med surg 2 ch 37

Question 1

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Answer 1

-diagnostic tests (LP, C&S, CT, Blood culture, CBC)
-nursing managements (ADL assistance in early stages, total dependence in later stages)
-medical managements (Riluzole may slow progression)
-key assessment findings (muscle weakness, atrophy, spasticity, dysphagia, dysarthria

Question 2

Brain Tumor

Answer 2

-classifications (benign or malignant, types of cells, site)
-nursing managements (supporting adverse effects, teaching plan)
-medical managements (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, medication regimen, appointments, nutritional support, home care, rehabilitation, referrals), and assessment findings

Question 3

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 3

-causes (excessive cortisol production), signs and symptoms (weight gain, moon face, hirsutism, muscle weakness)
-diagnostic tests (24-hour urine cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test, late-night salivary cortisol)
-medical managements (surgery, radiation, medications

Question 4

Guillain-Barre

Answer 4

-causes (antibodies attacking Schwann cells)
-signs and symptoms (ascending muscle weakness, paralysis)
-diagnostic tests (LP, nerve conduction studies, EMG)
-medical managements (IV immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, supportive care

Question 5

Increased Intercranial Pressure

Answer 5

-causes (brain trauma, tumors, bleeding)
-signs and symptoms (headache, vomiting, altered mental status)
-nursing managements (positioning, monitoring, interventions)
-medical managements (osmotic diuretics, hyperventilation, surgical interventions)

Question 6

Meningitis/Encephalitis

Answer 6

-causes (bacterial, viral, fungal)
-signs and symptoms (fever, headache, neck stiffness)
-diagnostic tests (LP, blood cultures, imaging)
-medical managements (antibiotics, antivirals, supportive care)

Question 7

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 7

-causes (demyelination, autoimmune)
-signs and symptoms (fatigue, weakness, numbness, vision problems)
-diagnostic tests (MRI, lumbar puncture, evoked potentials)
-medical managements (immunomodulatory drugs, symptom management, rehabilitation)

Question 8

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 8

-causes (autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors)
-signs and symptoms (muscle weakness, ptosis, dysphagia)
-diagnostic tests (Tensilon test, antibody tests)
-medical managements (cholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, thymectomy

Question 9

Parkinsons Disease

Answer 9

-causes (dopamine deficiency)
-signs and symptoms (tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia), -diagnostic tests (clinical assessment, DaTscan)
-medical managements (levodopa, dopamine agonists, deep brain stimulation

Question 10

Regulation Intercranial regulation

Answer 10

-causes (brain trauma, tumors, hydrocephalus)
-signs and symptoms (headache, vomiting, altered mental status)
-nursing managements (positioning, monitoring, interventions)
-medical managements (osmotic diuretics, hyperventilation, surgical interventions

Question 11

Seizures

Answer 11

-classifications (partial/focal, generalized)
-types (absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic)
-phases (preictal, ictal, postictal)
- medical managements (antiepileptic drugs, rescue medications)

Question 12

Trigeminal Neuralgia