Fluids Flashcards
Substance capable of reducing friction, heat, and wear when introduced as a film between moving parts
Lubricant
Three basic types of lubricant
Dry (graphite)
Wet
Mineral-based
Five characteristics of lubricants
Viscosity Viscosity index Pour point Flash point Fire point
Measure of the oil’s internal friction or resistance to flow
Viscosity
Indicates the influence of temperature on a particular type of oil
Viscosity index
Lowest temperature at which the lubricant will flow from a container
Pour point
Most lube oils have a natural pour point of ranging from
10 - 25 degrees F
Minimum temperature at which the lubricant will give off a sufficient quantity of vapor to ignite when exposed to an open flame
Flash point
Minimum temperature at which the lubricant will give off a sufficient quantity of vapor to ignite and continue to burn when exposed to an open flame
Fire point
The fire point of a lubricant ranges from approximately _____ higher than the flash point
10 - 70 degrees F
Encourage foam to dissipate rapidly in oil
Anti-foam additives
The products of oxidisation include
Organic acids
Oxy-hydrocarbons
Clean the engine and minimise the amount of harmful sludge deposits
Detergent additives
Allow the lube oil to meet two or more viscosity levels
Viscosity index improvers
Four causes of lube oil contamination
Fuel dilution
Acid contamination
Water
Insolubles
Naval engineering manual, COMDTINST M9000.6 (series), identifies that viscosity limits of ___ increase and ___ fuel dilution are allowable
40%
5%
Identifies the viscosity limits of lube oil
Naval Engineering Manual, COMDTINST M9000.6 (series)
Occurs during combustion when sulfur is in the fuel
Acid contamination
Water contamination in a used oil sample indicate ___
Adverse operating conditions or a coolant leak
Three products of oxidation
Sludge
Varnish
Acids
Oxidation results from a combination of ___
High temperatures
Constant mixing with blowby gasses
Air in contact with metal surfaces
Two methods of shipboard oil testing
Visage viscosity comparator
Gerin falling ball comparator DCA 300 test kit
Engine lube oil may increase in acidity due to combustion byproducts containing ____
Nitrogen and sulfur
What colour on the acid test indicates a satisfactory acidity level in the oil?
Blue
What colour on the acid test indicates too high of an acidity level
Yellow or green
Method by which metals in a fluid are measured in ppm
Spectrometric analysis
Units that submit oil samples for laboratory analysis will take samples how often?
Every 250 hours or quarterly
Which units must submit oil samples for laboratory analysis?
Cutters 65 and longer
Newly overhauled engines shall have oil samples drawn and submitted after ___
1, 25, and 50 hours
Upon striking aboard new oil, submit a new oil sample from the storage tank to the testing facility ___
As soon as possible
After an oil and filter change, allow a minimum of ___ before sampling
25 operating hours
Never take an oil sample immediately after ___
An oil change or oil addition to the sump
When is it required that the SSDG’s have the oil tested?
If oil change intervals exceed 750 hours
Oil Analysis Request
DD Form 2026
Oil sample bottles which are being sent out are labeled with what five pieces of information?
Equipment type Oil type Date sample taken Time sample taken Hours of operation since last oil change
If an oil sample for any unit of equipment is not received by the testing facility within a ____ period, the lab will delete all historical data on that piece of equipment
240 day
FOWK
Fuel, oil, and water king
Person in charge of all aspects of fuel handling aboard a ship
FOWK
Engineer responsible for transfers and the accountability of liquids stored, received, and discharged aboard the vessel
FOWK
Has the overall responsibility over the FOWK
EO
Obtain a ___ before carrying out any hot work on fuel and lube oil systems and tanks
Hot work permit
What kind of flash lights should be used when working around and on fuel equipment and enclosed compartments?
Explosion-proof
Do not carry what kind of matches and lighters when working around fuel
Strike anywhere
Automatic
The presence of fuels in the bilge can be detected by ___
Spreading a thin coat of water indicating paste on one side of a metal rod, and fuel indicating paste on the other, and inserting the rod into the bilge liquid
Fuel tanks are considered ___
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
Permission to enter a tank known or suspected to contain fuel or fuel vapours must come from the ___
CO
Safety precautions and instructions for entering a fuel tank are prescribed in ____
NSTM Chapter 074, Volume 3
If fuel could potentially spray or drip on any surface reaching ____, shield that surface eve if it is insulated
400 degrees F
What are required of sounding tubes that terminate in hazardous areas?
Float ball check valves
F-76 was formerly known as ___
Diesel Fuel Marine (DFM)
Can be used as a substitute for F-76
Diesel Fuel #2 (DF2)
Colour of F-76
Clear to light amber
Flash point of F-76
140 degrees F
F-44 is also known as ___
JP-5
F-44 or JP-5 is best described as ____
Kerosene type jet fuel
Colour of JP-5
Clear to amber
Gasoline is classified as a ______ material
Category I Flammable
___ provides guidance on the stowage, handling, and disposal of gasoline and other hazardous general use consumables
NSTM Chapter 670
Gasoline containers shall be stowed ____
On the weather deck aft, so they can be readily jettisoned overboard
Gasoline storage areas shall be designated as ___
Gasoline hazard areas
Gasoline containers shall be labeled as ____
Flammable
Shipboard fuel quality problem is typically discovered via ____ and ___
High fuel filter differential pressures
Higher than normal rate for fuel filter change-outs
Four primary causes for fuel filter clogging problems
Contaminates
Chemical instability
Microbiological contamination
Incompatibility between fuel loads
Dark-coloured fuel may be an indication of ____
Contaminated fuel
If fuel becomes chemically unstable, it forms ___
Oxygenated particulates that will rapidly clog filters
The only corrective action for chemically unstable fuel is to ____
Offload the fuel and clean the tank
A black or brown, gel-like residue in fuel filter housings indicates ___
Chemically unstable fuel
In the clear and bright test, clear refers to ___
Absence of visible particulate matter
In the clear and bright test, bright refers to ___
Absence of suspended water droplets that appear as haziness or cloudiness
When conducting a clear and bright test, the fuel temperature must be at least ____
60 degrees F
If the fuel contamination appears to be water contamination ___
Increase sample temperature in a water bath by 25 degrees F
Engine jacket water systems shall never be directly connected with ____
Potable water supply
Wear what four ppe when testing or handling jacket water chemicals
Rubber gloves
Eye protection
Face shield
Rubber apron
When plain water is used as a coolant, liners can be penetrated in a matter of ____ of operation
500 hours
Cavitation causes ____
Liner pitting
If the liner is penetrated by cavitation, coolant and oil will ____
Coolant will flow into oil when the engine is shut down, and oil will flow into coolant when the engine is running
Most frequently liner pitting is found on the side of the liner where ____
The piston strikes just after the cylinder fires
Used to prevent liner pitting
Supplemental Coolant Treatments or Additives (SCT’s or SCA’s)
Form a protective microscopic film on the coolant side of the liner by transforming ferric oxide, which is very soft, into a compound FE3O5, which is very hard
Supplemental Coolant Treatments or Additives (SCT’s or SCA’s)
Antifreeze shall be used on ___
All boats less than or equal to 65 ft
All engines that utilize keel coolers
Sea water contamination is detected by testing the engine coolant for ___
Chloride
High quality water contains minimal amounts of ___
Hardness, chloride, and sulfate
Water shall be tested for conductivity or chloride. The maximum acceptable limit is ____ or ____
150 micromho per centimetre
40 ppm chloride
The coolant conductivity test is performed with a ___
Conductivity meter
Where make up water exceeds the limits, it will be recorded in ___
Engine coolant treatment log
Before initiating coolant treatment, the cooling system of an engine shall be ___
Inspected
The engine shall be operated within ___ of jacket water treatment
24 hours
A sample of J/W shall be obtained ___ after reaching operating temperature
10 - 60 minutes
Jacket water shall be tested at least ___
Monthly
Jacket water samples shall be tested within ___ of being drawn
1 hour
In the event that an engine is secured when a routine sample of the J/W is scheduled to be taken
It should be noted in the Engine Coolant Treatment Log
Allow the coolant sample to cool to ___ before testing
100 degrees F or less
J/W test strips are used to ___
Conduct semi-quantitative checks or spot tests
Colour wheel kits use ___
A defined colour to interpret the proper chemical composition
Provide a low cost colour interpretation method for titrimetric determinations
Drop count test kits
Provides the highest level of accuracy and repeatability for J/W testing
Colorimeter-based kits
Fast and easy-to-use method for testing the freezing point of glycol-based antifreeze
Refractometer
Uses light to measure the amount of propylene or ethylene gylcol and assigns a temperature reading based on an integrated scale
Refractometer
If the refractometer shows a blurry hazy image it indicates ___
Oil has been beaten or emulsified into the coolant
Chemical instabilities of fuel oil are called ___
Oxidisers
What type of jacket water test kit uses one chemical, acid or base to drop into the coolant solution to evaluate its overall composition based on color?
Drop count titration kit
