Mechanisms of Addiction

Question 1

What is “addiction”

Answer 1

Continued repetition of a behaviour despite adverse consequences

Question 2

In terms of addiction, what is ambivalence?

Answer 2

Having two contradictory views about their addiction

Question 3

What is “dependence”?

Answer 3

Use of a substances takes on a much higher priority than other behaviours that once had greater value

Question 4

What makes a substance addictive?

Answer 4

1. Pleasure producing potency
2. Rapid onset of action
3. Short duration of action
4. Tolerance and withdrawal

Question 5

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 5

A favourable outcome after a desirable behaviour

Question 6

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 6

Removing a negative stimulus after a desirable behaviour

Question 7

All addictive drugs lead to an increase of which neurotransmitter and where?

Answer 7

Dopamine produced in the Ventral Tegmental Area, acting on the nucleus accumbens

Question 8

Why is a Variable Reinforcement Schedule more addictive than a Fixed Reinforcement Schedule?

Answer 8

Random intervals and random size payoff. Most animals will take a little risk for a small reward

Question 9

What factors influence the Societal Consumption of Alcohol?

Answer 9

Price (reduction of price per year)

Availability (increased)