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Block 6 Ellen > Mechanisms of psychotropic drug action L7 > Flashcards

Mechanisms of psychotropic drug action L7 Flashcards

1
Q

4 mental illnesses

A

Schizophrenia
Depression
Bipolar disorder
Anxiety disorder

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2
Q

what is Schizophrenia

A

relapsing and remitting illness characterised by positive and negative symptoms

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3
Q

what is depression

A

a syndrome- a collection of several symptoms occurring together

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4
Q

depression symptoms

A 
low mood
reduced enjoyment 
fatigue 
sleep
appetite loss
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5
Q

bipolar disorder=

A

episodes of depression

manic episodes

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6
Q

anxiety disorder=

A

excessive fear and associated physical response

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7
Q

4 neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
GABA

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8
Q

4 dopamine pathways

A

mesolimbic
mesocortical
nigrostriatal
tubero-infundibular

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9
Q

mesolimbic=

A

reinforcement reward

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10
Q

mesocortical=

A

planning

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11
Q

nigrostriatal=

A

intiation and control of movement

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12
Q

tubero-infundibular=

A

hypothalamus to pituitary- dopamine inhibits prolactin release from pituitary gland (breast milk)

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13
Q

Noradrenaline released by

A

neurones in locus coeruleus in brainstem

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14
Q

what does noradrenaline influence

A

sleep, wakefulness, attention, feeding

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15
Q

serotonin is also called

A

5-HT

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16
Q

where is serotonin released from

A

Raphe nuclei

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17
Q

what does serotonin mediate

A

Sleep, mood, emotional behaviour

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18
Q

GABA released by

A

inhibitory neurones all around the CNS

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19
Q

3 antipsychotics

A

Olanzapine
Haloperidol
Risperidone

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20
Q

what do antipsychotics do

A

antagonise D2 receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical areas

21
Q

what do Antipsychotics treat

A

Schizophrenia

22
Q

side effects pathways of D2 antagonists (2)

A 
nigrostriatal= extrapyramidal side effects 
Tubuloinfundibular= excess prolactin
23
Q

first generation antipsychotics=

A

haloperidol

24
Q

second generation antipsychotics

A

Risperidone

Olanzapine

25
Q

positive of second generation antipsychotics

A

have less extrapyramidal side effects

26
Q

disadvantage of second generation antipsychotics

A

more metabolic and cardiac side effects

27
Q

what can make people taking antipsychotics for schizophrenia lose 20 years of life

A

Increased cardiovascular risk

28
Q

3 type of antidepressant

A

Tricyclic
SSRIs
MAOIs

29
Q

what do tricyclic antidepressant do

A

blocks Noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake transporters at synapse

30
Q

e.g of tricyclic antidepressant (2)

A

Amitriptyline

Lofepramine

31
Q

what are SSRIs

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

32
Q

e.g of SSRI (2)

A

citalopram

Fluxoetine

33
Q

SSRIs used for

A

depression and anxiety

34
Q

side effects of SSRIs (3)

A

Nausea/ vomitting
Sexual dysfunction
increased suicidal ideation

35
Q

what are MAOIs

A

Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors

36
Q

what do MAOIs increased the availability of in the synapse

A

Serotonin
Dopamine
Noradrenaline

37
Q

2 e.gs of MAOIs

A

Phenelzine

Meclobemide

38
Q

what can produce a hypertensive crisis on MAOIs

A

foods rich in Tyramine (cheese)

39
Q

what does tyramine do

A

precipitates Noradrenaline release from vesicles

40
Q

what chemical can prevent further episodes of depression and mania in people with bipolar

A

Lithium

41
Q

side effects with normal levels of lithium

A

weight gain
fine tremor
more urine

42
Q

Benzodiazepines=

A

GABA agonists

43
Q

e.g of Benzodiazepines (3)

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Themazepam

44
Q

use of benzodiazepines

A

anxiety and sleeping

45
Q

what is the dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia

A

schizophrenia is the result of dopamine hyperactivity in the brain (mesolimbic tract)

46
Q

evidence against dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia

A

dopamine antagonists take 2 weeks to have effect but neurotransmission effects are immediate
other neurotransmitters involved

47
Q

monoamine theory of depression=

A

depression as a result of a deficiency in brain monamine neurotransmission

48
Q

monoamine=

A

serotonin
dopamine
Noradrenaline

Block 6 Ellen (10 decks)

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