General Micro

Question 1

Robert Koch

Answer 1

founder of modern microbio.
worked with TB.
rejected spontaneous generation, and supported the germ theory of disease through anthrax

Question 2

Koch’s postulates

Answer 2

1. microorganism must be found in abundance in diseased organisms only, not healthy.
2. microorganism must isolated and grown in pure culture
3. cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced to a healthy organism
4. microorganism must be re-isolated from the diseased host and identified as being identical to the original causative agent

Question 3

Koch’s postulate #1

Answer 3

abandoned after discovery of asymptomatic carriers of cholera and typhoid

Question 4

Koch’s postulate #2

Answer 4

can be suspended for certain microorganisms that can’t be grown in pure culture, such as prions

Question 5

Koch’s postulate #3

Answer 5

not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will acquire the infection, found through TB and cholera

Question 6

Joseph Lister

Answer 6

Father of antiseptic surgery.
used carbolic acid (phenol)
developed system of antiseptic surgery to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds. introduced clean gowns and insisted on hand washing

Question 7

Edward Jenner

Answer 7

started modern era of vaccines and vaccination by using cowpox as a vaccination against smallpox

Question 8

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

Answer 8

‘variolation’ used live smallpox virus taken from a blister

Question 9

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 9

father of modern pathology; founder of social medicine and veterinary pathology.
cell theory: every cell stems from another cell.
noted link between diseases of humans and animals= zoonosis

Question 10

Alexander Fleming

Answer 10

discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin (1928).

discovered that lysozyme could kill bacteria

Question 11

Elie Metchnikoff

Answer 11

described phagocytosis.
a defensive process in which the body’s WBC engulf and destroy microorganisms.
cellular immunity

Question 12

David Bruce

Answer 12

identified cause of sleeping sickness, chagas disease.

trypanosomes

Question 13

Robert Hooke

Answer 13

presented first published depiction of a microorganism, the micro-fungus Mucor

Question 14

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 14

observed and described microscopic protozoa and bacteria.

first to observe protozoa, RBC, sperm cells and bacteria

Question 15

Spontaneous generation

Answer 15

Aristotle: life from non-living manner

Question 16

Francesco Redi

Answer 16

Evidence against spontaneous generation with maggots on meat, not covered, completely covered, and gauze

Question 17

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Answer 17

microbes come from the air and boiling will kill them

Question 18

Louis Pasteur

Answer 18

disproved spontaneous generation with the curved neck flask.
avirulent (attenuated) strains to prevent diseases.
rabies vaccine

Question 19

rabies vaccine

Answer 19

Louis Pasteur developed.

sample of virus harvested from infected, dead rabbits and weakened it by allowing it to dry for 5-10 days

Question 20

Griffith

Answer 20

Bacteria transformation

Question 21

MacLeod, Avery and McCarthy

Answer 21

DNA is genetic material

Question 22

Chargaff

Answer 22

A/T and G/C

Question 23

Janssen

Answer 23

1st compound microscope

Question 24

Pasteur’s contribution

Answer 24

disproves spontaneous generation
germ theory of disease
vaccines (anthrax and rabies)
fermentation (lactic acid, alcohol, sugar)
how to destroy bacteria