
reversible skeletal disorder caused by a vitamin D deficiency that affects the mineralization of bone
45
Spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebrae
46
Osteoporosis
reduced bone mass common in postmenopausal women, sedentary individuals, and those who are using long term steroid therapy
47
What is common in osteoporosis patients
Dowager's hump
48
What are the various congenital defects of the musculoskeletal system?
``` spina bifida scoliosis kyphosis muscular dystrophy carniocele tarsoptosis ```
49
Spina bifida
defective closure of bones of spine
50
Scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine
51
Kyphosis
exaggerated curvature of spine from front to back
52
Craniocele
hernial protrusion of brain through defect in skull
53
Tarsoptosis
flat foot
54
What are the various types of arthritis and connective tissue diseases?
``` arthritis osteoarthritis/degenerative joint disease rheumatoid arthritis spondyloarthritis rheumatoid spondylitis ankylosis polyarthritis arthralgia/arthrodynia bursitis lupus erythematosus gout arthropathy ```
55
Arthritis
any inflammatory condition of joints, characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limited movement
56
Osteoarthritis
DJD | loss of articular cartilage that is common in joints that bear weight
57
Rheumatoid Arthritis
second most common connective tissue disease that is chronic, systemic and often results in joint deformities in hands and feet
58
Rheumatism
acute chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles, pain in joints and associated structures
59
Spondyloarthritis
inflammation of vertebrae, arthritis of spine
60
Rheumatoid spondylitis
causes inflammation of cartilage between vertebrae and may cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse
61
Ankylosis
immobile and stiff joint that can occur in spine
62
Polyarthritis
inflammation of more than one joint
63
Arthralgia/Arthrodynia
painful joint
64
Bursitis
inflammation of bursa that may not include inflammation of actual joint
65
LupusErythematosus
autoimmue diease that involves connectie tissue and commonly is first identified by the butterfly rash
66
Gout
hereditary acute arthritis that causes inflammation of joints (feet, knee)
67
Arthropathy
any disease of a joint
68
Reduction
returning fractures to normal positions and may or may not require surgery
69
External fixation
uses metal pins attached to compression device outside skin surface
70
Internal fixation
pins, rods, plates, screws etc to immobilize a fracture
71
Anti Osteoporotic
used along with calcium therapy, vitamin D, and estrogen therapy to treat osteoporosis
72
Vertebroplasty
used to treat vertebral fractures
73
Bunionectomy
excision of bunion
74
ostectomy
excision of bone
75
Costectomy
excision of rib
76
Craniotomy
incision into skull
77
Craniectomy
excision of part of the skull
78
Cranioplasty
plastic surgery to repair skull
79
Tendoplasty
surgical repair of tendon
80
Myoplasty
surgical repair of muscle
81
Tenomyoplasty
surgical repair of tendon and muscle
82
Laminectomy
removal of bony posterior arch of vertebra to permit surgical access to disk to allow for removal of herniated material
83
Diskectomy
complete excision of intervertebral disk
84
Spinal puncture
spinal tap
85
Antiinflammatories
used to reduce inflammation and pain, especially NSAIDs
86
Cyclooxygenase-2
COX-2 | reduce inflammation of arthritis and less likely to cause stomach distress and ulcers
87
Antiarthritics
relieve symptoms of arthritis
88
Chondrectomy
excision of cartilage
89
Arthrocentesis
excessive fluid can accumulate in a synovial joint and this is used to remove that fluid
90
Myelosuppression
decreased bone marrow function

NURS 242 (6 decks)

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