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Clinical Entrance Exam > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Catecholamines (endogenous):

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. norepinephrine
  3. dopamine
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2
Q

Synthetic catecholamines:

A
  1. Dobutamine

2. Isoproterenol

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3
Q

Synthetic non-catecholamines (indirect acting):

A
  1. Amphetamine
  2. Ephedrine
  3. Mephentermine
  4. Metaraminol
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4
Q

Synthetic non-catecholamines (direct acting):

A
  1. Phenylephrine

2. Methoxamine

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5
Q

Epinephrine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1, 2

beta 1, 2

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6
Q

Norepinephrine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1, 2

beta 1

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7
Q

Isoproterenol receptor specificity:

A

beta 1 = 2

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8
Q

Dopamine receptor specificity:

A

Dopaminergic

D1=D2
beta > alpha

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9
Q

Dobutamine receptor specificity:

A

Beta 1 > B2

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10
Q

Oxymetazoline receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1

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11
Q

phenylephrine receptor specificity:

A

“pure alpha agonist”
alpha 1 > a2

minimal beta

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12
Q

methoxamine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1

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13
Q

clonidine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 2 agonist

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14
Q

Albuterol and Terbutaline receptor specificity:

A

beta 2 > beta 1

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15
Q

Salmeterol and Formoterol receptor specificity:

A

beta 2

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16
Q

amphetamine receptor specificity:

A

alpha, beta, CNS

indirect general agonist; releases stored catecholamines

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17
Q

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine receptor specificity:

A

alpha, beta, CNS

Indirect general agonist; releases stored catecholamines

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18
Q

This drug class has:

  • rapid onset of action
  • brief DOA
  • not administered orally
  • do not penetrate the BBB
A

Catecholamines

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19
Q

This drug class, compared to catecholamines:

  • Longer DOA
  • all can be administered orally
A

Non-Catecholamines

20
Q

Name the catecholamines:

A
  • epi
  • norepi
  • isoproterenol
  • dopamine
  • dobutamine
21
Q

Name the non-catecholamines:

A
  • phenylephrine
  • clonidine
  • albuterol/ terbutaline
  • amphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • oxymetazoline
  • Salmeterol/ formoterol
  • methoxamine
22
Q

Therapeutic uses for Epinephrine

A 
-anaphylaxis, 
glaucoma (open angle)
asthma
hypotension w/LA
in LA to increase DOA
23
Q

Therapeutic uses for Norepinephrine

A

hypotension (decreased renal perfusion)
tx of shock
organ ischemia

24
Q

Therapeutic uses for Isoproterenol

A

AV Block

cardiac stimulant

25
Q

Therapeutic uses for Dopamine

A

Shock (increase renal perfusion and GFR)
HF
Hypotension

26
Q

Therapeutic uses for Dobutamine

27
Q

Therapeutic uses for Amphetamine

A

Narcolepsy
obesity (appetite control)
ADHD
CNS Stimulant

28
Q

Therapeutic uses for Ephedrine

A

Nasal decongestant
urinary incontinence
hypotension
hypotension w/spinal or epidural

29
Q

Therapeutic uses for Phenylephrine

A 
pupil dilation
vasoconstrictor
Increase SVR
Increase MAP
nasal decongestant
30
Q

Therapeutic uses for Albuterol, Terbutaline

A

asthma (bronchospasm -short acting)

premature labor

31
Q

Therapeutic uses for Cocaine

A

vasoconstriction

LA

32
Q

Therapeutic uses for Clonidine

A

HTN
decrease MAC
Increase anesthesia/analgesia

33
Q

SNS of Alpha 1 on eyes

A

contraction of radial muscle

mydriasis

34
Q

SNS of beta on eyes

A

ciliary muscle relaxation (far vision)

35
Q

SNS of Alpha 2 and beta 2 on salivary glands

A

increase secretions

36
Q

SNS of beta 1 on heart

A

Increases HR, conduction, and contractility

37
Q

SNS on lungs

A

alpha 1 - bronchoconstriction

beta 2- bronchodilation

38
Q

SNS on pancreas

A

alpha 1 inhibits insulin secretion

beta 2 increases insulin secretion

39
Q

SNS on upper GIT

A

alpha 1 - sphincter contraction

beta 2 - decreased tone and motility ; relaxed

40
Q

SNS on the Liver /gallbladder

A

alpha 2 - glycogenolysis
beta 2 gluconeogenesis
beta 3 unknown

41
Q

SNS on abdominal blood vessels

A

alpha 1 constriction

beta 2 dilation

42
Q

SNS on bladder

A

alpha 2 - sphincter contraction

beta 2 detrusor relaxation

43
Q

“Pure alpha agonist” is

A

phenylephrine

alpha 1 > alpha 2

44
Q

Alpha 1:

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • Increased Peripheral resistane
  • increased BP
  • mydriasis
  • increased closure of bladder sphincter
  • inhibits insulin production
45
Q

Alpha 2:

A

inhibition of norepinephrine release

-inhibition of acetylcholine release

46
Q

Beta 1:

A
  • tachycardia
  • increased lipolysis
  • increased myocardial contractility
  • increased renin release
47
Q

Beta 2:

A
  • vasodilation
  • slight decrease in peripheral resistance
  • bronchodilation
  • increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis
  • increased release of glucagon
  • relaxed uterine smooth muscle

Clinical Entrance Exam (21 decks)

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