Med Legal And Sociology Week 8 Flashcards
Human trafficking is called ?
Modern day slavery. It’s not just a here problem it’s worldwide
Trafficking specific offences in criminal code
Section 279.01 - trafficking in people
Section 279.02 - receiving a material benefit for trafficking in people
Section 279.3 - withholding or destroying documents to facilitate trafficking in people
Section 279.4 - exploitation for the purpose of human trafficking
In 2014 new offences were added
Subsection 279.02 (2) - reviewing a material benefit from trafficking of persons under 18 years
Subsection 279.03 (2) - withholding or destroying documents to facilitate trafficking of persons under 18 years
Reported human trafficking incidents
- majority of human trafficking incidents detected in larger cities
- about 1 in three human trafficking incidents involve another crime
- two out of three human trafficking victims are girls and young women
- most victims trafficked by someone they know
- men between the ages of 18 and 34 make up two thirds of people accused
-Most human trafficking court charges stayed, withdrawn, dismissed or discharged
In addition to patient care, you need to use your observation skills to be able to …………… and be alert for possible clues and red flags of sex trafficking
Read between the lines
Common myths and stereotypes involved in sex trafficking situations and response
- Prostitution is a victimless crime
- that only happens abroad
- it is between two consenting adults
What aspect is what differentiates the crime of sex trafficking from sexual assault, molestation, or rape
The commercial aspect
Sex trafficking is now being treated as a ………
Public health issue
How do they gain compliance of a victim
Force, fraud, and coercion used by pimps and traffickers
Victims may not recognize they are victims and may not ask for …..
Help
What would this be a victim of?
-Any minor working in commercial sex
-presence of a companion who answers for a patient
-lack of ID documents
- reluctant to explain tattoos/ branding
-rectal/ vaginal trauma
-bald patches or missing hair
-not dressed properly
Sex trafficking
Once identified victims of sex trafficking should be referred to support systems that can help them obtain?
Psychological care and material support
What makes teens vulnerable?
- history of abuse
- runaways/ being thrown out of the house
- foster care/ group home
- gang membership
- youth justice system
Victims may have formed ………….. with their exploiter and may have deep loyalties and positive feeling for their abuser
A trauma bond
How to talk to a victim of sex trafficking
- they will consistently minimize the level of violence they experience
- they may be fearful and claim to have deep feelings of love for her abuser
- assume control of the situation slowly
- separate yourself and the victim from the trafficker
- ask the patient direct, non threatening questions
- pay attention to any injuries
Sample message you can use to gain trust
- we are not police
- we are not here to get you in trouble, we just want to help
- I am here to help you
- my first priority is your safety
- we will get you the care that you need
- we spoke to our doctor, they feel that we should take you to the hospital to get checked out
What to do when you suspect sex trafficking
1: transport the patient alone, do not allow their companion to come with them
2: also ask the patient to turn off their cell phone
3: share your concerns privately with other emergency responders and the ED staff so they understand the situation
- if they are a minor and reduce to be transported immediately contact the police
In Canada prostitution is not illegal but related activities are example:
- communicating in a public place for buying or selling sex
- soliciting sex for money
- being involved in a Common bawdy house
- providing direction to or transporting someone to a bawdy house
- purchasing sec from someone under 18 years
5 tiers of prostitution
1: escorts or call girls , earn higher fees and better working conditions
2: hustlers, strippers, table dancers, work out of clubs or. Are they negotiate sexual favours with potential customers
3: house girls work in brothel, massage parlours
4: streetwalkers publicly solicit customers and charge by the trick
5: women addicted to crack cocaine trade sex for crack
The characteristics for male prostitution is similar but the customers are usually?
Male
What percent of situations where sex is traded for money involve women as the workers
80%
The term “John” is often used to describe?
Clients of sex workers
Closer look at johns
- mid 20s to mid 40s
- white, married, gainfully employed
Conflict and feminist
Liberal feminists
Marxist feminists
Radical feminists
Explain them?
Liberal feminist - a victimless crime that should be decriminalized
Marxist feminists - linked to capitalist economy that fosters economic inequality and forces women to use their bodies as commodities
Radical feminists - trace the roots of prostitution to patriarchy in society
The legal term for pornographic materials that are offensive by generally accepted standards of decency
Obscenity
Nature and extent of pornography explain hard core, soft core and gonzo
Hard core - is material that explicitly depicts sexual acts / or genitals
Soft core - is suggestive but not explicit
Gonzo - pornography has taken hard core to next level
What is knowing and being in turned into what is going on around you
Situational awareness
Warning signs should be alerted especially if call details are received as:
“ injury due to an assault, dispute or intoxication”
Methamphetamine labs are dangerous to paramedics as they are:
- highly inflammable chemicals
- toxic chemical
- booby traps
Gangs operate on their own three Rs what are those
Reputation
Respect
Retaliation
For a potential crime scene how to approach a vehicle
- remain a safe distance away
- minimum of 6 m behind the stopped vehicle
- 10 degree angle to the drivers side facing the shoulder and wheels turned to the left
- proceed to the rear passenger side trunk area
When approaching a van / potential crime scene, how to approach?
-Remain clear of the side door, away from the passenger side at 44 degree angle
- be mindful of the licence plate
- when it is dark use high beams and spotlights if nevessary
-Remain clear of the side door, away from the passenger side at 44 degree angle
- be mindful of the licence plate
- when it is dark use high beams and spotlights if necessary
How to approach a residence?
- when entering through the front door, stand to doorknob slightly to the right or left of the door never directly in front
- always announce yourselves to the patient and state “paramedics entering “
- identify primary/secondary egress in your environment
- scan room for weapons or any potential hazards/dangers
- backlighting should be used to position oneself between the ambulance lights and residence
This is something that will likely stop projectiles such as bullets, it is physical shelter or protection
Cover
This is something that may hide and prevent professionals from being seen and however easily penetrated such as tall grass
Concealment
Violent aggressive patient standard
1: consider underlying organic disorders
2: give particular attention to personal safety and request police assistance on scene
3: wait for police assistance if:
a: there is an active shooter scenario
b: there is direct evidence of ongoing violence
4: if electing to delay service immediately notify CACC/ACS
6: if the patient is uncooperative, get information from others on scene , attempt to determine
a: if illness, injury or alcohol/ drug ingestion has triggered the present behaviour
b: whether there is a previous history of violence
7: be alert for behavioural signs of impending violence
8: if confronted, seek a safe egress and attempt to withdraw
9: if a safe withdrawal is feasible, attempt to speak with and calm the patient
10: consider need for reatraints
1: consider underlying organic disorders
2: give particular attention to personal safety and request police assistance on scene
3: wait for police assistance if:
a: there is an active shooter scenario
b: there is direct evidence of ongoing violence
4: if electing to delay service immediately notify CACC/ACS
6: if the patient is uncooperative, get information from others on scene , attempt to determine
a: if illness, injury or alcohol/ drug ingestion has triggered the present behaviour
b: whether there is a previous history of violence
7: be alert for behavioural signs of impending violence
8: if confronted, seek a safe egress and attempt to withdraw
9: if a safe withdrawal is feasible, attempt to speak with and calm the patient
10: consider need for restraints
Paramedic and self defense, always you this stance ?
Interview stance
In an unexpected attack, what do you do?
If someone grabs your wrist?
If someone grabs the front of your shirt?
Wrist - jerk your forearm against their thumb
Shirt - twist their hand toward the thumb
This refers to the documented and unbroken handling of physical evidence from the moment it is collected until it is presented in court.
Continuity
This refers to whether evidence can be legally used in court based on rules of evidence
Admissibility of evidence
How can a paramedic keep the continuity or admissibility of evidence in a crime scene?
- documentation
- be careful on scene
- touch only what is required and wear gloves
- follow law enforcement direction
- limit the number of paramedics entering the scene
Two types of evidence
1: testimonial evidence : is a statement made under oath. You can be called to court to provide testimonial evidence
2: physical evidence: can be any item that comes from a non living origin or biological evidence from a living being eg: fingerprints, tire marks, footprints, fingers, paint, building material or DNA
Radio codes used to contact police
10-200 - no immediate danger
10-2000. - immediately danger
In suspected foul play, every effort should be made to leave the scene ………….. and to preserve as much …………. as possible for the police
Undisturbed
Evidence
Once the body is moved can it be put back In its original position?
No it can never be put back
Incase of hanging, the following special precautions should be taken
- observe the position of the rope around the neck
- rope should be cut only if cannot be readily slipped off and in such a way that the knot will be preserved
If a patient has reported to be sexually assaulted, the paramedic shall
1: ensure the patient is not left alone
2: if the patient is a child, follow the child in protection standard
3: if police not on scene, offer to contact police
4: upon police request, bag the stretcher linen, dressings and other materials in contact with the patient and leave with the attending police officer
If the patient declines to report the incident to the police, it is helpful to discuss options like?
Sexual assault crisis center and be able to provide phone number
Can the patient wash urinatebor defecate after asexual assault?
Advise the patient not until an examination is conducted at the receiving facility
