Med Surge Exam 2 Flashcards
Where are most body fluids found? Intracellular Interstitial Intravascular Transcellular
Correct Answer: 1
A patient with skin tenting and decreased urine output is most likely experiencing which fluid or electrolyte disorder? Hypernatremia Hypocalcemia Fluid excess Dehydration
Correct Answer: 4
Which electrolyte is most critical to healthy cardiac rhythm? Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium
Correct Answer: 3
Which interventions are appropriate to a patient with fluid excess? Select all that apply. Monitor weight. Place in Fowler position. Administer I V fluids. Encourage ambulation. Restrict fluid and sodium.
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 5
What are good food sources of calcium? Select all that apply. Canned tuna Canned salmon Spinach Yogurt Whole grains
Correct Answer: 2, 3, 4
Which patient assessment findings indicate fluid excess? Select all that apply. Warmth at I V site Bounding pulse Profuse sweating Crackles in lungs Elevated temperature
Correct Answer: 2, 4
What is the best intervention to correct a clotted I V cannula? Flush the cannula with heparin. Flush the cannula with saline. “Milk” the I V tubing. Remove and replace the cannula.
Correct Answer: 4
Which I V fluid is hypertonic? 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride Normal saline 0.33% sodium chloride Lactated Ringer’s solution
Correct Answer: 1
Which I V medication can cause a life-threatening arrhythmia? Saline Magnesium Furosemide Potassium
Correct Answer: 4
Which of these is a purpose of surgery? Select all that apply. Preventive Diagnostic Exploratory Emergency Curative Palliative
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Which of these describes the postoperative phase of surgery?
Decision for surgery until transfer to surgery
Transfer to surgery until transfer to P A C U
P A C U through recovery
Provision of home health care
Correct Answer: 3
Which of these criteria apply to informed consent? Select all that apply.
Gives legal permission for surgery
Informed consent physician’s responsibility
Not sedated when signing
Voluntary
Cannot be withdrawn
Valid for 3 months
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of these activities can help prevent postoperative respiratory complications? Select all that apply. Deep breathing and coughing Incentive spirometry Early ambulation Leg exercises Hand squeezes
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Which of these must be included in the discharge teaching process? Select all that apply.
Complications to report to health care provider
C P R training for family
Instructions provided in writing
Instructions signed by patient/family
Medications explained
Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5
gerontological issues
dehydration
as people age there total body water decreases.
assess for Confusion.
signs of dehydration
cloudy urine
dry mucous membranes
skin tenting
change in mental status is a sign
of a serous underlying condition
common sources of sodium
cheese burger, pork, turkey breast, canned pasta,
common sources of pottasium
potato, white beans, sweet potato, salmon, plain yogurt, tomato juice, orange juice, and bananna
sodium levels
135 to 145 mEq/L
potassium levels
3.5 to 5 mEq/L
magnesium levels
1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
calcium levels
8.5 to 10.5
a pt will experience with metabolic acidosis
decreased BP,
hyperkalemia,
and flushed skin
respiratory alkalosis
low level of carbon dioxide in the blood due to breathing excessively
medication to someone with fluid overload
furosemide( lasix)
diauretic meds
bumex
hydrochlorothiazide
what solution is the same as blood
normal saline
diagnostic tests
BUN
Creatinine
Potassium
s/s of fluid excess
swelling
high blood pressure
SOB
Chvostek and trousseau signs are
indicative of hypocalcemia
the face twitches when tapped
spasms of the hand and wrist
patho and etiology of hypovalemia
depletion of intravascular volume
signs of hyperglycemia
polyuria excessive thirst confusion dizziness burred vision
complications of peripheral IV therapy
Phlebitis, hypervolemia, and infection
portacath who would benefit
yes to a patient on chemo
yes to a child with a chronic illness
there is precipitate in piggy back IV line. What do you do? What is happening?
the meds may not be compatible
stop it and alert someone
patient has IV running and you auscultate crackles
elevate the HOB
the difference between a micro drip and macro drip
the tubing
pt is npo for surgery but has a med that needs to be taken? What do you do?
get an order to change the route
glucose needs to be lowered before
surgery
how to teach patient to do incentive spirometry and leg exercises
sit upright take two normal breathes inhale until target exhale completely perform ten sets
and
sit down flex foot extend leg and lower it do sets of five
how to do a timeout
an immediate pause by the entire surgical team to confirm the correct patient, procedure, and site,
pt ate three hours before surgery
call the surgeon
malignant hyperthermia
the condition of rising body temperature when put under anesthesia
types of surgery
emergency, urgent, elective, and optional
when to give an UVG antibiotic before surgery?
1 hour prior to surgery
surgical procedure suffixes ectomy orrhaphy oscopy ostomy plasty
removal by cutting suture or repair looking into formation of artificial opening incision formation or repair
know IV push meds
important lab values for surgery
cbc
bmp
ekg
pt-inr
clinical manifestations for hypokalemia
Palpitations, Paralysis, Constipation, Nausea or vomiting, and Abdominal cramping
the preventative measure for a dvt
drink lots of fluids
compression socks
walking every two hours
