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NURS 242 > Med Term - 6: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Med Term - 6: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

A

protection
support
movement

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2
Q

Bones are essential in what?

A

hematopoiesis
storage of fat in bone marrow
storage and release of calcium

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3
Q

What is orthopedics?

A

prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

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4
Q

Why do bones block x-rays?

A

calcium is radiopaque

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5
Q

What are the major bone divisions?

A

skull
spinal column
breastbone
ribs

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6
Q

What is cartilage?

A

specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic, strong, and can withstand pressure and tension

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7
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle?

A

cardiac
smooth
skeletal

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8
Q

Fascia

A

covers, supports, and separates muscles

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9
Q

Tendons

A

attach muscles to bones

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10
Q

Joint

A

place of union between two or more bones

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11
Q

Where are synovial joints located?

A

in the cavities between bones

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bones or cartilage

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13
Q

What diseases have unknown causes?

A

fatigue syndrome
fibromyalgia
myofibrosis
myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

widespread non-particular pain of torso, extremities, face

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15
Q

Myofibrosis

A

tissue replaced by fibrous tissue

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16
Q

Myoasthenia gravis

A

fatgiue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in nerve impulse conduction

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17
Q

What are the various stress and trauma injuries?

A 
dislocation
fracture
sprain
strain
herniated disks
paraplegia
quadriplegia/tetraplegia
paresis
paraparesis
quadra/tetraparesis
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18
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement of bone from a joint

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19
Q

Fracture

A

broken bone

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20
Q

Sprain

A

injury to joint that causes pain and disability

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21
Q

Strain

A

excessive use of body resulting in injury or trauma due to contraction or excessive stretch

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22
Q

Herniated Disks

A

occurs when vertebrae become diseased and rupture

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23
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower portion of body and both legs

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24
Q

Quadri/tetraplegia

A

paralysis of arms and legs

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25
Q

Paresis

A

motor weakness or partial paralysis

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26
Q

Paraparesis

A

partial paralysis of lower limbs

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27
Q

Quadra/Tetraparesis

A

affects all four extremities

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28
Q

What are the various infections of the musculoskeletal system?

A

cellulitis
osteitis
osteomyelitis
osteochondritis

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29
Q

Cellulitis

A

acute, spreading inflammation of deep subcutaneous tissue

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30
Q

Osteitis

A

inflammation of bone

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31
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone and bone marrow caused by infectious organisms

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32
Q

ostechondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage that attacks ossification centers

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33
Q

What are the two types of tumors?

A

primary

secondary

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34
Q

Primary tumor

A

originates in bone

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35
Q

Secondary tumor

A

originating in other tissue

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36
Q

Sarcomas

A

cancers that arise from connective tissue

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37
Q

Chondrosarcomas

A

composed of masses of cartilages

38
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor that contains fibrous tissue

39
Q

Leukemias

A

chronic or acute disease of blood-forming tissues, causing unrestrained growth of leukocytes

40
Q

How are leukemias classified?

A

predominant cell types

severity of disease

41
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

presence of many masses in bone marrow that is progressive and fatal

42
Q

Paget Disease

A

osteitis deformans
skeletal disease of elderly persons
chronic bone inflammation

43
Q

What are the types of metabolic disturbances of the musculoskeletal system?

A

osteitis deformans (paget disease)
osteomalacia
spondylomalacia
osteoporosis

44
Q

Osteomalacia

A

reversible skeletal disorder caused by a vitamin D deficiency that affects the mineralization of bone

45
Q

Spondylomalacia

A

softening of the vertebrae

46
Q

Osteoporosis

A

reduced bone mass common in postmenopausal women, sedentary individuals, and those who are using long term steroid therapy

47
Q

What is common in osteoporosis patients

A

Dowager’s hump

48
Q

What are the various congenital defects of the musculoskeletal system?

A 
spina bifida
scoliosis
kyphosis
muscular dystrophy
carniocele
tarsoptosis
49
Q

Spina bifida

A

defective closure of bones of spine

50
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of spine

51
Q

Kyphosis

A

exaggerated curvature of spine from front to back

52
Q

Craniocele

A

hernial protrusion of brain through defect in skull

53
Q

Tarsoptosis

A

flat foot

54
Q

What are the various types of arthritis and connective tissue diseases?

A 
arthritis
osteoarthritis/degenerative joint disease
rheumatoid arthritis
spondyloarthritis
rheumatoid spondylitis
ankylosis
polyarthritis
arthralgia/arthrodynia
bursitis
lupus erythematosus
gout
arthropathy
55
Q

Arthritis

A

any inflammatory condition of joints, characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limited movement

56
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

DJD

loss of articular cartilage that is common in joints that bear weight

57
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

second most common connective tissue disease that is chronic, systemic and often results in joint deformities in hands and feet

58
Q

Rheumatism

A

acute chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles, pain in joints and associated structures

59
Q

Spondyloarthritis

A

inflammation of vertebrae, arthritis of spine

60
Q

Rheumatoid spondylitis

A

causes inflammation of cartilage between vertebrae and may cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse

61
Q

Ankylosis

A

immobile and stiff joint that can occur in spine

62
Q

Polyarthritis

A

inflammation of more than one joint

63
Q

Arthralgia/Arthrodynia

A

painful joint

64
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa that may not include inflammation of actual joint

65
Q

LupusErythematosus

A

autoimmue diease that involves connectie tissue and commonly is first identified by the butterfly rash

66
Q

Gout

A

hereditary acute arthritis that causes inflammation of joints (feet, knee)

67
Q

Arthropathy

A

any disease of a joint

68
Q

Reduction

A

returning fractures to normal positions and may or may not require surgery

69
Q

External fixation

A

uses metal pins attached to compression device outside skin surface

70
Q

Internal fixation

A

pins, rods, plates, screws etc to immobilize a fracture

71
Q

Anti Osteoporotic

A

used along with calcium therapy, vitamin D, and estrogen therapy to treat osteoporosis

72
Q

Vertebroplasty

A

used to treat vertebral fractures

73
Q

Bunionectomy

A

excision of bunion

74
Q

ostectomy

A

excision of bone

75
Q

Costectomy

A

excision of rib

76
Q

Craniotomy

A

incision into skull

77
Q

Craniectomy

A

excision of part of the skull

78
Q

Cranioplasty

A

plastic surgery to repair skull

79
Q

Tendoplasty

A

surgical repair of tendon

80
Q

Myoplasty

A

surgical repair of muscle

81
Q

Tenomyoplasty

A

surgical repair of tendon and muscle

82
Q

Laminectomy

A

removal of bony posterior arch of vertebra to permit surgical access to disk to allow for removal of herniated material

83
Q

Diskectomy

A

complete excision of intervertebral disk

84
Q

Spinal puncture

A

spinal tap

85
Q

Antiinflammatories

A

used to reduce inflammation and pain, especially NSAIDs

86
Q

Cyclooxygenase-2

A

COX-2

reduce inflammation of arthritis and less likely to cause stomach distress and ulcers

87
Q

Antiarthritics

A

relieve symptoms of arthritis

88
Q

Chondrectomy

A

excision of cartilage

89
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

excessive fluid can accumulate in a synovial joint and this is used to remove that fluid

90
Q

Myelosuppression

A

decreased bone marrow function

NURS 242 (6 decks)

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