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Clinical Entrance Exam > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Catecholamines (endogenous):

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. norepinephrine
  3. dopamine
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2
Q

Synthetic catecholamines:

A
  1. Dobutamine

2. Isoproterenol

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3
Q

Synthetic non-catecholamines (indirect acting):

A
  1. Amphetamine
  2. Ephedrine
  3. Mephentermine
  4. Metaraminol
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4
Q

Synthetic non-catecholamines (direct acting):

A
  1. Phenylephrine

2. Methoxamine

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5
Q

Epinephrine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1, 2

beta 1, 2

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6
Q

Norepinephrine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1, 2

beta 1

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7
Q

Isoproterenol receptor specificity:

A

beta 1 = 2

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8
Q

Dopamine receptor specificity:

A

Dopaminergic

D1=D2
beta > alpha

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9
Q

Dobutamine receptor specificity:

A

Beta 1 > B2

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10
Q

Oxymetazoline receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1

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11
Q

phenylephrine receptor specificity:

A

“pure alpha agonist”
alpha 1 > a2

minimal beta

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12
Q

methoxamine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 1

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13
Q

clonidine receptor specificity:

A

alpha 2 agonist

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14
Q

Albuterol and Terbutaline receptor specificity:

A

beta 2 > beta 1

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15
Q

Salmeterol and Formoterol receptor specificity:

A

beta 2

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16
Q

amphetamine receptor specificity:

A

alpha, beta, CNS

indirect general agonist; releases stored catecholamines

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17
Q

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine receptor specificity:

A

alpha, beta, CNS

Indirect general agonist; releases stored catecholamines

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18
Q

This drug class has:

  • rapid onset of action
  • brief DOA
  • not administered orally
  • do not penetrate the BBB
A

Catecholamines

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19
Q

This drug class, compared to catecholamines:

  • Longer DOA
  • all can be administered orally
A

Non-Catecholamines

20
Q

Name the catecholamines:

A
  • epi
  • norepi
  • isoproterenol
  • dopamine
  • dobutamine
21
Q

Name the non-catecholamines:

A
  • phenylephrine
  • clonidine
  • albuterol/ terbutaline
  • amphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • oxymetazoline
  • Salmeterol/ formoterol
  • methoxamine
22
Q

Therapeutic uses for Epinephrine

A 
-anaphylaxis, 
glaucoma (open angle)
asthma
hypotension w/LA
in LA to increase DOA
23
Q

Therapeutic uses for Norepinephrine

A

hypotension (decreased renal perfusion)
tx of shock
organ ischemia

24
Q

Therapeutic uses for Isoproterenol

A

AV Block

cardiac stimulant

25
Therapeutic uses for Dopamine
Shock (increase renal perfusion and GFR) HF Hypotension
26
Therapeutic uses for Dobutamine
Shock | CHF
27
Therapeutic uses for Amphetamine
Narcolepsy obesity (appetite control) ADHD CNS Stimulant
28
Therapeutic uses for Ephedrine
Nasal decongestant urinary incontinence hypotension hypotension w/spinal or epidural
29
Therapeutic uses for Phenylephrine
``` pupil dilation vasoconstrictor Increase SVR Increase MAP nasal decongestant ```
30
Therapeutic uses for Albuterol, Terbutaline
asthma (bronchospasm -short acting) | premature labor
31
Therapeutic uses for Cocaine
vasoconstriction | LA
32
Therapeutic uses for Clonidine
HTN decrease MAC Increase anesthesia/analgesia
33
SNS of Alpha 1 on eyes
contraction of radial muscle | mydriasis
34
SNS of beta on eyes
ciliary muscle relaxation (far vision)
35
SNS of Alpha 2 and beta 2 on salivary glands
increase secretions
36
SNS of beta 1 on heart
Increases HR, conduction, and contractility
37
SNS on lungs
alpha 1 - bronchoconstriction | beta 2- bronchodilation
38
SNS on pancreas
alpha 1 inhibits insulin secretion | beta 2 increases insulin secretion
39
SNS on upper GIT
alpha 1 - sphincter contraction | beta 2 - decreased tone and motility ; relaxed
40
SNS on the Liver /gallbladder
alpha 2 - glycogenolysis beta 2 gluconeogenesis beta 3 unknown
41
SNS on abdominal blood vessels
alpha 1 constriction | beta 2 dilation
42
SNS on bladder
alpha 2 - sphincter contraction | beta 2 detrusor relaxation
43
"Pure alpha agonist" is
phenylephrine | alpha 1 > alpha 2
44
Alpha 1:
- vasoconstriction - Increased Peripheral resistane - increased BP - mydriasis - increased closure of bladder sphincter - inhibits insulin production
45
Alpha 2:
inhibition of norepinephrine release | -inhibition of acetylcholine release
46
Beta 1:
- tachycardia - increased lipolysis - increased myocardial contractility - increased renin release
47
Beta 2:
- vasodilation - slight decrease in peripheral resistance - bronchodilation - increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis - increased release of glucagon - relaxed uterine smooth muscle

Clinical Entrance Exam (21 decks)

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