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Chemistry A level > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mechanism for the reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous hydroxides?

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Reagent : sodium hydroxide solution
Conditions : warm, aqueous

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2
Q

What is the mechanism for the reaction of halogenoalkanes with ethanolic potassium cyanide?

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Reagent : potassium cyanide KCN
Conditions : warm, ethanol

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3
Q

What is the mechanism for the reaction of halogenoalkanes with ammonia?

A

Nucleophilic substitution
Reagent : excess ammonia NH3
Conditions : warm in sealed tube, ethanol solvent

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4
Q

What does the elimination mechanism produce?

A

An alkene, water and a halogen ion

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5
Q

What is the role of the OH- in an elimination reaction?

A

Base

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6
Q

What are the conditions for an elimination mechanism?

A

Reflux, hot ethanolic hydroxide

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7
Q

What does nucleophilic substitution with halogenoalkanes produce?

A

Alcohol

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8
Q

What is a free radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron

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9
Q

Describe the 3 stages of free radical substitution

A

Initiation - formation of radicals
Propagation - formation of products
Termination - removal of radicals

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10
Q

What is the reagant and conditions for free radical substitution?

A

Reagent : Halogen

Conditions : UV light

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11
Q

What is an electrophile?

A

An electron pair acceptor

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12
Q

What is the mechanism for the reaction of alkenes with halogens?

A

Electrophilic addition
Reagent : halogen
Conditions : room temperature

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13
Q

What is the mechanism for the reaction of alkenes with halides?

A

Electrophilic addition
Reagent : Hhal
Conditions : room temperature

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14
Q

What is the mechanism for the reaction of alkenes with concntrated sulfuric acid?

A

Electrophilic addition
Reagent : conc. sulfuric acid
Conditions : room temperature

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15
Q

What is a nucleophile?

A

Electron pair donor

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Chemistry A level (19 decks)

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