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study sets > med surg exam 6 > Flashcards

med surg exam 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Know what causes a functional intestinal obstruction

A
  • tumor, adhesions, incarcerated, strangulated hernias, volvulus
    -ABDOMINAL SURGERY
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2
Q

What can the prolonged use of laxatives cause

A
  • dependence, decrease of muscle tone, and sluggish
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3
Q

Know the characteristics of stimulant laxatives

A
  • acts directly on intestinal mucosa and alters water/ electrolytes
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4
Q

What major issues can prolonged diarrhea cause

A
  • dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, vitamin deficiency
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5
Q

Know what Rovsing’s sign is

A
  • appendicitis
  • pain in the RLQ when palpating the LLQ
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6
Q

What is the surgical procedure for colon cancer located in the lower third of the rectum

A
  • abdominoperineal resection
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7
Q

Know which clients are at higher risk for developing an anorectal abscess

A
  • Common in patients with Crohn Disease
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8
Q

What is an intussusception of the bowel

A
  • telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part
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9
Q

know the nursing intervention for a client with an enlarged abdomen on assessment

A
  • the abdomen appears enlarged, the nurse
    measures it according to a set routine
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10
Q

Know what to do for a patient returning from surgery who is shivering

A
  • cover with a light blanket
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11
Q

Know what to administer to a patient prior to a liver biopsy

A
  • IV administration of Vitamin K to reduce the risk of bleeding
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12
Q

Know what to administer to a patient to detoxify elevated ammonia

A
  • Lactulose
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13
Q

Know what lab to monitor when administering furosemide to a patient

A
  • sodium
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14
Q

Which medication can help dissolve gallstones

A
  • Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) ; chenodiol (chenix)
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA) ; ursodiol (actigall)
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15
Q

What are the central nervous system effects in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver

A
  • Disorientation, confusion, personality changes, and asterixis
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16
Q

What lab study would indicate a patient may have a primary malignant liver tumor

A
  • elevated alpha fetoprotein
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17
Q

Know when to resume normal activity after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

-within 1 week

18
Q

Know what to monitor for a client who has had colostomy surgery

A
  • monitor fluid and electrolyte status
  • volume of gastric secretions (poop bag)
19
Q

What is secreted by the adrenal medulla

A
  • epinephrine
20
Q

Know what anabolic steroids are used for

A
  • promote the development of muscle mass and other maculinizing characteristics
21
Q

What condition is Exophthalmos

A
  • abnormal bulging or protrusion of the eyes
22
Q

How does the nurse palpate the thyroid gland

A
  • the clients head tilted to the side, the examiner displaces the thyroid laterally with their fingers and palpate the thyroid as the client shallows
  • GENTLY - repeated can cause large amounts of thyroid hormones
23
Q

What is the function of oxytocin in the body

A
  • stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus and release of breast milk after childbirth
24
Q

Know which medication is given for hypothyroidism

A
  • levothyroxine
25
Q

What precautions are used when caring for a patient who has been treated with radioactive iodine

A
  • handle bodily fluids carefully
26
Q

Know which intervention is most important for dehydrated client with diabetes insipidus

A
  • to diagnose use CT or MRI
  • need to measure urine output every 30 minutes
27
Q

Know patient teaching for lypressin nasal spray

A
  • teach patient not to inhale spray
28
Q

What lab value would the nurse find for a client with SIADH

A
  • Sodium- decrease osmolarity
  • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiarrheal hormone
29
Q

Know what diagnostic testing is the most reliable for confirming acromegaly

A
  • glucose tolerance test- is the most reliable method of confirming acromegaly in combination with growth hormone
  • big head; over growth of tumor causes pressure leaving headache
30
Q

What are nursing priorities in caring for a client post hypophysectomy

A

-help the client cope with changes in physical appearance, pacing activities to accommodate the client’s fatigue relieving discomfort from headaches, abdominal care and activities when the clients strength and endurance permit

31
Q

Know the teaching for a client hypophysectomy

A
  • avoid drinking from a straw, sneezing, coughing, and bending over to prevent dislodging the graft that seals the operative area between the cranium and nose
32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for diabetes insipidus

A
  • polyuria, weight loss, thirst, weakness, dehydration
33
Q

What is type 2 diabetes

A
  • non-insulin dependent
  • insulin resistance/ insufficient insulin production
  • more common in aging adults
    -being detected in obese children
34
Q

What can eliminate the need for medications for a client with type 2 diabetes

A
  • diet weight loss: major component of treatment exercise
35
Q

What does fruity breathe indicate

A
  • DKA, acetone
36
Q

How does exercise lower blood sugar

A
  • exercise helps metabolize carbohydrates and control blood glucose level. gets glucose into cells w/o insulin
37
Q

Why is rotating injection sites important for clients taking insulin

A

-to prevent lipoatrophy, breakdown of subcutaneous fat the sit of repeated injections

38
Q

What is the immediate action for a diaphoretic client in a stuporous state who is diabetic

A
  • check their blood sugars first
  • bedside glucometer test
39
Q

Why is pancreas transplantation not an option offered to all clients with type 1 diabetes

A
  • type 1 can be managed with insulins and many exerts believe that the risks involved with immunosuppression outweigh the benefits that can be achieved with a pancreas transplant
40
Q

Which is the first actions taken in the management for a client with DKA

A
  • being fluid replacement
41
Q

Which medication is a client with diabetes mellitus at greater risk for developing

A
  • hypoglycemia, uti, skin and vaginal infection

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