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11 month > Mechanical Ventilation > Flashcards

Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Define PPA

A

Positive Pressure Attack

  • Used during the initial stages of an incident ton make the structure safer for fire attack.
  • It consists of directing one or more high-output fans into the building in order to increase the pressure inside the building relative to atmospheric pressure outside.
  • The pressure difference directs smoke and toxic gases and heat from the entrance where the fans are to the exhaust opening located as close to the fire as possible.
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2
Q

Define PPV

A

Positive Pressure Ventilation

  • Similar to to PPA, except its used for purposes other then fire attack.
  • eg. Make area safer for overhaul or clear out hazardous gases and smoke
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3
Q

Define PPP

A

Positive Pressure Pressurization

  • Uses one or more high-output fans to over-pressurization an enclosed compartment, thereby preventing additional smoke and toxic gases and heat from entering. Usually don’t use an exhaust opening.
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4
Q

Define flowpath

A
  • Volume between an inlet and an outlet that allows the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors and window openings
  • Maybe several flow paths
  • Operations in the flow path are significantly more dangerous due to increase flow of smoke, heat and fire
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5
Q

What method of ventilation is commonly used in strip malls or single family detached homes to help reduce extension to neighbouring homes?

A

PPP

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6
Q

How many fan position set ups are there?

A

5

single
series
parallel
combination
v-point
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7
Q

The basic set up used to ventilate most residential fires. May not be sutable is there is limited access to the door or fan can’t be places to create a full season the door.

A

Single (basic)

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8
Q

One fan placed behind another. The further fan ensure a full seal and provide 30% more air.

A

Series

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9
Q

What fan set up provides 30% more air?

A

Series

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10
Q

If the entrance door is wider then normal, fans maybe placed side by side. Number of fans depends on size of enterance.

A

Parallel

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11
Q

When you combine the series and parallel patterns to effectivly vent a wide opening

A

Combination (wider openings)

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12
Q

This provides the highest volume of air

A

V-point

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13
Q

two fans may be positioned parallel to, and several feet away from each other in a v shape. One fan can seal the top, while the other seals the bottom. 10% more air then series or parallel

A
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14
Q

10% more air then series or parallel vent

A

V-point

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15
Q

When should interior crews immediately evacuate the structure or seek a safe location.

A

when there is sudden changes in conditions like

  • reduced visibility
  • rapid lowering of smoke or thermal layer
  • higher heat
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16
Q

what is used to:

  • reduce the risk of back draft or flashover occurring to facilitate rescue
A

PPA

17
Q

What is used to:

  • make an area more tenable for victims and firefighting to remove toxic, explosive and super heated gases
A

PPA

18
Q

what is used to:

  • to enable crews to advance more rapidly to the seat of the fire
A

PPA

19
Q

what is used to:

  • help protect firefighters who are extinguishing the fire by removing steam
A

PPA

20
Q

What is used to:

  • to make an area safer for salvage and overhaul
A

PPV

21
Q

what is used to:

  • to make salvage and overhaul more effective
A

PPV

22
Q

what is used to:

  • to remove toxic, explosive, and super heated gases
A

PPV

23
Q

what is used to:

  • to decrease property damage
A

PPV and PPP

24
Q

what is used to:

  • prevent toxic, explosive, and super heated gases from spreading to exposures
A

PPP

25
Q

what is used to:

  • to confine the fire
A

PPP

26
Q

what is used to:

  • to protect exposures
A

PPP

27
Q

what is used when:

  • conditions are untenable for firefighter entry due to heat, smoke, and toxic gases
A

PPA

28
Q

what is used when:

  • the construction is unsuitable for natural ventilation due to the lack of vertical shafts or horizontal exterior openings
A

PPA

29
Q

what is used when:

  • the fire is below ground level, in a confined space, or where it is difficult to gain entrance
A

PPA

30
Q

How big should the exhaust opening be for PPA?

A

3/4 to 1 3/4 times the size of the entrance. bigger is better

31
Q

Without a total proper seal, what can PPA’s additional convection currents create?

A

flashover conditions

11 month (10 decks)

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