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NURS 242 > Med Term - 12: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Med Term - 12: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

THINK DERMA
D vitamin synthesis
Elimination of waste via sweat
Regulation of temperature via sweat
Makes external stimuli available to brain
Acts as a barrier to moisture loss, microbes, UV light

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2
Q

Scleroprotein

A

Hard protein

Insoluble in most solvents

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3
Q

In embryology, dermatome means

A

Layer in embryonic development that gives rise to dermal layers of skin

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4
Q

In surgery, dermatome means

A

Instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting

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5
Q

In anatomy, dermatome means

A

Skin surface area supplied by nerves

C, T, L, S

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6
Q

What are the accessory skin structures?

A

Hair
nails
Sebaceous glands
sweat glands

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7
Q

Another name for sweat glands are?

A

Sudoriferous glands

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8
Q

What is a skin lesion?

A

Any localized abnormality of the skin

also includes swelling, changes of shape

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9
Q

What is the benign skin lesion often found in older patients?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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10
Q

What are the main structures of the skin?

A

epidermis

dermis

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11
Q

Characteristics of the epidermis

A

avascular

thin upper layer

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12
Q

Characteristics of the dermis

A

vascular
thick lower layer
hair follicles, nerves, glands, finger-like projections that create fingerprints

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13
Q

Characteristics of the very top layer of the epidermis?

A

dead
keratinized
sheds constantly

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14
Q

Keratin is also known as what type of protein?

A

scleroprotein

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15
Q

What causes the erection of hair on the skin?

A

pilomotor muscles

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16
Q

What is the origin of the skin in embryonic development?

A

ectoderm

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17
Q

What are the two types of lesions?

A

primary

secondary

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18
Q

Primary Lesion

A

initial reaction to an underlying problem that changes the structural components of the skin

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19
Q

Circumscribed lesion

A

lesion that is well defined

circle can be drawn around it

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20
Q

Verucca

A

benign warty skin caused by virus

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21
Q

What is the most common type of verucca?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

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22
Q

What are the two most common types of HSV?

A

HSV-1 = fever blisters

Herpes zoster = shingles

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23
Q

Cyst

A

sac filled with fluid or semisolid matter

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24
Q

Nodule

A

solid lesion more than 1 cm deep

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25
Q

What is the difference between a cyst and a nodule?

A

cyst is fluid filled and a nodule is solid

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26
Q

Macule

A

nonraised
discolored spot
FRECKLE

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27
Q

Papule

A

raised lesion
< 1 cm
MOLE

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28
Q

What is the difference between a macule and a papule?

A

a macule is nonraised and discolored

papule is raised

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29
Q

Plaque

A

elevated
circumscribed patches
>1 cm in diameter

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30
Q

Vesicle

A

blister less than 1 cm

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31
Q

Bullae

A

blister more than 1 cm

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32
Q

What is the difference between a vesicle and a pustule?

A

vesicle is filled with clear fluid and a pustule is filled with pus

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33
Q

Pustule

A

vesicle filled with cloudy fluid or pus

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34
Q

What are the types of primary skin lesions? (9)

A 
bullae
vesicle
pustule
macule
papule
wheal
plaque
nodule
cyst
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35
Q

Wheal

A

elevated
irregularly shaped
seen in urticaria / HIVES

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36
Q

Secondary Lesion

A

changes in appearance of primary lesion

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37
Q

What are the types of secondary lesions? (4)

A

atrophy
ulcer
fissure
scales

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38
Q

Atrophy

A

thinning of skin

stretch marks

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39
Q

Ulcer

A

deep
irregular
erodes into dermis

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40
Q

Fissure

A

cracks in epidermis

athletes foot

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41
Q

Scales

A

dried pieces of shed epidermis

white, irregular in size and shape

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42
Q

What are the different types of injury to the skin? (6)

A 
laceration
incision
puncture
burn 
abrasion
contusion
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43
Q

Laceration

A

torn, jagged wound

44
Q

Incision

A

smooth, precisely cut wound

45
Q

Puncture

A

wound made by piercing

46
Q

Abrasion

A

skin is scraped or rubbed away by friction

47
Q

Contusion

A

wound that doesn’t break skin but causes swelling and discoloration
BRUISE

48
Q

What is the system that healthcare providers use to determine how much of the body was burned?

A

Rule of Nines

49
Q

What are the percentages designated to each area of the body?

A

9% = head and each arm
18% - each leg and posterior/anterior trunk
1% = perineum

50
Q

What are the 4 burn classifications?

A

superficial
deep partial-thickness
full-thickness
deep full-thickness

51
Q

Superficial burn

A

only epidermis

red, no blisters

52
Q

Deep partial-thickness burn

A

part of dermis

red, moist blisters

53
Q

Full-thickness burn

A

both epidermis and dermis, sometimes subcutaneous
hard, dry, leathery
white, deep red, black, brown, yellow coloring

54
Q

Deep full-thickness burn

A

no skin layers remain, bone and muscle exposed

55
Q

What are the different types of skin disorders? (24)

A 
abscess
albinism
cellulitis
contact dermatitis
cyanosis
dermatitis
discoid lupus erythematosus
frostbite
furuncle
hypopigmentation
ichthyosis
lipoma
lyme disease
malignant melanoma
mycodermatitis
necrosis
pediculosis 
peterchiae
psoriasis
scabies
scleroderma
skin cancer
urticaria
xerosis
56
Q

Abscess

A

cavity that contains pus

57
Q

Albinism

A

congenital absence of normal pigmentation

58
Q

Cellulitis

A

acute infection of skin and subcutaneous

redness, local heat, swelling

59
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

skin rash from contact to irritant (poision ivy, nickel in jewelry etc)

60
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin

61
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammatory condition of skin

62
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

A

chronic disorder characterized by lesions covered with scales

63
Q

Frostbite

A

damage to skin, tissue, and blood vessels caused by prolonged exposure to cold

64
Q

Furuncle

A

localized infection originating in follicle or gland
pain, redness, swelling
BOIL

65
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

decreased tissue pigmentation

66
Q

Ichthyosis

A

dry, scaling skin resembling fish skin

67
Q

Lipoma

A

benign tumor composed of fat cells

68
Q

Lyme disease

A

passed on from infected tick

red macule or papule appears and is followed by flu-like symptoms

69
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

malignant tumors that start in the skin

contain melanocytes

70
Q

Mycodermatitis

A

inflammation of skin caused by fungus

71
Q

Necrosis

A

death of areas of damaged or diseased tissue surrounded by healthy tissue

72
Q

Pediculosis

A

lice infestation

73
Q

Petechiae

A

purple or red spots from hemorrhages

74
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic disorder

circumscribed patches covered by thick, scaly skin

75
Q

Scabies

A

contagious dermatitis caused by itch mite

76
Q

Scleroderma

A

chronic hardening/thickening of skin

77
Q

Urticaria

A

HIVES

78
Q

Xerosis

A

irritation of skin characterized by excessive dryness

79
Q

What are the disorders of the accessory skin structures? (8)

A 
acne vulgaris
folliculitis 
hidradenitis
onychomycosis
onychopathy
seborrhea
seborrheic dermatitis 
trichosis
80
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

skin condition that presents itself in blackheads, whiteheads, and pus-filled regions
caused by hyperactive sebaceous glands

81
Q

Folliculitis

A

inflammation of hair follicle

82
Q

Hidradenitis

A

inflammation of sweat gland caused by occlusion of pores and bacterial infection

83
Q

Onychomycosis

A

fungal condition of nail

84
Q

Onychopathy

A

any disease of nail

85
Q

Seborrhea

A

excess production of sebum

86
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

inflammatory condition that starts at scalp

DANDRUFF

87
Q

Trichosis

A

any abnormal hair growth

baldness or excessive hair growth

88
Q

What are some surgical and therapeutic skin interventions? (15)

A 
wound irrigation
liposuction
transdermal drug use
collagen injections 
topical medications
antimicrobials
antiperpirants
biopsy
cryosurgery
curettage
debridement
dermabrasion
electrolysis
electrosurgery
tattoo removal
89
Q

Wound irrigation

A

flushing of open wound to cleanse and remove debris

90
Q

Liposuction

A

removal of localized fat

91
Q

Collagen injections

A

fills flattened areas of skin
requires consisten treatment
similar to BOTOX

92
Q

Topical medications

A

applied to unbroken skin

93
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

inhibits growth of bacteria

94
Q

Bactericidal

A

kills bacteria

95
Q

Asepsis

A

absence of infection

96
Q

Sepsis

A

presence of infection

97
Q

Transdermal drugs

A

administered to unbroken skin and is later absorbed into the bloodstream
estrogen, nicotine

98
Q

Antimicrobial

A

meds applied to broken skin to prevent infection

99
Q

Antiperspirants

A

act against perspiration

100
Q

Biopsy

A

removal of small piece of skin for microscopic examination

101
Q

Cryosurgery

A

use of subfreezing temps to destroy tissue

102
Q

Curettage

A

scraping of skin to remove abnormal tissue

103
Q

Debridement

A

removal of foreign material or damaged tissue

104
Q

Dermabrasion

A

revolving brushes used to treat superficial scars

105
Q

Electrolysis

A

destruction via electric current

106
Q

Electrosurgery

A

high-frequency electric current instruments used to destroy skin lesions

107
Q

Tattoo Removal

A

either dermabrasion or laser removal

NURS 242 (6 decks)

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