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NURS 242 > Chapter 14: Special Sense Organs > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Special Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors

A

sensory nerve endings that respond to stimulus

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2
Q

Sense organs

A

eyes, nose, ears, mouth, skin

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3
Q

Pupil

A

light enters here and the muscles of the iris constrict and dilate to regulate light exposure

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4
Q

Iris

A

colored part of the eye

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5
Q

Sclera

A

tough outer layer, white eyeball

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6
Q

Accessory organs of the eye

A

muscle, fascia, eyebrows, eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands

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7
Q

Conjunctiva

A

lines inner portion of eyelid and protects part of the eye that is exposed

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8
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

produce and store tears

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9
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

tears pass through these small openings

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10
Q

Nasolacrimal sac

A

connection between lacrimal and nasolacrimal

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11
Q

Pathway of a tear

A 
produced in lacrimal glands
wash over eyeball
pass into lacrimal ducts
drain into nasolacrimal sac
pass into nasolacrimal duct for drainage
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12
Q

Cornea

A

transparent film at front of eyeball that bends/refracts light to shift focus to proper receptor cell in eye

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13
Q

Choroid

A

dark brown membrane inside sclera that is continuous with iris and ciliary body

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14
Q

Ciliary body

A

surround outside of lens to allow for change in chape and thickness of lens
secretes acqueous humor

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15
Q

Refraction

A

flattening of lens (distant vision)

rounding of lens (close)

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16
Q

Accommodation

A

refractory adjustment for close vision

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17
Q

Anterior chamber

A

area that contains acqueous humor

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18
Q

Vitreous chamber

A

filled with soft jelly material called vitreous humor

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19
Q

Escape of what fluid could cause considerable damage to eye

A

vitreous humor

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20
Q

Retina

A

nervous tissue membrane of the eye
continuous with optic nerve
enables vision

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21
Q

Optic disc

A

region where optic nerve meets retina

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22
Q

Which area of the eye does not contain light receptors?

A

optic disc

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23
Q

Rods

A

responsible for peripheral vision
night vision
motion detection

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24
Q

Cones

A

three types function in bright light

color and central vision

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25
Q

Most cases of color blindness affect which color receptor cones?

A

red and green

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26
Q

Daltonism

A

weakness in perceiving colors distinctly

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27
Q

Achromatic vision

A

total color blindness

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28
Q

Snellen chart

A

tests clarness or sharpness of vision
normal vision is 20/20
top number is feet patient is standing from chart, bottom number is number of feet a normal person would be from the chart

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29
Q

Opthalmometer

A

instrument used to measure eye, specifically the cornea

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30
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness

parallel rays entering eye are focused in front of retina

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31
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsightedness
inability of eye to focus on nearby objects
rays of light brought to focus behind retina

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32
Q

Astigmatism

A

distortion of curvature of lens or cornea

results in uneven focusing

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33
Q

Tonometry

A

measurement of intraocular pressure, usually after numbing eye

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34
Q

Mydriatic

A

agent that dilates pupils

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35
Q

Presbyopia

A

hyperopia and impairment of vision due to age

36
Q

Accommodation reflex

A

ability of eye to adjust to variations in distance

37
Q

Fluorescein angiography

A

uses fluorescein to examine movement of blood through eye

38
Q

Amblyopia

A

reduced vision in one eye
not correctable by glasses
corrected by eye patch
aka strabismus

39
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid

40
Q

Cataract

A

progressive condition of lens characterized by loss of transparency

41
Q

Achromatopsia

A

profound inability to see color

42
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

43
Q

Glaucoma

A

abnormal increased pressure in eye, which can cause damage to retina and optic nerve

44
Q

Hordelum

A

sty

45
Q

Macular degeneration

A

progressive deterioration of retina associated with new vessel fromation that can progress to blindness

46
Q

Nyctalopia

A

poor vision at night or in dim light

47
Q

Photophobia

A

excessive sensitivity to light

48
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of upper eyelid

49
Q

Retinal detachment

A

separation of retina from choroid, usually from tear or hole in retina

50
Q

Retinopathy

A

disease of the retina

51
Q

Iridectomy

A

surgical removal of part of iris to allow for proper drainage in glaucoma patients

52
Q

Cerumen

A

ear wax

53
Q

How is the ear divided

A

external, middle, internal

54
Q

External ear

A

visible part of ear

ends at tympanic membrane

55
Q

Middle ear

A

air filled cavity containing ossicles

56
Q

Internal ear

A

contains cochlea and semicircular canals

57
Q

What are the ossicles in the middle ear

A

malleus
incus
stapes

58
Q

What contains receptors for sense of balance?

A

semicircular canals

59
Q

Semicircular canals

A

fluid-filled vanals that open into cochlea

60
Q

Cochlea

A

spiral tunnel resembling snail shell

61
Q

Eustachian tube

A

leads from middle ear to pharnx

can prevent damage to tympanic membrane by equalizing pressure

62
Q

Otoscopic examination

A

examination of ear using otoscope

63
Q

Audiologist

A

detects and evaluates hearing loss

64
Q

Audiometer

A

electronic device for measuring hearing

65
Q

Audiogram

A

record produced by audiometer

66
Q

Deafness

A

inability to hear

67
Q

Tuning fork test

A

Weber’s test

tests auditory nerve and ability of ear structures to conduct sound waves to inner ear

68
Q

Otitis

A

inflammation of ear

69
Q

Otorrhea

A

may contain blood, pus, or spinal fluid

70
Q

Otalgia

A

pain in the ear

71
Q

Otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

72
Q

Myringitis

A

inflammation of tympanic membrane

73
Q

Mastoiditis

A

infection of one of the mastoid bones of the skull, usually extension of middle ear infection

74
Q

Otitis externa

A

external ear infection often caused by fungus

75
Q

Otomycosis

A

otitis externa

76
Q

Otitis interna

A

inner ear infection

77
Q

Otosclerosis

A

hardening of the ear

78
Q

Tinnitus

A

noise in the ear

either from accummulation of cerumen or something more complex

79
Q

Vertigo

A

dizziness

80
Q

Cochlear implant

A

used in complete hearing loss

electrically stimulates cochlea

81
Q

Otoplasty

A

srugical repair of the ear

82
Q

Tympanostomy

A

surgical creation of opening in tympanic membrane to allow for drainage

83
Q

Ceruminolytics

A

medications used to soften and break down ear wax

84
Q

Nociceptors

A

pain receptors

85
Q

Olfaction

A

sense of smell

86
Q

Olfactory

A

pertaining to sense of smell

87
Q

Anosmia

A

loss or impairment of sense of smell

NURS 242 (6 decks)

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