Med Surge Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q
Where are most body fluids found?
Intracellular
Interstitial
Intravascular
Transcellular
A

Correct Answer: 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A patient with skin tenting and decreased urine output is most likely experiencing which fluid or electrolyte disorder?
Hypernatremia
Hypocalcemia
Fluid excess
Dehydration
A

Correct Answer: 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
Which electrolyte is most critical to healthy cardiac rhythm?
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
A

Correct Answer: 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
Which interventions are appropriate to a patient with fluid excess? Select all that apply.
Monitor weight. 
Place in Fowler position.
Administer I V fluids.
Encourage ambulation.
Restrict fluid and sodium.
A

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
What are good food sources of calcium? Select all that apply.
Canned tuna
Canned salmon
Spinach
Yogurt
Whole grains
A

Correct Answer: 2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
Which patient assessment findings indicate fluid excess? Select all that apply.
Warmth at I V site
Bounding pulse
Profuse sweating
Crackles in lungs
Elevated temperature
A

Correct Answer: 2, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
What is the best intervention to correct a clotted I V cannula?
Flush the cannula with heparin.
Flush the cannula with saline.
“Milk” the I V tubing.
Remove and replace the cannula.
A

Correct Answer: 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
Which I V fluid is hypertonic?
5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride
Normal saline
0.33% sodium chloride
Lactated Ringer’s solution
A

Correct Answer: 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
Which I V medication can cause a life-threatening arrhythmia?
Saline
Magnesium
Furosemide
Potassium
A

Correct Answer: 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
Which of these is a purpose of surgery? Select all that apply.
Preventive
Diagnostic 
Exploratory 
Emergency
Curative 
Palliative
A

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of these describes the postoperative phase of surgery?
Decision for surgery until transfer to surgery
Transfer to surgery until transfer to P A C U
P A C U through recovery
Provision of home health care

A

Correct Answer: 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of these criteria apply to informed consent? Select all that apply.
Gives legal permission for surgery
Informed consent physician’s responsibility
Not sedated when signing
Voluntary
Cannot be withdrawn
Valid for 3 months

A

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
Which of these activities can help prevent postoperative respiratory complications? Select all that apply.
Deep breathing and coughing 
Incentive spirometry 
Early ambulation 
Leg exercises 
Hand squeezes
A

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of these must be included in the discharge teaching process? Select all that apply.
Complications to report to health care provider
C P R training for family
Instructions provided in writing
Instructions signed by patient/family
Medications explained

A

Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gerontological issues

A

dehydration
as people age there total body water decreases.
assess for Confusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

signs of dehydration

A

cloudy urine
dry mucous membranes
skin tenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

change in mental status is a sign

A

of a serous underlying condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

common sources of sodium

A

cheese burger, pork, turkey breast, canned pasta,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

common sources of pottasium

A

potato, white beans, sweet potato, salmon, plain yogurt, tomato juice, orange juice, and bananna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sodium levels

A

135 to 145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

potassium levels

A

3.5 to 5 mEq/L

22
Q

magnesium levels

A

1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L

23
Q

calcium levels

A

8.5 to 10.5

24
Q

a pt will experience with metabolic acidosis

A

decreased BP,
hyperkalemia,
and flushed skin

25
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

low level of carbon dioxide in the blood due to breathing excessively

26
Q

medication to someone with fluid overload

A

furosemide( lasix)

27
Q

diauretic meds

A

bumex

hydrochlorothiazide

28
Q

what solution is the same as blood

A

normal saline

29
Q

diagnostic tests

A

BUN
Creatinine
Potassium

30
Q

s/s of fluid excess

A

swelling
high blood pressure
SOB

31
Q

Chvostek and trousseau signs are

A

indicative of hypocalcemia
the face twitches when tapped
spasms of the hand and wrist

32
Q

patho and etiology of hypovalemia

A

depletion of intravascular volume

33
Q

signs of hyperglycemia

A
polyuria
excessive thirst
confusion
dizziness
burred vision
34
Q

complications of peripheral IV therapy

A

Phlebitis, hypervolemia, and infection

35
Q

portacath who would benefit

A

yes to a patient on chemo

yes to a child with a chronic illness

36
Q

there is precipitate in piggy back IV line. What do you do? What is happening?

A

the meds may not be compatible

stop it and alert someone

37
Q

patient has IV running and you auscultate crackles

A

elevate the HOB

38
Q

the difference between a micro drip and macro drip

A

the tubing

39
Q

pt is npo for surgery but has a med that needs to be taken? What do you do?

A

get an order to change the route

40
Q

glucose needs to be lowered before

A

surgery

41
Q

how to teach patient to do incentive spirometry and leg exercises

A

sit upright take two normal breathes inhale until target exhale completely perform ten sets
and
sit down flex foot extend leg and lower it do sets of five

42
Q

how to do a timeout

A

an immediate pause by the entire surgical team to confirm the correct patient, procedure, and site,

43
Q

pt ate three hours before surgery

A

call the surgeon

44
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

the condition of rising body temperature when put under anesthesia

45
Q

types of surgery

A

emergency, urgent, elective, and optional

46
Q

when to give an UVG antibiotic before surgery?

A

1 hour prior to surgery

47
Q
surgical procedure suffixes
ectomy
orrhaphy
oscopy
ostomy
plasty
A
removal by cutting
suture or repair
looking into
formation of artificial opening 
incision
formation or repair
48
Q

know IV push meds

A
49
Q

important lab values for surgery

A

cbc
bmp
ekg
pt-inr

50
Q

clinical manifestations for hypokalemia

A

Palpitations, Paralysis, Constipation, Nausea or vomiting, and Abdominal cramping

51
Q

the preventative measure for a dvt

A

drink lots of fluids
compression socks
walking every two hours