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Pediatrics > CHC > Flashcards

CHC Flashcards

0
Q

What screening blood tests should be done in adolescents?

A

Lipid levels once during adolescence

CBC in menstruating females

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1
Q

When should screening for autism be done?

A

MCHAT should be done between 18-24 mos

Siblings keep an eye on from young age b/c increased risk of developing autism

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2
Q

When on average does the anterior fontanel close?

A

Avg=10-14 months

May stay open up to 18 months

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3
Q

How often should a newborn be fed?

A

Every 2-3 hours or 8-12 times in 24 hours

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4
Q

How long should a newborn nurse for?

A

10-20 minutes on each breast

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5
Q

How much should newborns who are bottle fed be taking?

A

1/2 to 2 ounces at each feed

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6
Q

How many wet diapers and stools a day should an new infant have (birth- 4 months)?

A

5-8 wet diapers

3-4 stools

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7
Q

What is the max amount of formula you should feed a term newborn?

A

24-32 ounces in 24 hours

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8
Q

How much weight is it acceptable for a baby to lose after birth? When should they be back to birth weight by?

A

Acceptable loss=5-7% although some say up to 10%

Should be back to birth weight by 2 weeks

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9
Q

What is the goal weight gain the first 6 months? From 6 months-1year?

A

First 6 months= 5-7 ounces per week
Birth weight should double by 5 months

6 months-1year= 3-5 ounces per week

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10
Q

What are the criteria for starting solids?

A

Baby should be able to:

  • sit with support
  • hold head up
  • be double birth weight/at least 13 pounds
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11
Q

When can babies start drinking juice?

A

After 6 months of age

  • only in a sippy cup
  • no more than 4-6 ounces per day
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12
Q

What foods should ALWAYS be avoided in infants?

A

No honey or karo syrup until 1year old (botulism)

Avoid for choking risk until 2-3 years

  • nuts
  • peanuts
  • popcorn
  • hot dogs
  • whole grapes
  • hard candy
  • raw vegetables
  • raisins
  • gum
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13
Q

When can you feed baby finger foods?

A

When able to sit up and bring objects to mouth or usually by 9 months of age

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14
Q

When is it ok to put cereal in baby’s bottle?

A

When the baby has GERD/reflux

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15
Q

When should a baby be weaned from a bottle?

A

Between 12-15 months

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16
Q

What foods can you introduce after the first year of life?

A 
Whole cows milk
Citrus fruits and juices
Eggs
Tomatoes
Small pieces of berries
Honey

Still avoid choking hazard foods

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17
Q

How much should a toddler be eating?

A

3 meals and 2-3 snacks per day

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18
Q

What are the things to assess for at first office visit for newborn (2-3 days post leaving the office)?

A 
Feeding
Weight gain (% down from birth weight or back up)
Bilirubin/other labs
Umbilical cord stump care
Bathing
Soothing
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19
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close?

A

Average= 10-14 months

May remain open until 18 months

20
Q

When do primary teeth erupt?

A

Central incisors appear between 5-7 months

Then 1 tooth/month until 23-30 months

21
Q

When do permanent teeth erupt?

A

Central incisors 5-7 years, third molars in place between 17-22 years

32 adult teeth

22
Q

When should a pacifier be discontinued?

A

By 18 months of age, can cause oral and dental distortions

23
Q

When does handedness usually develop?

A

Usually by 18-24 months

If hand preference before age 12 months, suspect a problem with non preferred hand (hemiparesis, brachial plexus injury)

24
Q

By what age should premature infants be caught up in growth and development?

A

2-3 years

25
Q

Age range for holding head steady when placed in supported position?

A

1-4 months

26
Q

Age range for sits without support for more than 30 seconds

A

5-8 months

27
Q

Age range for cruising or walking holding onto things

A

7-13 months

28
Q

Age range for standing alone

A

9-16 months

29
Q

Age range for walking alone

A

9-17 months

30
Q

Age range for walks up stairs with help

A

12-23 months

31
Q

Age range for grasping objects

A

2-4 months

32
Q

Age range for reaching for objects

A

3-5 months

33
Q

Age range for transferring objects from hand to hand

A

5-7 months

34
Q

Age range for developing fine pincer grasp with index finger and thumb apposition

A

9-14 months

35
Q

Age range for spontaneous scribbling

A

12-24 months

36
Q

What are the best measures of cognitive development?

A

Receptive lanugage

37
Q

By what age should a child have imitative play? (helping with dishes, doll play)

A

24 months

38
Q

By what age should a child engage in make believe play?

A

36 months

39
Q

By what age should s child be able to play simple rule based playground games or board games?

A

48 months

40
Q 
By what age should a child be able to:
Copy a cross
Copy a circle
Copy a square
Copy a triangle
A

Circle-3 years
Cross-3 years
Square- 4 years
Triangle- 5 years

41
Q

Describe the language a child should have by 3 months

A

Expressive-coos

Receptive-alerts to voice

42
Q

Describe the language Milestones by 4-6 months

A

Expressive: monosyllabic babbling, laugh, raspberry

Receptive: turns to voice and sounds

43
Q

What is the minimum number of wet diapers an infant should be making a day.?

A

=at least 4 (most babies more frequent than that)

44
Q

True or false: a breast fed baby at 3-6 weeks of age who has only 1-2 bowel movements a week is normal

A

True

  • total frequency can vary a lot
  • formula fed a baby should have at least 1 BM a day
45
Q

What is the average weight at:

  • birth
  • 1yr
  • 5yrs
  • 10 yrs
A

Birth: 3.5 kg
1yr: 10 kg
5 yrs: 20kg
10 yrs: 30 kg

46
Q

How is colic diagnosed?

A

Rule of 3s: crying more than 3 hours per day, more than 3 days per week, for more than 3 weeks

  • crying began before 3 weeks of age
  • crying worse afternoon and evening
  • infant otherwise thriving
  • no organic cause on eval
  • facial grimacing, drawing up of legs, passing gas
47
Q

Where should you check for hair tourniquets

A

Check fingers and toes carefully as hair can get wrapped around and cut off blood supply

48
Q

What is a positive Galeazzi sign?

A

Screen for developmental hip dislocation.
Have infant lying supine on firm surface with hips and knees flexes at 90 degrees.
If one knee looks higher than the other= +sign (the lower side is the side with the dislocated hip)

Pediatrics (16 decks)

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