Mechanisms/Rates Of Speciation P1 Flashcards
Allopatric speciation =
Separate geographic distributions with a barrier between them..gene flow = 0
Name the forces behind speciation:
Chance
Ecology
Reinforcement
Sexual selection
Sympatric speciation =
Overlapping geographic distributions..gene flow = 0.5
Peripatric speciation =
Small population of Allopatric species diverging
Peripatric speciation =
Different populations all interbreeding, non overlapping geographic distributions..gene flow = 0<0.5
Founder effect speciation and mutation order speciation are examples of what force?
Chance
Different populations find different genetic solutions to same problem (1 environment)
Mutation order speciation
Chance dictates what alleles are found in founder population and the new population diverges
Founder effect speciation - peripatric speciation
Speciation is a culmination of …
Variation which led to divergence which led to reproductive isolation
Polyploid speciation is associated with what organisms?
Plants
Founder effect speciation creates an adaptive ridge which explains which model?
Dobzhansky Muller
Unreduced gametes from the same species results in
Autopolyploidy
Unreduced gametes from different species results in
Allopolyploid
Divergent selection between environments leads to barriers to gene flow is an example of what force?
Ecology
Environmental differences are:
Habitat structure
Climate
Resources
Ecological interactions are:
Disease
Competition
Behavioural interference
Which force is normally frequency dependent?
Ecological interaction
Competition can be…
Inter or intra specific
Speciation needs what to be completed?
Pre and postzygotic isolation
Reinforcement is a result of
Indirect isolation - 2 allele system does not influence fertility/inviability but is linked to one that does
Reinforcement relies on
Linkage disequilibrium which is opposed by recombination
For speciation finalisation, it requires
2 different eco morphs in different proportions to come together
