Med Definitions Flashcards
Define abnormal vaginal bleeding
- longer than 7 days
- heavier flow (more than 6 pads per day)
- more frequent than q21 days
- less frequent than q45 days
- intermenstrual or post coital
Define fever of unknown origin
Daily fever of 38.8 degrees C for 8 days with negative work-up
Open comedones
White heads
Closed comedones
Black heads
Define breath holding spells
Syncopal attacks with involuntary cessation of breathing that occur in children 6 mos-4 years
Define blue breath holding spell
Vigorous crying leads to apnea at end of expiration followed by cyanosis, opisthotonos, rigidity, and loss of tone
Episode lasts 10-60 seconds
Can have brief convulsive jerkIng after
May be sleepy afterward
Define a white breath holding spell
Usu preceded by unexpected event that frightens the child
Little or no crying, breath holding and LOC occur at same time
Pale appearance
Define exotropia
=outward turning of the eye
A form of strabismus
Define opisotonus
Body with whole body arched backward, esp head and heels
Define choleastasis
Elevated serum conjugated/direct bilirubin > 2mg/dl
Define croup
=laryngotracheobronchitis
-infection causing inflammation and swelling of the airway structures results in noisy breathing
- seal like barky cough
- inspiratory stridor
- hoarseness
- fever
Define herpangina. How is it different from hand foot and mouth disease?
Infection caused by coxsackie virus
Herpangina: vesicles only on the tonsils and palate
Hand foot mouth: vesicles not only in mouth but also on hands and feet
Define apnea
=respiratory pause of greater than 15 seconds or any pause associated with cyanosis, pallor, or bradycardia
Define Salter-Harris fracture
=fractures involving the growth plate (physis)
- categorizes the fracture by degree of involvement of the growth plate
- provides guidance for treatment and diagnosis
Define salter Harris type 1 fracture
- fracture within growth plate
- seen as widening of growth plate or displacement of epiphysis
Define salter Harris type 2 fracture
-fracture extends through the growth plate and metaphysis
Define salter Harris type 3 fracture
Fracture extends through the growth plate and epiphysis
Define salter Harris type 4 fracture
Fracture involving the growth plate,metaphysis, and epiphysis
Define salter Harris type 5 fracture
Crush fracture of the growth plate
Define trismus
Inability to open mouth normally
Define ALTE
Episode that is frightening to observer and is characterized by a combination of apnea, color change, change in muscle tone, choking, or gagging
Define prolonged neonatal jaundice
- longer than 14 days in term infants.
- longer than 21 days in preterm infants
While breastfed infants with prolonged jaundice usually don’t have serious disease, BM jaundice is a diagnosis of exclusion
Define simple febrile seizure
- Generalized movements
- Last less than 15 min (most <90 sec)
- Only 1 seizure per 24 hours
- Normal developmental Hx
- May have family Hx of febrile sz
Define complex febrile seizure
- Focal onset of movements
- Lasts more than 15 min
- More than 1 seizure per 24 hours
- Abnormal developmental Hx
- No family Hx of febrile seizures
Define diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperglycemia (BG> 200)
2. Metabolic acidosis (venous bicarb < 15)
Define ALTE
An episode that is frightening to the observer and that is characterized by some combination of apnea, color change, marked change in muscle tone, choking, or gagging
Define uncomplicated pneumonia
Pneumonia in the absence of:
- significant effusion
- empyema
- severe or impending respiratory failure
- sx/signs of sepsis or shock
Define community acquired pneumonia
Infection of the airways and lung tissue caused by a multitude of organisms, viral and bacterial, which has been acquired outside the hospital
Define inborn error of metabolism
Disorders in which single gene defect (resulting in absence or malfunction of an enzyme) causes clinical significant block in a metabolic pathway.
