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NURS 242 > Chapter 13: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

stores and processes information
stimulates movement
detects change
helps maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What are afferent receptors?

A

detect changes that take place in or outside the body and report them to brain

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3
Q

Efferent receptors

A

brain’s response to afferent receptor message

causes effect in muscles and glands

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

under voluntary control

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary control

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6
Q

Two divisions of autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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7
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight or flight

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8
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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9
Q

CNS

A

brain

spinal cord

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10
Q

PNS

A

connects brain and spinal cord with receptors, muscles, glands etc allowing for detection and response to sensations

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11
Q

Two cells of the nervous system

A

neurons

neuroglia

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12
Q

Neurons

A

conduct impulses to and from nervous system

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13
Q

Dendrites

A

transmit impulses to cell body

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14
Q

Axon

A

carries impulses away from cell body

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15
Q

Myelin sheath

A

allows for faster transmission of impulses

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16
Q

Neurolemma

A

outermost layer of axon

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17
Q

Neuroglia

A

supporting tissue cells of NS
provide support and protection
can be replaced, but entire axon cannot

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18
Q

CSF

A

protection for brain and spinal cord

produced by ventricles and meninges

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19
Q

Meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

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20
Q

Major structures of the brain

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum

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21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

communicates directly with pituitary

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22
Q

Brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

convoluted layer that covers both cranial hemispheres

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24
Q

What is the frontal lobe associated with

A

personality
behavior
emotion
intellectual function

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25
Q

What are the temporal lobes associated with

A

hearing

smell

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26
Q

What are the occipital lobes associated with

A

vision

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27
Q

What are the parietal lobes associated with

A

language

general function of sensation

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28
Q

How many nerves are part of the spinal cord?

A

31

all named after their place/region on the spinal cord

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29
Q

What are the regions of the spinal cord

A 
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
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30
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

two nerves bound together

largest nerve in the body

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31
Q

Neuroglia along the sciatic nerve are called what

A

sciatica

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32
Q

Electroencephalography

A

recording and analysis of electrical activity in the brain

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33
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

report made from electroencephalography

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34
Q

What may be required to fromally diagnose brain death?

A

electroencephalography

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35
Q

What tests are used to assess structural changes of the brain and spinal cord

A

MRI
CT
scans using radioispotopes

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36
Q

CT is especially helpful in diagnosing what

A

brain tumors

head injuries

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37
Q

Three types of hematoma

A

subdural
epidural
intracerebral

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38
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater

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39
Q

Epidrual hematoma

A

accumulation of blood in epidural space (space outside the dura mater)

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40
Q

Intracerebral hematoma

A

bleeding within the brain

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41
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A

normal blood supply to brain is disrupted

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42
Q

What does CVA result in?

A

insufficient oxygen due to hemorrhage, occlusion or constriction of blood vessels

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43
Q

What may occur after a CVA

A

paralysis
weakeness
speechdefect
death

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44
Q

Transient ischemic attaack

A

brief interruption of cerebral blood flow

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45
Q

What are the symptoms of TIA

A

vision disturbance
dizziness
weakness
numbness

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46
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the skull

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47
Q

What does hydrocephalus lead to

A

increased intracranial pressure

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48
Q

Cerebral aneurysm

A

localizaed dilation of the wall of cerebral artery

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49
Q

Arkinesia

A

complete or partial loss of muscle movement

50
Q

Anesthesia

A

partial or complete loss of sensation with or without consciousness due to injury, disease, or doctoral administration

51
Q

Aphagia

A

inability or refusal to swallow

aversion to eating because swallowing is painful

52
Q

Bradykinesia

A

abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of physical or mental processes

53
Q

Brain tumor

A

neoplasm of intracranial portion of CNS

may be primary or secondary

54
Q

Cephalalgia

A

headache

55
Q

Cerebral concussion

A

loss of consciousness (temporary or prolonged) due to blow to the head

56
Q

Cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain tissue

57
Q

Cerebral hemorrhage

A

result of supture of sclerosed, diseased, or injured blood vessels

58
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

brain disorder
paralysis, lack of coordination,
result of developmental defects or birth trauma

59
Q

Coma

A

unconsciousness in which the patient can’t be awakened from

60
Q

Diplegia

A

paralysis that affects like parts on both sides of the body

61
Q

Dyslexia

A

inability to read, write, or spell words despite ability to see and recognize letters

62
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowin

due to obstruction or disorder of esophagus

63
Q

Dysphasia

A

speech impairment caused by lesion in brain

lack of coordination and failure to arrange words properly

64
Q

Electromyography

A

prep, study, and interpretation of electromyogram

65
Q

Electromyogram

A

graphic record of contraction of muscle following electrical stimulation

66
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain

67
Q

Encephalocele

A

hernial protrusion of brain through congenital or traumatic opening

68
Q

Encephalomalacia

A

softening of the brain

69
Q

Encephalomeningitis

A

inflammation of the brain and meninges

70
Q

Encephalopathy

A

any disease of the brain

71
Q

Epilepsy

A

group of neurologic diseases characterized by convulsive seizures, loss of consciousness, sensory disturbances or all of the above

72
Q

What is common in epiliepsy?

A

uncontrolled electrical discharge

73
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

74
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

abnormal increase in motor function or activity

75
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

76
Q

Meningocele

A

herniation of the meninges via defect in skull or spinal cord

77
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

chronic CNS disease with progressive destruction of myelin sheath, and resulting scar tissue interferes with normal nerve impulse

78
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

disease characterized by muscle weakness and excessive fatigue

79
Q

Myelitis

A

inflammation of bone marrow or spinal cord

80
Q

Myelography

A

radiographic image of spinal cord via injection of radiopaque substance

81
Q

Narcolepsy

A

sleep attacks

82
Q

Neuralgia

A

pain along course of nerve

83
Q

Neuritis

A

inflammation of nerve

84
Q

Neuropathy

A

disease of a nerve

85
Q

Parkinson disease

A

chronic disease characterized by fine, slowly spreading tremore, muscular weakness, rigidity, and abnormal gait

86
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

any functional or organic disorder of PNS

87
Q

shingles

A

herpes zoster

acute infectious eruption of vesicles along path of peripheral nerve

88
Q

Psychosomatic

A

pertaining to mind-body relationship

having physical symptoms of emotional origin

89
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A

impairments of growth and development of brain and CNS

90
Q

Dementia

A

progressive mental disorder

chronic personality disintegration, confusion, disorientation, deterioration of intellectual capacity and function

91
Q

Alzheimer Disease

A

progressive mental deterioration with confusion, restlessness, speech disturbances, inability to carry out essential movements

92
Q

Autism

A

withdrawal and impaired development in social interaction and communication

93
Q

ADD and ADHD

A

short attention span, poor concentration and hyperactivity in ADHD

94
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

hyperactivity

95
Q

Neurosis

A

former name for disorders in which they are distressing to the person, reality testing intact, and behavior does not violate social norms

96
Q

What are some examples of neurosis

A 
anxiety
dissociation
mood disorders
sexual disorders
somatoform disorders
97
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

anticipation of impending danger and dread

source unknown

98
Q

Psychobioligcal response

A

involves both mind and body

99
Q

PTSD

A

acute emotional response following a traumatic event

100
Q

Panic attack

A

acute anxiety episode that produces feeling of intense terror, dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, trembling, chest pains

101
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

split in personality resulting in identity confusion

102
Q

OCD

A

anxiety disorder characterized by obsession, consuming thoughts, feelings, or ideas, that interfere with normal daily life

103
Q

Obsession

A

persistent thought or idea that cannot be reasoned

104
Q

Compulsion

A

irresistible impulse

105
Q

Phobias

A

obsessive, irrational fear

106
Q

Anaorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder associated with emotional stress, characterized by prolonged refusal to eat which causes wasting, body image issues, phobia of becoming obese

107
Q

Bulimia

A

insatiable desire for food, then excessive consumption, followed by purging

108
Q

Mood disorder

A

disturbance in mood

depression, mania, bipolar

109
Q

Clinical depression

A

abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, despair discouragement etc

110
Q

Mania

A

unstable emotional state that involves excessive excitement, elation etc

111
Q

Megalomania

A

someone believes themself to be of great importance and power

112
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

mental disorder characterized by manic episodes and then mahor depressive episodes

113
Q

Sexual disorders

A

sexual instincts are expressed in ways that are not socially acceptable

114
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

characterized by symptoms suggesting physical illness or disease for which there are no physiological dysfunction

115
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

patients must have one or more chronic somatic symptoms that cause preoccupation or fear

116
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

patients have heightened bodily sensations, anxiousness about possibly having disease, devote excessive time and energy to this, and may or may not have a medical condition

117
Q

Neuroasthenia

A

often associated with depressive state, may be psychosomatic, weakness and nervous exhaustion

118
Q

Psychosomatic disorders

A

emotional states that influence physical body’s functioning

119
Q

Pseudomania

A

false mental disorder

120
Q

Pseudoplegia

A

hysterical paralysis

121
Q

Psychosis

A

major mental disorder
gross impairment of reality testing
individual incorrectly evaluates accuracy of thoughts or preceptions

122
Q

Schizophrenia

A

distortion of reality, hallucinations, disturbances of language and communication, disorganized and catatonic behavior

NURS 242 (6 decks)

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