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Antimicrobial Chemotherapy > Mechanisms of action of antibiotics > Flashcards

Mechanisms of action of antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Which big groups of antimicrobials use inhibition of cell wall synthesis to inhibit bacteria?

A

Penicilllins
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides

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2
Q

What is the collective name for penicillins and cephalosporins?

A

Beta-lactams

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3
Q

Give two examples of glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin and teicoplanin

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4
Q

Which organisms do vancomycin and teicoplanin act on?

A

Only gram positive organisms

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5
Q

What is a common problem with vancomycin?

A

It is toxic

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6
Q

Gram negative bacteria is resistant to what pencillin?

A

Benzyl penicillin

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7
Q

What are aminoglycosides especially useful in the treatment of?

A

Serious gram negative infection

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8
Q

Why must the serum levels of gentamicin be regularly checked when it is administered?

A

It is toxic

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9
Q

Give example of a macrolide

A

Erythromycin

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10
Q

Macrolide antibiotics work on what type of organism?

A

Gram positive

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11
Q

Macrolides are alternatives to what?

A

Penicillins

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12
Q

Name a protein synthesis inhibitor that has good activity against MRSA

A

Linezolid

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13
Q

What is ciprofloxacin effective against?

A

Gram negative organisms

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14
Q

Name two antimicrobials that inhibit purine synthesis

A

Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole

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15
Q

What group of people can Ciprofloxacin not be used on?

A

Children

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16
Q

Which groups of antimicrobials inhibit protein synthesis?

A 
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Oxazolidinones
Cyclic Lipopeptide
17
Q

Which groups of antimicrobials inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

A

Trimethoprim
Sulphamethoxazole
Fluoroquinolones

18
Q

Which anti-viral drug acts against herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus?

A

Aciclovir

19
Q

What are echinocandins used for?

A

Serious candida and aspergillus infections

20
Q

What do polyenes bind to?

A

Ergosterol

21
Q

Where is ergosterol present?

A

In the fungal cell membrane

22
Q

What is the only polyene that is available for intravenous use?

A

Amphotericin B

23
Q

What is the name of the polyene drug that is available for topical use only?

A

Nystatin

24
Q

Which drugs inhibit ergosterol synthesis?

A

Azoles

25
Q

What is the name of the commonest species of yeast?

A

Candida albicans

26
Q

What type of infection does fluconazole treat?

A

Yeast infection

27
Q

What is terbinafine used to treat?

A

Fungal infection of skin and nails

28
Q

What is no anti-viral drug able to do?

A

Kill the virus

29
Q

What does zidovudine interfere with in HIV?

A

Reverse transcriptase

30
Q

What is lamivudine mainly used for?

A

HIV treatment

31
Q

What are the two most commonly measured antibiotics in terms of their serum?

A

Gentamicin and vancomycin

32
Q

Name a protease inhibitor involved in the treatment for HIV

A

Saquinavir

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (5 decks)

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