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MK3 > Mechanical Skills > Flashcards

Mechanical Skills Flashcards

1
Q

Designed to make a job easier and enable you to work more efficiently

A

Tools

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2
Q

The misuse of hand tools causes about ___ of all mishap injuries each year

A

7 to 8%

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3
Q

Used to apply a striking force

A

Hammers, mallets, and sledges

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4
Q

Hammers are designed according to ___

A

Weight, style, and shape

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5
Q

Drives and draws nails

A

Carpenter’s hammer

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6
Q

Have a variable-shaped peen, rather than a claw, at the opposite end of the face

A

Machinist’s hammer (ball peen hammer)

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7
Q

Short-handled tool used to drive wooden-handle chisels, gouges or wooden pins, it is also used to shape sheet metal. The heads are made from soft materials

A

Mallet

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8
Q

Steel-headed, heavy duty driving tool

A

Sledge

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9
Q

Used to drive bolts, drift pins, and large nails, and to strike cold chisels

A

Short handled sledge

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10
Q

Used to break rock and concrete, drive spikes, bolts, or stakes, and strike rock drills and chisels

A

Long handled sledge

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11
Q

The head of a sledge is normally made of ___ and may weigh ___

A

High carbon steel

6 to 12 lbs

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12
Q

Basic tool that is used to exert a twisting force on bolt heads, nuts, studs, and pipes

A

Wrench

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13
Q

The best wrenches are made of __

A

Chrome vanadium steel

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14
Q

Solid, non adjustable wrenches with openings in one or both ends

A

Open-end wrench

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15
Q

Safer than open end wrenches, they completely surround or box a nut or bolt head

A

Box wrench

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16
Q

Wrench designed to have one end open and the other end a box

A

Combination wrench

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17
Q

Wrench consists of a handle and a socket

A

Socket wrench

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18
Q

Four types of handles used with sockets

A

Ratchet
Hinged
Sliding T-bar handle
Speed handle

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19
Q

Gives greatest possible leverage to remove bolts and nuts

A

Hinged handle

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20
Q

This wrench has a curved arm with a lug or hook on the end

A

Spanner wrench

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21
Q

Pipe wrench sizes vary from __

A

8 to 48 inches

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22
Q

Wrench used to open 55 gallon barrels

A

Bung wrench

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23
Q

Bung wrench is made from

A

Non-ferrous, non-sparking material

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24
Q

Used for cutting sheet metal and steel of various thicknesses and shapes

A

Snips and shears

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25
Q

Shears cut ___ materials, while snips cut ___

A

Heavier and thicker

Thinner

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26
Q

Giant shears with very short blades and long handles

A

Bolt cutters

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27
Q

Bolt cutters sizes range from ___

A

18 - 36 inches

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28
Q

Large bolt cutters will cut rods up to ___

A

1/2 inch

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29
Q

Used to cut metal that is too heavy for snips or bolt cutters

A

Hacksaws

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30
Q

Hacksaws can hold blades in sizes from ___

A

8 to 16 inches

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31
Q

Two types of hacksaw blades

A

All hard

Flexible

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32
Q

Four different kinds of hacksaw blades

A

Alternate
Double alternate
Raker
Wave

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33
Q

The teeth are staggered, one to the left and one to the right

A

Alternate

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34
Q

The teeth are to two adjoining teeth staggered to the right, two to the left, and so on

A

Double alternate

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35
Q

Every third tooth remains straight and the other two are set alternately

A

Raker

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36
Q

Short sections of teeth or bent in opposite directions

A

Wave

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37
Q

Tools used for chipping or cutting metal

A

Chisels

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38
Q

Used in cutting rivets, split nuts, chip castings, and cutting thin metal sheets

A

Cold chisel

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39
Q

Used for special jobs like cutting keyways, narrow grooves and square corners

A

Cape chisel

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40
Q

Makes circular grooves and chips inside corners with a fillet

A

Round nose chisel

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41
Q

Used for cutting v-grooves and sharp corners

A

Diamond point chisel

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42
Q

Files are graded according to ____

A

the degree of fineness and whether they have single or double cut teeth

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43
Q

Have rows of teeth cut parallel to each other, used for sharpening tools, finish filing, and draw filing

A

Single-cut files

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44
Q

Have rows crisscrossed which form the teeth in a diamond shape and are used for fast cutting

A

Double-cut files

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45
Q

File teeth are set at a ___ angle

A

65 degree with the centerline

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46
Q

Coarsest file

A

Bastard cut

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47
Q

Used to file acute angles and to clear out square corners

A

Triangle file

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48
Q

Tapered in both width and thickness. One edge has no teeth, used for smoothing lathe work, draw filing, and other fine, precision work. Always single cut

A

Mill files

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49
Q

General purpose files and may be either single or double cut

A

Flat files

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50
Q

Tapered on all four sides and used to enlarge rectangular-shaped holes and slots

A

Square files

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51
Q

Tapered and used on round openings

A

Round files

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52
Q

Means the file is being moved across the surface of the work in a crosswise direction

A

Cross filing

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53
Q

Produces a finer surface finish and usually a flatter surface than cross filing

A

Draw filing

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54
Q

The teeth of the file clog up with metal filings and scratch the work

A

Pinning

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55
Q

Used to determine the size of a drill

A

Drill gauge

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56
Q

Soft low carbon steel bits are used only for __

A

Cutting wood

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57
Q

High carbon steel bits can be used on ___

A

Wood or metal

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58
Q

Inexpensive black coating that provides heat and corrosion resistance

A

Black oxide

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59
Q

Very hard ceramic material that can extend the cutting life by three or more times

A

Titanium Nitride (TiN)

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60
Q

Coating frequently used, considered superior to TiN and can extend tool life five or more times

A

Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAN)

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61
Q

Used as an abrasive, most often for cutting tile, stone, and other very hard materials

A

Diamond powder

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62
Q

Tool that is held in the hand and struck on one end with a hammer

A

Hand punch

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63
Q

Used for marking the center of a hole to be drilled

A

Center punch

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64
Q

Used when the intersection of two layout lines needs to be exact

A

Prick punch

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65
Q

Sometimes called starting punches, have long tapers from the tip to the body. Made to withstand heavy blows, may be used to knock out rivets after the head is removed or for freeing pins that are frozen in their holes

A

Drift punch

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66
Q

Used when the drift punch may be too large to finish the job and thus damage the object

A

Pin punch

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67
Q

Used for assembling units of machine or flanges. It is usually about a foot long and has a long gradual taper. Its main purpose is to line up holes in mating parts

A

Alignment punch

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68
Q

Used for cutting holes in gasket material

A

Gasket punch

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69
Q

Used to cut threads in metal, plastics, or hard rubber

A

Taps and dies

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70
Q

Used for cutting internal threads

A

Taps

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71
Q

Used for cutting external threads

A

Dies

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72
Q

Most common types of taps

A

Taper, plug, bottoming, and pipe

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73
Q

Hand tap has a chamfer length of 8 to 10 threads. These taps are used when starting a tapping operation when tapping holes

A

Taper (starting)

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74
Q

Hand tap has a chamfer length of 3 to 5 threads and are designed to use after a starting tap

A

Plug

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75
Q

Hand tap used for threading the bottom of a blind hole and are used after the other two taps

A

Bottoming

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76
Q

Tap used for pipefitting

A

Pipe

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77
Q

Two styles of threads

A

National Course

National Fine

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78
Q

Two types of tap wrenches

A

Straight handle

T-Handle

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79
Q

Dies are of ___ or ___ design

A

Solid

Adjustable

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80
Q

Used to remove broken screws without damaging the surrounding material or the threaded hole

A

Screw extractor

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81
Q

Used to remove broken taps

A

Tap extractor

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82
Q

Straight screw extractor remove broken screws having ___ to ___ outside diametres

A

1/4 to 1/2 inch

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83
Q

Spiral tapered screw extractors are sized to remove screws and bolts from ___ to ___ outside diametres

A

3/16 to 2 1/8 inches

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84
Q

Designed to drive and remove screws

A

Screwdrivers

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85
Q

Three parts to a standard screwdriver

A

Grip
Shank
Blade

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86
Q

Screwdrivers are classified by size according to the ___

A

Combined length of shank and blade

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87
Q

A Phillips screwdriver has a ___ degree fluke angle and a ___

A

30

Blunt end

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88
Q

Reed and Prince screwdriver has a ___ degree fluke angle and a ___

A

45

Sharper pointed end

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89
Q

At least ___ of the slot should be filled by the blade or tip of the screwdriver

A

75%

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90
Q

Can be used for cutting purposes as well as holding and gripping small articles in situations where it may be inconvenient or impossible to use hands

A

Pliers

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91
Q

Most common pliers

A

Slip-joint

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92
Q

The jaws are straight and serrated. The screw or pivot which fastens the jaws together may be moved to either of two positions

A

Slip-joint pliers

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93
Q

Can be used for holding objects regardless of their shape. A screw adjustment in one of the handles makes them suitable for several different sizes

A

Wrench pliers

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94
Q

Also called vice-grips

A

Wrench pliers

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95
Q

Originally designed for tightening or removing water pump packing nuts

A

Water pump pliers

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96
Q

Have a jaw adjustable to seven different positions. Have slip-joints and jaw teeth that can be coarse or smooth

A

Water pump pliers

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97
Q

Another version of the water pump pliers and are easily identified by the extra long handles which make them a very powerful gripping tool

A

Groove joint pliers

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98
Q

Common name of this tool is channel-lock pliers

A

Groove joint pliers

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99
Q

Have grooves in one jaw and lands on the other

A

Groove joint pliers

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100
Q

Used for cutting small, light material such as wire and cotter pins in areas which are inaccessible to the larger cutting tools

A

Diagonal cutting pliers

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101
Q

Known as side-cutters or lineman pliers

A

Electrician pliers

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102
Q

Principally used for holding, bending, and cutting thin materials or small gauge wire. They are also used extensively for stripping insulation from wire and for twisting wire when making a splice. The jaws are hollowed out on one side just forward of the pivot point, the opposite side is used for cutting

A

Electrician pliers

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103
Q

Electrician pliers are designated by ___

A

Overall length

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104
Q

Used in confined areas where fingers cannot be used

A

Needle-nose pliers

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105
Q

Have a tapered jaw to a joint, which makes them well adapted to installing and removing small cotter pins. They have serrations at the nose end and a side cutter near the throat

A

Needle-nose pliers

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106
Q

May be used to hold small items steady, to cut and bend safety wire, or to do numerous other small jobs which are too intricate or too difficult to be done by hand

A

Needle-nose pliers

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107
Q

Three-way pliers which hold, twist, and cut

A

Aircraft lockwire pliers

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108
Q

Designed to reduce the time used in twisting safety wire on nuts and bolts

A

Aircraft lockwire pliers

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109
Q

Useful when removing or installing snap rings

A

Snap ring pliers

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110
Q

Designed to strip small wiring and use with solderless terminals

A

Wire stripper, crimper

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111
Q

Store pliers with the jaw ___

A

Closed

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112
Q

Used to mechanically join individual parts of machinery, piping, and equipment

A

Fasteners

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113
Q

Type of fastener characterized by a helical ridge, known as an external thread or just thread, wrapped around a cylinder

A

Bolt

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114
Q

Three parts of a bolt

A

Head, shank, thread

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115
Q

Three lengths used to identify a bolt

A

Nominal length, grip length, thread length

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116
Q

Five unified screw thread series

A 
UNC (Unified Coarse Thread)
UNF (Unified Fine Thread)
UN (Constant Pitch Thread)
UNJ series
NC (National Coarse Thread)
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117
Q

Thread pitch of a bolt or nut can be determined by using a special hand tool called ___

A

A thread gauge

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118
Q

Looks like a collection of several small saw blades pinned together on one end and each with a different number of teeth

A

Thread gauge

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119
Q

To measure the length and diametre of bolts and screws, use ___

A

Machinist rule or rigid measuring device such as a slide caliper

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120
Q

Used to dress damaged threads on bolts

A

Thread files

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121
Q

Two types of black oxide coatings

A

Thermal

Chemical

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122
Q

Identify fastener material characteristics, identification markings, and suggested use

A

NSTM, Chapter 075

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123
Q

Type of hardware fastener with a threaded hole

A

Nut

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124
Q

Almost always always used opposite a mating bolt to fasten parts together

A

Nut

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125
Q

Also known a a nyloc, polymer insert lock nut, or elastic stop nut

A

Nylon insert lock nut

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126
Q

Kind of nut that includes a nylon collar insert

A

Nylon insert lock nut

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127
Q

Nyloc nuts retain their locking ability up to ___

A

250 degrees F

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128
Q

Also called a castle nut or slotted nut

A

Castellated nut

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129
Q

Nut with slots cut into one end

A

Castellated nut

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130
Q

Used in low torque applications, such as holding a wheel bearing in place

A

Castellated nut

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131
Q

Thin plate, most often disk-shaped, with a hole usually in the middle that is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener

A

Washer

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132
Q

Type of fastener characterised by a helical ridge, known as external thread or just thread, wrapped around a cylinder. Designed to cut a helical groove in a softer material as it is inserted

A

Screw

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133
Q

Has an unthreaded shank below the head. It is designed to attach two pieces of wood together

A

Wood screw

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134
Q

Similar to a wood screw except that it is generally much larger, running up to 15 inches in length with diametres from 1/4 to 1/2 inch and a hexagonal head

A

Lag screw/bolt

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135
Q

Designed for fastening heavy timbers to one another or fastening wood to masonry or concrete

A

Lag screw/bolt

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136
Q

Has sharp threads that cut into materials such as sheet metal, plastic, or wood. They are sometimes notched in the tip to aid in chip removal during thread cutting

A

Sheet metal screw

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137
Q

The shank is usually threaded to the head, and make excellent fasteners for attaching metal hardware to wood

A

Sheet metal screw

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138
Q

Similar to the sheet metal screw but it has a drill-shaped point to cut through the substrate to eliminate the need for drilling a pilot hole

A

Self-drilling screws

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139
Q

Designed for use in soft steel or other metals. The points are numbered from 1 - 5; the larger the number, the thicker the metal it can go through without a pilot hole

A

Self-drilling screws

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140
Q

A small fastener (less than 1/4 diametre) threaded the entire length of its shank that usually has a recessed drive type, may also be made with socket heads

A

Machine screws

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141
Q

Headless screw but can be any screw used to fix a rotating part to a shaft

A

Set screw

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142
Q

Permanent mechanical fastener consisting of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the buck-tail

A

Rivet

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143
Q

The tail of the rivet is upset how much?

A

About 1.5 times the original shaft diametre

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144
Q

Rivet body is normally manufactured using one of three methods

A

Wire
Tube
Sheet

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145
Q

Two types of pressure gauges

A

Bourbon tube gauges

Manometres

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146
Q

Used for measuring pressures and vacuums

A

Bourbon tube gauges

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147
Q

Used for measuring low pressures or vacuums

A

Manometre

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148
Q

Pressure gauges have three primary purposes

A

Indicate machinery condition
Help spot system problems early
Supply readings for machinery logs

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149
Q

0 indicates a perfect vacuum

A

psia

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150
Q

1 psi = __ Hg, and ___ inches of water

A
  1. 036

27. 6778

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151
Q

C-shaped, curved, or twisted tube that is open at one end and sealed at the other. The open end fixed in position, and the sealed end is free to move. The tube is oval in cross-section

A

Bourbon tube gauge

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152
Q

The bourbon tube attempts to ___ when there is an increase in the volume or the internal pressure of the contained fluid

A

Straighten

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153
Q

Bourbon tube gauges can be used to measure __

A

Both pressure and vacuum

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154
Q

Bourbon tubes are made of

A 
Brass
Phosphor bronze
Stainless steel
Beryllium copper
Other metal that does not react with the system
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155
Q

Types of bourbon tube gauges

A 
Simplex
Duplex
Vacuum
Compound
Differential pressure gauges
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156
Q

Has one bourbon tube, measures pressures above atmospheric pressure, calibrated in psi or psig

A

Simplex bourbon tube gauge

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157
Q

Has two bourbon tubes and two separate gear mechanisms, used to measure pressures above atmospheric pressure. Measures two separate pressures at the same time, such as a differential drop. Calibrated in psi or psig

A

Duplex bourbon tube gauges

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158
Q

Has one bourbon tube, measures pressures below atmospheric pressures. Commonly used in vacuum sewage systems and A/C and refrigeration systems. Calibrated in psia or Hg

A

Vacuum bourbon tube gauge

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159
Q

Any pressure less than atmospheric pressure

A

Vacuum

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160
Q

Has one bourbon tube, read both pressure and vacuum, calibrated in both psig and Hg

A

Compound pressure gauge

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161
Q

Has two bourbon tubes but only one pointer. Used to measure the pressure differential across strainers and filters, calibrated in psig or psi

A

Differential pressure gauges

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162
Q

Protects the needle and internal components from excessive vibration from outside sources. Also acts as a pressure snubber and prevents damage to the gauge from excessive pulsations from the system

A

Liquid filled gauge

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163
Q

Hydraulic shock

A

Pressure fluctuations

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164
Q

Glass tube of uniform diametre filled with liquid

A

Manometres

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165
Q

Three basic types of manometres

A

U-tube
Well
Inclined tube

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166
Q

Manometres are most commonly filled with __

A

Water

Special oils

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167
Q

Interaction of an indicating liquid with the tube walls due to surface tension

A

Meniscus

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168
Q

Shipboard gauges are generally accurate to within __

A

+/- 3% for sizes below 3 1/2 inches

+/- 1% for sizes 3 1/2 inches and above

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169
Q

A pressure gauge needs to have a range in which the anticipated maximum normal working pressure is about ___ of the maximum scale reading

A

66%

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170
Q

A pressure gauge need the system normal working pressure to be ___

A

The middle third of the scale (33-66%)

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171
Q

Safety gauge safety information is found in ___

A

NSTM, Chapter 504

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172
Q

The rate of increasing pressure for pressure gauges should be kept below ___

A

200 psig/sec

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173
Q

Operate on the principle that the expansion of solids, liquids, and gasses has a known relationship to temperature change

A

Expansion thermometres

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174
Q

Three types of expansion type thermometres

A

Liquid-in-glass
Bimetallic expansion
Filled-system

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175
Q

Oldest, simplest, and most widely used devices for measuring temperatures

A

Liquid-in-glass thermometres

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176
Q

Has a bulb and a very fine bore capillary tube. The tube contains alcohol or some other liquid that uniformly expands or contracts as the temperature rises or falls

A

Liquid-in-glass thermometres

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177
Q

The operating range of a liquid-in-glass thermometre

A

-102 to 760 degrees F

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178
Q

Make use of different metals having different coefficients of linear expansion

A

Bimetallic thermometre

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179
Q

One end of a straight bimetallic strip is fixed in place. As the strip is heated, the other end tends to curve away from the side that has ___

A

The greater coefficient of linear expansion

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180
Q

Operating range of a bimetallic thermometre

A

-40 to 750 degrees F

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181
Q

Bimetallic thermometre accuracy is ___

A

1% of of full span

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182
Q

Measurement accuracy of liquid-in-glass thermometre is generally ___

A

One-half of the smallest scale division

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183
Q

Used in locations where the indicating part of the instrument must be placed some distance away from the point where the temperature is to be measured

A

Filled-system thermometres

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184
Q

Often called distant reading thermometres

A

Filled-system thermometres

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185
Q

Distant reading thermometres may have capillaries as long as __

A

125 ft

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186
Q

Operating range for a filled-system thermometre

A

-40 to 1200 degrees F

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187
Q

Measurement accuracy of filled system thermometre

A

One percent of full span

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188
Q

Simplest, least known accessories used in industrial temperature measurement applications. Closed-end tube design to accommodate a temperature sensor in piping installations

A

Thermowells

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189
Q

Two basic kinds of thermowells

A

Low pressure

High pressure

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190
Q

Used to provide isolation between a temperature sensor and the environment, liquid, gas, or slurry

A

Thermowell

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191
Q

Allows the temperature sensor to be removed and replaced without compromising either the ambient region or the process

A

Thermowell

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192
Q

Thermowells installed in systems with operating temperatures above ___ should be positioned vertically to prevent gradual sagging of the protective tube

A

400 degrees F

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193
Q

The comparison of a measurement system or device of unverified accuracy with a measurement system of known and greater accuracy to detect and correct any deviation from required performance specifications of the unverified measurement system or device

A

Gauge calibration

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194
Q

Maximum length of time established between calibration services during which equipment is expected to remain within acceptable performance levels under normal conditions of handling and use

A

Calibration interval

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195
Q

All instrumentation must be calibrated using an __

A

Instrument Calibration Procedure (ICP)

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196
Q

ICP

A

Instrument Calibration Procedure

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197
Q

Current ICPs will be issued to the ___ by ___

A

MATs

MLCLANT

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198
Q

CG calibration intervals are ___ for most pressure gauges and pressure transducers, ___ for metres, and ___ for temperature gauges

A

24 months
24 months
36 months

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199
Q

Pressure gauges located in weapons spaces shall be calibrated at ___ intervals

A

12 months

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200
Q

Calibration sticker has four pieces of information

A

Date calibrated
Next due date
FCA lab code
Technician performing the calibration

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201
Q

Indicate that a gauge was calibrated and accurately indicated the pressure on the day of calibration and when it is due to be calibrated again

A

Calibrated stickers

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202
Q

Indicates that the gauge failed when tested

A

Rejected sticker

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203
Q

Colour or rejection sticker

A

Red

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204
Q

Used on systems and gauges that do not measure critical pressures or temperatures

A

Calibration NOT required sticker

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205
Q

A gauge is deemed to be critical if when it inaccurately reflects an equipment parametre, the result is ___

A

Serious equipment damage
Personal injury
Jeopardised cutter mission
Potential violation of environmental regulations

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206
Q

Any device used to control fluids in a closed system

A

Valve

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207
Q

The discs and seats of alloy steel valves are usually surfaced with __

A

Chromium cobalt alloy known as Stellite

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208
Q

Brass and bronze valves are never used in systems where the temperatures exceed ___

A

550 degrees F

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209
Q

___ valves are used for all services above 500 degrees F, and in lower temperature systems, where internal or external conditions of high pressure, vibration, or shock would be too severe

A

Steel

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210
Q

__ valves are used almost exclusively in systems that carry salt water

A

Bronze

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211
Q

Two general groups of valves

A

Stop valves

Check valves

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212
Q

Used to control the flow of fluid or air in a system, may also be referred to as flow control valves

A

Stop valves

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213
Q

Three types of valve stem configurations on a stop valve

A

Non-rising
Rising
Outside screw and yoke

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214
Q

The stem is threaded and the gate or disc travels up and down on the stem

A

Non-rising

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215
Q

The stem is threaded with the bonnet assembly. The stem travels up and down through the packing

A

Rising

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216
Q

The stem is threaded with the yoke and handwheel assembly. The stem travels up through the packing, yoke, and handwheel

A

Outside yoke and screw

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217
Q

Five groups of stop valves

A 
Globe
Gate
Butterfly
Ball
Plug
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218
Q

Most common type of stop valve in the CG

A

Globe valve

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219
Q

Globular shaped body, three types of functions: Straight-flow, angle-flow, and cross-flow. Throttling valve, position of disk regulates flow, can be installed in either direction. Normally installed so flow is to the bottom of the disk

A

Globe valve

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220
Q

Used when a straight-flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction are needed. The valve portion that controls the flow acts like a gate. Allow maximum flow when opened fully

A

Gate valve

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221
Q

Two types of gate valves

A

Rising stem

Non-rising stem

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222
Q

Gate valves are not used for ___

A

Throttling

223
Q

Small, lightweight, and quick-acting valve, provides positive shutoff, and can also be used for throttling

A

Butterfly valve

224
Q

Stop valves that use a ball to stop or start the flow of fluid

A

Ball valves

225
Q

Rotary valve similar to a ball valve. It controls flow by means of a cylindrical or tapered plug with a hole in the center that lines up with the flow path of the valve to permit flow

A

Plug valve

226
Q

Plug valve in smaller form used to provide a quick, rapid source to drain overpressure or dregs from tanks or storage bins

A

Petcock

227
Q

Simple type of DCV. Allow the fluid or gas to flow in one direction only

A

Check valves

228
Q

Three types of check valves

A

Swing pivot
Vertical lift
Spring-loaded

229
Q

This check valve uses gravity to keep it closed

A

Swing pivot check valve

230
Q

Operates in the same manner as the swing pivot check valve, except the element moves in an up and down motion

A

Vertical lift check valve

231
Q

This check valve uses a spring to hold the valve shut

A

Spring-loaded check valve

232
Q

Three types of spring-loaded check valves

A

Ball
Poppet
Sleeve

233
Q

Two basic types of check valves

A

Simple

Compound

234
Q

Used in a fluid system or air system to maintain fluid lines at or near a preset pressure

A

Regulating valves

235
Q

Operates in a similar manner to a globe valve. Designed with a long-tapered needle and seat. The needle acts as the disk. Very fine threads allow flow rates to be controlled very accurately

A

Needle valve

236
Q

Based on temperature, an element inside of the valve expands or contracts, which in turn regulates the flow of liquid

A

Thermostatic expansion valve

237
Q

Two types of thermostatic expansion valves

A

Single-acting

Three-way

238
Q

Electromechanical device which controls the flow of a gas or liquid

A

Solenoid

239
Q

Best way to extend the life of a valve

A

Preventive maintenance

240
Q

If it is necessary to remove a valve from the system, ensure the valve is marked for ___

A

Direction of flow
Valve position
Flange alignment
Relief valve discharge direction

241
Q

The method used to visually determine whether the seat and the disk of a valve make good contact with each other is called ___

A

Spotting-in

242
Q

When spotting-in, rotate the disk ___

A

1/4 turn

243
Q

Use ___ when spotting in

A

Prussian Blue (Blue Dykem)

244
Q

The manual process used to remove small irregularities by grinding together the contact surfaces of the seat and disk

A

Grinding-in

245
Q

Process used to remove irregularities that are larger than can be removed by grinding in

A

Lapping

246
Q

Exactly the same size and shape as the valve disk used to true the valve seat surface

A

Lap

247
Q

Two methods of cutting packing

A

Butt or square joint

Bevel or skive

248
Q

Packing cut only used on preformed types

A

Step cut or step joint

249
Q

All vital valves should be operated ___ from fully opened to fully closed

A

Monthly

250
Q

White valve

A

Steam

251
Q

Dark blue valve

A

Potable water

252
Q

Light gray valve

A

Nitrogen

253
Q

Dark grey valve

A

HP air

254
Q

Tan valve

A

LP air

255
Q

Light green valve

A

Oxygen

256
Q

Dark green valve

A

Salt water

257
Q

Purple valve

A

JP-5

258
Q

Yellow valve

A

Fuel oil/gasoline

259
Q

Stripped yellow/black valve

A

Lube oil

260
Q

Red valve

A

Fire plug

261
Q

Stripped red/green valve

A

Foam discharge

262
Q

Light blue valve

A

Feed water

263
Q

Orange valve

A

Hydraulic

264
Q

Chartreuse valve

A

Hydrogen

265
Q

Buff valve

A

Helium

266
Q

Striped buff/green valve

A

Helium/oxygen

267
Q

Gold valve

A

Sewage

268
Q

Improper selection and/or installation of piping and tubing components could result in ___

A

Serious power loss
Ruptured hose assembly
Harmful liquid contamination

269
Q

Assembly of pipe and/or tubing, valves, fittings, and other related components

A

Piping

270
Q

Form a whole system or part of a system, used to transfer liquids and gases through a cutter, small boat, or station

A

Piping

271
Q

Pipe and pipe fittings are classified by ___

A

Nominal size and wall thickness

272
Q

Any metal having a high content of carbon containing iron

A

Ferrous metal

273
Q

Mixture of copper and nickel

A

Copper alloy

274
Q

Common percentages of copper and nickel within a copper alloy are ___

A

90-10 and 70-30

275
Q

The nickel in a copper alloy gives it ___

A

Strength

276
Q

Plastic materials should only be used on ____ piping systems

A

Nonvital

277
Q

PVC is used for ___

A

Cold water due to its incompatibility with heat

278
Q

ABS is used for ___

A

Drain lines

279
Q

Colour of PVC

A

White

280
Q

Colour of ABS

A

Black

281
Q

The pipe’s actual inside measurement will vary depending on wall thickness. This measurement is also known as the pipe’s ___

A

Nominal pipe size (NPS)

282
Q

A pipe that measures 1/8” to 12” in diametre is sized by its ___

A

Nominal ID (approximate internal measurement)

283
Q

A pipe that measures over 12” in diametre is sized by __

A

Its actual OD (outside diametre)

284
Q

When wall thickness increases or decreases, the outside diametre will ___

A

Remain the same

285
Q

Three common grades of piping

A

Standard
Extra strong
Double extra strong

286
Q

Identifies what material is flowing through the pipe

A

Painting the pipe

287
Q

Piping on weather decks shall be painted ___

A

The same colour as the surrounding structure

288
Q

Piping shall be marked to ___

A

Show the functional name of the system that the piping is going to
Show direction of flow

289
Q

Piping passing through unmanned spaces shall be labeled __

A

Once per space

290
Q

Piping passing through machinery spaces shall be labeled ___

A

Twice, once when it enters the space, and once near the exit

291
Q

Pipe markings shall be made with __

A

Stencils and black paint

292
Q

Stencil size is determined by ___

A

Outside diametre of the pipe or covering which is being marked

293
Q

When pipes are too small for stenciling ___

A

Use of wire labels is acceptable

294
Q

Permit piping to be taken down for repair and alteration

A

Unions

295
Q

Four parts to a union

A

Two tail pieces, one union ring, gasket or seat

296
Q

Connects two pieces of the same diametre pipe together. Has female threads on both ends

A

Coupling

297
Q

Also known as a bell reducer

A

Reducer coupling

298
Q

Used to join two sections of pipe of different size. One opening is larger than the other, and both openings have female threads

A

Reducer coupling

299
Q

Used to connect pipe of one size to a fitting of a larger size. One end of the bushing has female threads and the other end has male threads

A

Reducer bushing

300
Q

Used to provide branches in a piping system. Four openings at 90 degree angles from one another. All openings are female threads

A

Cross fitting

301
Q

Used to provide branches in a piping system. Three openings in the shape of a T. All openings have female threads

A

T-fitting

302
Q

Used to change direction of piping, female ends

A

Elbows

303
Q

Common angles of elbows

A

45, 60, 90

304
Q

Used to cap off the ends of pipes, has female threads

A

Pipe cap

305
Q

Used to plug the ends of fittings, has male threads

A

Pipe plugs

306
Q

Pre-manufactured short lengths of pipe with male threads

A

Pipe nipples

307
Q

Pipe nipples come in three lengths

A

Close, short, long

308
Q

Any fitting with one of the openings smaller than the others

A

Reducing fittings

309
Q

Pipe may be cut with ___

A

Pipe cutter
Hacksaw
Chop saw with aluminium oxide blade
Horizontal band saw

310
Q

Designed specifically for cutting pipe. Equipped with an adjustable jaw with a sharp cutting wheel and two rollers

A

Pipe cutters

311
Q

Pipe cutter should be turned in the direction of __

A

The opening of the cutter

312
Q

Two sizes of pipe cutters

A

No. 2 pipe cutter

No. 4 pipe cutter

313
Q

No. 2 pipe cutter

A

Cutting capacity of 1/8” to 2”

314
Q

No. 4 pipe cutter

A

Cutting capacity of 2” to 4”

315
Q

A __ is used to cut nonferrous pipe that is to be brazed or soldered

A

Saw

316
Q

Pointed or conical device with blades that remove burrs. The ratcheting handle is used to rotate the ream while light pressure is used to force the ream into the pipe end

A

Pipe ream

317
Q

Once a plastic pipe has been cut, the outside edges should be __

A

Beveled approximately 1/16” at a 10 to 15 degree angle with a coarse file

318
Q

Two types of threads on pipes

A

Parallel

Taper

319
Q

Taper threads are denoted by ___

A

The letter R

320
Q

Parallel threads are denoted by ___

A

The letter G

321
Q

A pipe die is rotated in a ___ direction

A

Clockwise

322
Q

Pipe over __ is best threaded on a machine

A

2 inches

323
Q

Used to manually thread pipe

A

Die sets

324
Q

Five types of die sets

A 
Drop head
One-piece
Screw adjust pipe die
Two-piece rectangular pipe die
Two-piece collet pipe die
325
Q

Machines that can cut and thread pipe

A

Pipe threading machines

326
Q

The tightness of a threaded connection is a result of __

A

The clearance between the threads

327
Q

A pipe die that is adjusted inward will cause the clearance between the threads to ___

A

Increase

328
Q

Three products to prevent threads from seizing together

A

Teflon anti-seize tape
Anti-seize compound
Pipe dope

329
Q

White and comes in small rolls, keeps fittings from seizing, also acts as a seal. It does not have adhesive, and is very thin, conforms to shape of the threads

A

Teflon tape

330
Q

Do not use teflon tape on __

A

Petroleum systems, natural gas systems

331
Q

Wrap teflon tape in the __

A

Opposite direction of the thread rotation

332
Q

Do not use anti-seize compound on __

A

Potable water systems

333
Q

Always use anti-seize compound on __

A

Stainless steel

334
Q

Thick pasty substance used to seal threads

A

Pipe sealing compound

335
Q

Sealing compound used on petroleum systems

A

Pipe sealing compound

336
Q

Most common way to join plastic pipe

A

Solvent welding

337
Q

Solvents in plastic pipe joining work by ___

A

Breaks down the pipe and fitting, and then the two pieces harden together

338
Q

Store plastic pipe and fittings to be joined in an area of the same temperature for ___ prior to joining

A

1 hour

339
Q

Do not solvent weld plastic pipe if the temperature is above ___ or below ___

A

90 degrees F

40 degrees F

340
Q

Allow a minimum of __ drying time before testing plastic pipes which have been solvent welded

A

48 hours

341
Q

When solvent welding, twist the two pieces __

A

1/4 turn

342
Q

When solvent welding, hold the joint together for ___

A

10 to 15 seconds

343
Q

When solvent welding, do not move the pipe for ___

A

2 minutes

344
Q

Serves the same function as piping, it can be either rigid or flexible

A

Tubing

345
Q

The essential difference between pipe and tubing is __

A

Wall thickness

346
Q

Tubing has __ walls

A

Thinner

347
Q

Tubing can never be ___

A

Threaded

348
Q

Sizes of tubing are listed by ___

A

Actual OD and wall thickness

349
Q

Copper tubing is primarily used in ___

A

Low pressure applications where vibration is limited

350
Q

Copper tubing has a tendency to ___

A

Harden and break due to stress and vibration

351
Q

Three types of copper tubing

A

K
L
M

352
Q

Primarily used for general purpose plumbing and underground service

A

Type K copper tubing

353
Q

Solely used in a general plumbing environment

A

Type L copper tubing

354
Q

Used with soldered fittings only. It is hard drawn and it will come in straight lengths

A

Type M copper tubing

355
Q

Types K & L may be either __

A

Hard tempered or annealed

356
Q

Used in flow lines for fluids and gases in pneumatic, hydraulic, or process applications, or for specialised uses such as medical or food processing

A

Stainless steel tubing

357
Q

Two most commonly used steel grades for tubing are ___

A

304 and 316

358
Q

304 stainless steel tubing comes in three different finishes

A

White pickled (No. 1 unpolished)
Bright annealed
Polished OD and ID

359
Q

316 stainless steel tubing comes in two different finishes

A

Bright annealed

Polished finish that has been pickled

360
Q

Similar to PVC but it is better for handling corrosive water at temperatures 40 to 60 degrees F above the limits for other vinyl plastics

A

CPVC

361
Q

CPVC functions at ___ in pressure systems

A

180 degrees F

362
Q

Six ways to join metal pipe

A 
Welded joint
Silver brazed joint
Threaded joint
Soldered joint
Expansion joint
Flanged joint
363
Q

Tubing can be cut with __

A

Hacksaw

Tubing cutter

364
Q

If using a hacksaw to cut tubing, it should have a pitch of ___

A

32 teeth per inch

365
Q

Preferred method for cutting tubing

A

Tubing cutter

366
Q

After each complete turn of the tubing cutter, turn the adjusting handle __

A

1/8th of a turn

367
Q

Flexible copper pipes can be joined using

A

Soldering

Compression fittings or flared fittings

368
Q

The objective of tube bending

A

Obtain a smooth bend without flattening the tube

369
Q

Has a radius block that is marked in degrees, and it consists of a handle, a bend ranging from 0 to 180 degrees, a radius block, a clip, and a slide bar

A

Hand tube bender

370
Q

Mechanical tube bender bends tubes from ___

A

1/4 to 3/4 inch in diametre

371
Q

Used as a means of making a tubing connection when periodic disconnection is required. Have a compression ring known as a ferrule which fits over the tube. Then a compression nut fits over the ferrule and into the fitting which, when tightened down compresses the ferrules onto the tubing

A

Compression fittings

372
Q

Method of making a tubing connection when it is necessary to periodically disassemble the connection. A threaded female connecting nut is placed onto the tubing, and then the end of the tubing is flared. The flared end fits onto a cone-shaped male connector, and the two connectors are joined and tightened

A

Flared fittings

373
Q

Used to make single or double flares in the ends of soft copper, brass, or aluminium tubing

A

Flaring tools

374
Q

Forming process in which a metal tube end is expanded to a desired size or shape by forcing it into a rotating or stationary swaging tool into the end of the tube or pipe

A

Swaging

375
Q

Fuel gas made up of carbon and hydrogen (C2 and H2)

A

Acetylene

376
Q

Acetylene flame can reach temperatures of ___

A

5700 and 6300 degrees F

377
Q

Colour or Acetylene

A

Colourless

378
Q

Acetylene is unstable at pressures above ___

A

15 psi

379
Q

Acetylene is extremely hazardous at pressures greater than __

A

25 psi

380
Q

Acetylene/air mixtures can be ignited when they contain anywhere from ___ Acetylene

A

2.5 to 80 percent

381
Q

Oxygen is stored in __

A

Green cylinders

382
Q

Green cylinder with one white stripe at the top

A

Technical grade or medical grade oxygen

383
Q

Green cylinder with two white stripes at the top

A

Aviation grade oxygen, with low moisture content

384
Q

Aviation oxygen is used for all purposes on board a ship except

A

Medical usage

385
Q

Oxygen cylinders must be labeled ___

A

Twice in locations opposite each other

386
Q

When an oxygen cylinder is a shatterproof cylinder, it will be labeled ___

A

NON SHAT

387
Q

OIL FREE label on gas cylinder means that ___

A

The cylinder was filled using a procedure that had no oil

388
Q

Acetylene can be compressed into cylinders up to __

A

250 psi

389
Q

Oxygen can be compressed into cylinders up to __

A

2000 psi

390
Q

Size of compressed gas cylinder is determined by __

A

The amount of cubic ft it will hold

391
Q

Acetylene cylinders must be standing up on end for __ prior to use

A

2 hours

392
Q

Leave cylinders with at least __ in them

A

25 psi

393
Q

Mark empty cylinders __

A

MT

394
Q

Store oxygen and acetylene a minimum of __ apart

A

20 feet

395
Q

Do not store cylinders in temperatures above __

A

130 degrees F

396
Q

Only the __ can give permission to store cylinders below decks

A

CO

397
Q

Only open the acetylene valve ___

A

1/2 turn

398
Q

Two common safety devices in gas cylinders

A

Fusible plug

Unbacked safety cap

399
Q

Hex shaped plug that is threaded into the cylinder or cylinder valve. Melts at a specified temperature

A

Fusible plug

400
Q

Consists of a frangible disc that covers a port in the valve body, referred to as the rupture disc. When the pressure exceeds 3360 psi the disc will break

A

Unbacked safety cap

401
Q

Reduces the pressure in the cylinder to a workable pressure

A

Regulator

402
Q

Regulators have two gauges

A

Delivery (working) pressure

Cylinder pressure

403
Q

Two types of regulators

A

Single stage

Double stage

404
Q

This regulator requires no adjustment as the cylinder pressure decreases

A

Double stage

405
Q

Acetylene threads are __

A

Left handed

406
Q

Colour of acetylene hose

A

Red

407
Q

Malfunction that allows the flame to travel into and beyond the mixing chamber

A

Flashback

408
Q

Stops the flame from traveling backward through the system

A

Flashback arrestor

409
Q

Momentary burning of flame into the tip

A

Backfire

410
Q

Have internal mixing chamber that mixes the gas to produce a single flame, tubular in shape and bent to 65 degrees, also comes in 90 degrees. Tip is tapered slightly. The tip size determines the temperature

A

Welding/brazing attachments

411
Q

Used for general purpose heating and is commonly known as a rose bud

A

Heating attachment

412
Q

Commonly used to preheat and postheat weldments, it may be used to braze very large fittings. It is shaped like a welding/brazing attachment with an oversize, multiple orifice tip

A

Heating attachment

413
Q

Used to remove carbon and slag buildup from the tips of the attachments

A

Tip cleaner

414
Q

Shaded lens to use for light brazing or small fittings

A

3

415
Q

Shaded lens to use for light gas cutting, brazing, and plasma cutting

A

5

416
Q

Shaded lens to use for medium gas cutting and welding

A

6-7

417
Q

Shaded lens to use for heavy gas cutting and welding

A

8-9

418
Q

Only use a ___ to light the torch

A

Striker

419
Q

Three types of flames that can be generated

A

Carburizing (reducing), neutral, oxidising

420
Q

Pure acetylene flame is __

A

Long and bushy with a yellowish colour

421
Q

Burning an excess of acetylene produces this flame, achieved by opening the oxygen valve slowly until you have an inner bluish while cone with a greenish feather at the end surrounded by a bluish flame.

A

Carburizing (reducing) flame

422
Q

Carburizing flame is how hot?

A

5700 degree F

423
Q

In the carburizing flame, the greenish feather should be ___

A

About twice the length of the inner cone

424
Q

Three distinct colours of the carburizing flame

A

Bluish-white inner cone
Greenish feather
Light-blue outer flame

425
Q

Produced by burning equal parts of oxygen and acetylene. Obtained by opening the oxygen valve further until the greenish feather disappears and clearly defined inner cones are visible

A

Neutral flame

426
Q

The neutral flame is how hot?

A

5900 degrees F

427
Q

This flame is used for welding, brazing, and cutting operations

A

Neutral flame

428
Q

The oxidising flame is how hot?

A

6300 degrees F

429
Q

Produced by burning an excess of oxygen. Achieved by opening the oxygen valve further until you see a short outer flame and small blue inner cone

A

Oxidising flame

430
Q

This flame makes a hissing sound

A

Oxidising flame

431
Q

The oxidising flame makes the steel __

A

Bubble and spark

432
Q

The inner cone is somewhat pointed and purplish at the tip

A

Oxidising flame

433
Q

Method of making a permanent connection between metals which uses a lower temperature than brazing

A

Soldering

434
Q

Soldering us used with temperatures below __

A

800 degrees F

435
Q

Unlike glue with forms a solely physical adhesive bond, solder __

A

Chemically reacts with the other metals to form a different alloy

436
Q

Four basic elements of soldering

A

Base metals
Flux
Solder
Heat

437
Q

Metals that readily react with solder to form strong chemical and physical bonds. They include copper, bronze, silver, brass, and some steels

A

Base metals

438
Q

Metals that are difficult or impossible to solder include __

A

Aluminium, high alloy steels, and cast iron

439
Q

The more oxidation present, the __ the solder bond

A

Weaker

440
Q

Primary material used to overcome problems caused by oxidation

A

Flux

441
Q

Two general classes of flux

A

Acid-based

Non-acid based

442
Q

Flux both cleans and prevents oxidation, it is corrosive

A

Acid-based

443
Q

Flux prevents oxidation but does not clean

A

Non-acid based

444
Q

Often applied to the surface of the base metals prior to soldering

A

Flux

445
Q

Its primary purpose is to stop the base metals from oxidising while they are being heated to the soldering temperature

A

Flux

446
Q

Solder for P/W systems is made from __

A

95% tin and 5% antimony

447
Q

P/W system solder is referred to as __

A

95-5 solder

448
Q

It is the custom of the solder industry to state the __ content first

A

Tin

449
Q

Largest portion of all solders in use

A

Tin-lead

450
Q

The higher the tin content, the __ the melting temperature

A

Lower

451
Q

Tin increasing the __ ability and lowers the __ of the solder

A

Wetting

Cracking potential

452
Q

Antimony increases the ___ of the solder

A

Strength and mechanical properties

453
Q

How much antimony can be in solder?

A

Up to 6%

454
Q

Solder used for joining aluminium alloys

A

Tin-zinc

455
Q

91/9 and 60/40 tin-zinc solders are for __

A

Higher temperature ranges (over 300 degrees F)

456
Q

80/20 and 70/30 tin-zinc alloys are normally used as ___

A

Pre-coating solders

457
Q

Solder used for refrigeration work or for joining copper to cast-iron joints. The most common is 95/5

A

Tin-antimony

458
Q

Solder useful where strength at moderately high temperatures is required

A

Lead-silver

459
Q

Used where there is a need to have cadmium and lead-free solder

A

Tin-silver

460
Q

Can be used as a replacement for tin-antimony solder (95/5)

A

Tin-silver

461
Q

This process uses nonferrous filler metal that melts below 840 degrees F in which the base metal is not melted. The filler metal is distributed in the joint by capillary action

A

Soldering

462
Q

This process uses nonferrous filler metal that melts above 840 degrees F in which the base metal is not melted. The filler metal is distributed in the joint by capillary action

A

Brazing

463
Q

Refrigerants produce __ when heated

A

Phosgene gas

464
Q

Ability of a liquid to move into a small, tightly fitted space

A

Capillary action

465
Q

To have successfully brazed a joint __ must have occurred

A

Capillary action

466
Q

When a very thin continuous film of filler metal coats the base metal

A

Tinning

467
Q

Tinning is produced by ___

A

Capillary action

468
Q

Process by which heat flows from molecules in metal

A

Conduction

469
Q

In the molten state, filler metal flows from the __ to the ___ areas

A

Colder

Hotter

470
Q

Refers to the fit between two members to be brazed

A

Fit-up

471
Q

Best way to clean surfaces to be brazed

A

Sand them with an emery cloth

472
Q

All brazing operations require the use of a __

A

Flux

473
Q

Flux used for high temperatures (up to 1800 degrees F) and is good for steel brazing

A

Black flux

474
Q

Flux used for lower temperature (1100 to 1500 degrees F) applications

A

White flux

475
Q

Brazing filler metals are ___

A

Nonferrous metals or alloys

476
Q

Filler metals containing __ produce the strongest joints

A

Silver

477
Q

Grades 0, I, and II are suitable for joining ___ (filler metal)

A

Ferrous metals

478
Q

Grade III is intended only for brazing ___

A

Copper and copper-base alloys

479
Q

Grade IV is used for joining ___ except those having melting points __ than the filler metal

A

Ferrous and nonferrous metals

Lower

480
Q

Grade V is used when the ___ but ___

A

Characteristics of Grade IV are required

Where close tolerances cannot be maintained or when the addition of a filler is desired

481
Q

This grade should be used to braze carbide tool tips to steel shanks

A

Grade V

482
Q

The size of the brazing tip is determined by ___

A

The size of the joint to be brazed

483
Q

Two methods used in brazing joints

A

Feed-in method

Insert method

484
Q

Sticks or wire filler metal is manually fed into the joint once it is heated to the proper temperature. This is the most common method

A

Feed-in method

485
Q

A ring of filler metal is inserted into the joint before it is heated. When heated, the filler metal melts and is distributed through the joint

A

Insert method

486
Q

When brazing, the tip is held how far from the joint?

A

2 to 4 inches

487
Q

When loosening flange bolts, loosen the bolts in a __ pattern

A

Criss-cross

488
Q

Sealing materials fall into one of two categories

A

Static seal

Dynamic seal

489
Q

Seal used in joints where there is no relative motion between the seal and any parts in contact with the seal. Frequently referred to as a gasket

A

Static seal

490
Q

Sealing device used between parts that have relative motion such as piston or shaft seals. Frequently referred to as packing

A

Dynamic seal

491
Q

Five sealing device materials

A 
Synthetic rubber
Cork
Metal
Fabric material
Asbestos
492
Q

This sealing material is very popular in piping applications because it will not deteriorate when it comes in contact with petroleum products

A

Synthetic rubber

493
Q

Temperature range of synthetic rubber

A

-65 to 700 degrees F

494
Q

Very popular sealing material, but has a limited use in hydraulics. Good compressibility, can be cut to almost any shape, temperature range up to 270 degrees F

A

Cork

495
Q

Widely used material for sealing device, holds its shape well

A

Metal

496
Q

Temperature range of copper metal sealing devices

A

Up to 450 degrees F

497
Q

Most common metal for metal sealing devices

A

Copper

498
Q

Temperature range of fabric material sealing device

A

Up to about 200 degrees F

499
Q

This sealing material is derived from a natural formation of magnesia and silica

A

Asbestos

500
Q

This sealing material has the highest temperature range and can be used up to 1000 degrees F

A

Asbestos

501
Q

Two methods of cutting a gasket

A

Gasket cutting kit

Ball-peen hammer

502
Q

One of the first sealing systems considered when a fluid closure is designed

A

O-ring

503
Q

Solid-ribber, doughnut-shaped seals. Can form both static or dynamic seals

A

O-rings

504
Q

Groove or cavity that O-ring is mounted in

A

Gland

505
Q

When installed, the ___ of the O-ring cross section enables it to seal low fluid pressures

A

Compression

506
Q

Fabricate an O-ring with __

A

O-ring splicing kit

507
Q

Six common O-ring failures

A 
Abrasions
Compression set
Chemical degradation
Explosive decompression
Installation damage
Overcompression
508
Q

O-ring exhibits a flat surface parallel to the direction of motion. Loose particles and scrapes may be found on surface

A

Abrasion

509
Q

Contributing factors to O-ring abrasion

A

Rough sealing surfaces. Excessive temperature. Process environment containing abrasive particles

510
Q

Suggested solutions for O-ring abrasion

A

Use recommended gland surface finish. Consider internally lubed elastomers. Eliminate abrasive components

511
Q

O-ring exhibits a flat-sided cross section and the flat sides correspond to the mating seal surfaces

A

Compression set

512
Q

Contributing factors to O-ring compression set

A

Excessive compression. Excessive temperature. Incompletely cured elastomers. Elastomer with high compression set. Excessive volume swell in chemical

513
Q

Suggested solutions for O-ring compression set

A

Proper gland design for specific elastomer. Confirm material compatibility

514
Q

O-ring may exhibit many signs of degradation including blisters, cracks, voids, or discolouration. In some cases the degradation is observable only by measurement of the physical deterioration of the O-ring

A

Chemical degradation

515
Q

Contributing factors to O-ring chemical degradation

A

Incompatibility with the chemical and/or thermal environment

516
Q

Suggested solutions for O-ring chemical degradation

A

Confirm material compatibility

517
Q

O-ring exhibits blisters, pits, or pocks on its surface. Absorption of gas at high pressure and the subsequent rapid decrease in pressure. The absorbed gas blisters and ruptures the elastomer surface as the pressure is rapidly removed

A

Explosive decompression

518
Q

Contributing factors to O-ring explosive decompression

A

Rapid pressure changes. Low modulus/hardness elastomer

519
Q

Suggested solutions to O-ring explosive decompression

A

Confirm material compatibility

520
Q

The O-ring or parts of the O-ring may exhibit small cuts, nicks, or gashes

A

Installation damage

521
Q

Contributing factors to O-ring installation damage

A

Sharp edges on glands or components. Improper sizing of elastomer. Elastomer surface contamination

522
Q

Suggested solutions to O-ring installation damage

A

Remove all sharp edges in area of O-ring. Make sure that the gland design is proper

523
Q

O-ring exhibits parallel flat surfaces and may develop circumferential splits within the flattened surfaces

A

Overcompression

524
Q

Contributing factors to O-ring overcompression

A

Improper design or excessive compression

525
Q

Suggested solutions for O-ring overcompression

A

Gland designs should take into account the material responses to chemical and thermal environments

526
Q

Protects the relatively soft insulation material from abuse as a result of people climbing over piping and the necessary handling of equipment. It supports the insulation material that is subject to continuous vibration and provides a smooth surface for painting

A

Pipe lagging

527
Q

Three types of lagging materials

A

Fibrous glass cloth and tape
Fibrous glass metallic cloth and tape
Metal lagging

528
Q

Fibrous glass cloth and tape lagging is suitable for temperatures up to __

A

450 degrees F

529
Q

Fibrous glass metallic cloth and tape lagging is suitable up to __

A

450 degrees F

530
Q

All pipe joints are to lapped by the lagging by at least __

A

2 inches

531
Q

Commonly used on piping components that must be removed for repair or replacement such as valves, strainers, pumps, and compressors

A

Flanges

532
Q

The secondary purpose of flange shielding

A

To prevent burns or other hazards that may affect the crewmember working on or near the system

533
Q

Flange or spray shields are usually made of __

A

Aluminised glass cloth

534
Q

Information concerning the use and installation of flange safety shields is found in __

A

NSTM, Chapter 505

535
Q

Flange shields shall be placed on ___ if they contain flammable fluids

A

Piping flanges
Filters
Strainers

536
Q

Protective shields are used to direct fluid spray away from ___

A

Watchstanders
Hot surfaces
Running equipment

537
Q

Provide spray shields for flanged joints and valve bonnets in piping containing L/O and hydraulic fluids located in a direct plane of, and __ from an electrical switchboard, electrical equipment, enclosure, or motor

A

10 feet or less

538
Q

A hot surface is one whose temperature exceeds __

A

400 degrees F

539
Q

For L/O or hydraulic oil a hot surface is one whose surface exceeds __

A

650 degrees F

540
Q

Inspect flange shielding how often?

A

Quarterly

541
Q

Used to clean welds, remove burrs, sharpen tools, dress up torch cuts, and buff sheet metal

A

Bench grinder

542
Q

The size of a grinding wheel is given in terms of __

A

Diametre in inches
Diametre of its spindle hole
Width of its face

543
Q

An aluminium oxide abrasive wheel will permit you to work on what four types of material?

A

Carbon and alloy steel
High-speed steel
Cast alloys
Malleable iron

544
Q

A silicon carbide abrasive wheel will permit you to work on what three types of material?

A

Nonferrous metals
Nonmetallic materials
Cemented carbides

545
Q

Set the tool rest on the bench grinder __away from the wheel face, and never closer than __

A

1/8 inch

1/16 inch

546
Q

To restore the original flat face of the grinder wheel, use a ___

A

Dresser tool

547
Q

Upright drill presses are almost always __ driven

A

Belt

548
Q

When drilling steel or wrought iron, use ___

A

Cutting oil

549
Q

How to cool cast iron as you drill

A

Compressed air

550
Q

How to cool copper as you drill

A

Oleic acid

551
Q

How to cool monel as you drill

A

Sulphurised mineral oil

552
Q

How to cool ferrous metals as you drill

A

Water, lard, or soluble oil and soda water

553
Q

Which metals may be drilled dry at high speeds?

A

Cast iron, aluminium, brass, and others

554
Q

What does soda water do when using it as a cooling medium while drilling

A

Reduces heat, overcomes rust, and improves the finish

MK3 (10 decks)

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