Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

VP Exam 1 > Med math & Physio Intro > Flashcards

Med math & Physio Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a drug

A

a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pharmacopoeia

A

grinding the pill and mixing with water to form a syrup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of the interactions of drugs with living systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

clinical pharmacology

A

the application of the preparation of drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

toxicology

A

the study of poisons and their treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

movement of the drug in the body. what the animal foes to the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

four stages of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Absorption

A

from site of administration to the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

distribution

A

from blood stream to the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

metabolism

A

(bitransformation) drug is metabolized into its inactive (sometimes in active) form-usually in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

excretion

A

exiting the body, usually through kidneys or GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

mechanism of action of what the drug does to the animal

once the drug is in the body, where does it act. what receptors does it interact with on a molecular level,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Empirical therapeutics

A

dont have diagnosis yet, treating based on your experience and the signs/symptoms.
waiting for test results to come back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rational therapeutics

A

have test results to confirm diagnosis, can treat according to results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prophylasis

A

action taken to prevent disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

idiosyncratic

A

genetic predisposition that causes an unpredictable reaction to a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

how we use these drugs to treat patients clinically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

General categories of drug sources

A

natural
semisynthetic
synthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

natural (non-synthetic)

A

naturally derived from plants, animals, fungi or bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

semisynthetic

A

natural drug that undergoes some form of a refinement process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

synthetic

A

molecules that mimic something that is found physiologically or naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

alkaloids

A

basic nitrogenous substances that ar insoluble in water
meds end in -ine
have bitter taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

glycosides

A

sugars (saccharides) by flowering plants combines with other organic structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

resins

A

formed by the poymerization of volatile oils
longer shelf life
creates base of a substance that then goes into a liquid or solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gums
sugars (polysaccharidea) by trees
26
tannins
non-nitrogenous plan constituents (ingredients) that produce an astringent effect (precipitate proteins)
27
oils
fixed oils or volatile oils
28
fixed oils
will not evaporate when exposed to air, long shelf life
29
volatile oils
will evaporate when exposed to air, shorter shelf life
30
animal sources
blood, plasma, hormones
31
fungal/ bacterial sources
for antibiotics, fungal is more popular
32
active compounds in plants
alkaloids, glycosides, resins, gums, tannins, fixed oils, volatile oils
33
general routed of administration
local | systemic
34
local routes of administration
topical skin, nasal, ocular, urinary tract, vaginal, rectal, lingual, otic, intramedullary GI tract lining
35
systemic categories of administration
enteral | parenteral
36
systemic-enteral (pro/cons)
passing through intestine. pros: safe, convenient, no infection con: slower onset of action, inactivation by GI tract, palatability, Patient/owner compliance
37
systemic- Parenteral examples
anything outside GI tract. | IV, IM, SQ, IP, TM, IO, inhalation
38
Intravenous pros/cons
Pro: rapid onset, less irritating, can give large volumes con: risk of complications, can irritate veins
39
Intramuscular pro/con
pro: rapidly absorbed, longer duration of action, can give suspensions con: risk of tissue damage, infection at site
40
Subcutaneous Pro/con
pro: slow but constant absorption, longer duration of action, and give at home con: slow onset, can't use irritating drugs, site infection
41
Intraosseous pro/con
Bone marrow pro: fluids flow as well as IV, rapid access for emergencies, useful for tiny patients, can give CPR drugs con: short term use only, can't use all drugs, special equipment required, pain
42
dose
amount of drug given to achieve a certain effect
43
dosage
amount of drug per unit body weight
44
concentration
amount of drug per unit of volume from the stock supply of medication
45
categories of drug products
OTC prescription biologics (vaccines) controlled drugs
46
FDA
oversees drug approval and safety
47
DEA
monitors use of controlled drugs
48
NDC number
10-digit number assigned by DEA | required for all prescription meds
49
NADA number
FDA assigns after new approval
50
components of a prescription
superscription Rx inscription (drug names) subscription (instructions to pharmacist) transcription (instructions for administration) signature of practitioner
51
Required info on a subscription
``` practitioner and clinic info, name of patient, date prescription is written, number of refills, name and strength of med, quantity to be dispensed, directions for use ```
52
Prescriptions for controlled drugs
need to include DEA number level 2= no refill, only 30 day supple level 3-5= up to 5 refills within 6 months
53
JCAHO
Joint Commision on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
54
AMDUCA
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act 1994. | extra-label use
55
FARAD
Food Animal Residues Avoidance Databank. | drugs approved for food animals
56
compounded medication
any drug that has been created by combining or altering ingredients. approved by FDA
57
posology
the study of drug doses
58
dose
amount of drug given to achieve a certain effect
59
dosage
amount of drug per unit body weight
60
therapeutic dose
effective dose or optimal dose
61
effective dose fifty (ED50)
dose that causes therapeutic effect in 50% of the animals
62
effective dose ninety-nine (ED99)
dose that cause therapeutic effect in 99% of the animals
63
toxic dose
produces adverse clinical, hematological, or biochemical changes
64
lethal dose
dose that causes death
65
lethal dose fifty (LD50)
causes death in 50% of animals in experimental group
66
lethal dose one (LD1)
caused death in 1% of animals in an experimental group
67
therapeutic index
ration between LD50/ED50. | larger the index= wider the safety of the drug
68
Standard safety margin (SSM 100%)
percentage dose increase between ED99 & LD1 SSM 100% = (LD1/(ED99-1))x100 or ((LD1-ED99)/ED99) x 100

VP Exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions