1.1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Because they have the same electron configuration
What are the stages of Time of Flight mass spectrometer?
Ionisation
Acceleration
Seperation
Detection
Describe Electrospray ionisation
Sample dissolved in polar solvent
Injected through a fine hypodermic needle to give a fine mist
Tip of needle attached to positive terminal of a high voaltage supply
Particles gain a proton from solvent
How are particles accelerated in TOF?
Using an electric field - this gives all the ions the same charge and the same kinetic energy
How do ions seperate in a TOF?
Lighter ions travel faster and react detector first
Define ‘relative isotopic mass’
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of C12
Define ‘relative atomic mass’
The weighted average mass of all the isotopes relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of C12
How many orbitals in each sub-shell?
s - 1
p - 3
d - 5
f - 7
Define ‘ionisation energy’
The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
Factors which influence FIE
Distance
Shielding
Proton number
Trends in FIE
Decrease down a group
Generally increase across a period
Why do successive ionisation energies increase?
Ion more positive, greater nuclear attraction
Less shielding
