Med Definitions

Question 1

Define abnormal vaginal bleeding

Answer 1

• longer than 7 days
• heavier flow (more than 6 pads per day)
• more frequent than q21 days
• less frequent than q45 days
• intermenstrual or post coital

Question 2

Define fever of unknown origin

Answer 2

Daily fever of 38.8 degrees C for 8 days with negative work-up

Question 3

Open comedones

Answer 3

White heads

Question 4

Closed comedones

Answer 4

Black heads

Question 5

Define breath holding spells

Answer 5

Syncopal attacks with involuntary cessation of breathing that occur in children 6 mos-4 years

Question 6

Define blue breath holding spell

Answer 6

Vigorous crying leads to apnea at end of expiration followed by cyanosis, opisthotonos, rigidity, and loss of tone

Episode lasts 10-60 seconds
Can have brief convulsive jerkIng after
May be sleepy afterward

Question 7

Define a white breath holding spell

Answer 7

Usu preceded by unexpected event that frightens the child
Little or no crying, breath holding and LOC occur at same time
Pale appearance

Question 8

Define exotropia

Answer 8

=outward turning of the eye

A form of strabismus

Question 9

Define opisotonus

Answer 9

Body with whole body arched backward, esp head and heels

Question 10

Define choleastasis

Answer 10

Elevated serum conjugated/direct bilirubin > 2mg/dl

Question 11

Define croup

Answer 11

=laryngotracheobronchitis
-infection causing inflammation and swelling of the airway structures results in noisy breathing

• seal like barky cough
• inspiratory stridor
• hoarseness
• fever

Question 12

Define herpangina. How is it different from hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 12

Infection caused by coxsackie virus

Herpangina: vesicles only on the tonsils and palate

Hand foot mouth: vesicles not only in mouth but also on hands and feet

Question 13

Define apnea

Answer 13

=respiratory pause of greater than 15 seconds or any pause associated with cyanosis, pallor, or bradycardia

Question 14

Define Salter-Harris fracture

Answer 14

=fractures involving the growth plate (physis)

• categorizes the fracture by degree of involvement of the growth plate
• provides guidance for treatment and diagnosis

Question 15

Define salter Harris type 1 fracture

Answer 15

• fracture within growth plate

- seen as widening of growth plate or displacement of epiphysis

Question 16

Define salter Harris type 2 fracture

Answer 16

-fracture extends through the growth plate and metaphysis

Question 17

Define salter Harris type 3 fracture

Answer 17

Fracture extends through the growth plate and epiphysis

Question 18

Define salter Harris type 4 fracture

Answer 18

Fracture involving the growth plate,metaphysis, and epiphysis

Question 19

Define salter Harris type 5 fracture

Answer 19

Crush fracture of the growth plate

Question 20

Define trismus

Answer 20

Inability to open mouth normally

Question 21

Define ALTE

Answer 21

Episode that is frightening to observer and is characterized by a combination of apnea, color change, change in muscle tone, choking, or gagging

Question 22

Define prolonged neonatal jaundice

Answer 22

• longer than 14 days in term infants.
• longer than 21 days in preterm infants

While breastfed infants with prolonged jaundice usually don’t have serious disease, BM jaundice is a diagnosis of exclusion

Question 23

Define simple febrile seizure

Answer 23

1. Generalized movements
2. Last less than 15 min (most <90 sec)
3. Only 1 seizure per 24 hours
4. Normal developmental Hx
5. May have family Hx of febrile sz

Question 24

Define complex febrile seizure

Answer 24

1. Focal onset of movements
2. Lasts more than 15 min
3. More than 1 seizure per 24 hours
4. Abnormal developmental Hx
5. No family Hx of febrile seizures

Question 25

Define diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 25

1. Hyperglycemia (BG> 200)

2. Metabolic acidosis (venous bicarb < 15)

Question 26

Define ALTE

Answer 26

An episode that is frightening to the observer and that is characterized by some combination of apnea, color change, marked change in muscle tone, choking, or gagging

Question 27

Define uncomplicated pneumonia

Answer 27

Pneumonia in the absence of:

• significant effusion
• empyema
• severe or impending respiratory failure
• sx/signs of sepsis or shock

Question 28

Define community acquired pneumonia

Answer 28

Infection of the airways and lung tissue caused by a multitude of organisms, viral and bacterial, which has been acquired outside the hospital

Question 29

Define inborn error of metabolism

Answer 29

Disorders in which single gene defect (resulting in absence or malfunction of an enzyme) causes clinical significant block in a metabolic pathway.