Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory and Sleep Science > measurements of ventilation > Flashcards

measurements of ventilation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define tidal volume

A

volume of gas moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the VT of a healthy adult?

A

500ms (7ml/kg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define respiratory rate?

A

number of breaths taken per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal adult respiratory rate?

A

-between 12-20 breaths per minuete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factors affect respiratory rate?

A

-excersise
-emotion
-injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What clinical factos increase RR?

A

-fever
-dehydration
-anxiety
-respiratory disease
-heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What clinical factors decrease RR?

A

-head injury
-narcotic overdose
-sleep apnoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

the total volume of air which the lung exchanges with the outside of the minute ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the units of minute ventilation?

A

ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the equation for minute ventilation?

A

tidal volume x respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is normal minute ventilation?

A

5-9 litres/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is dead space ventilation?

A

due to the lungs structure some air inspired in each breath remains in the conducting airway and never reaches the gas exchange areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define alveolar ventilation

A

the volume of air/min which reaches the gas exchange regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the relationship between minute ventilation, dead space ventilation and alveolar ventialtion?

A

minute ventilation = dead space ventilation + alveolar ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe dead space in the lungs

A

-divided into anatomic deadspace (air in conducting airways)
-alveolar deadspace- air within alveoli that are poorly perfused
physiological dead space-total dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the relationship between physiological dead space, anatomic deadspace and alveolar deadspace?

A

physiological dead space= anatomic deadspace+ alveolar dead space

17
Q

define alveolar ventilation

A

air flow reaching the gas exchange areas of the lung during normal breathing

18
Q

What is the alveolar ventialtion equation?

A

VA= (VT-VD) x RRml/min

19
Q

what does alveolar ventialtion help determine?

A

the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide PACO2 and oxygen PAO2

20
Q

What is PAO2?

A

partial pressusre of xygen in alveoli

21
Q

What is PaO2?

A

parital pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

22
Q

What is PvO2?

A

partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood

23
Q

What is PACO2, PaCO2 and PCO2

A

PACO2-partial pressure of co2 in alveoli
-PaCO2-partial pressure of co2 in arterial blood
-PCO2-partial pressure of carbon dioxide

24
Q

What is the actual equation for alveolar ventilation?

A

VA= VCO2/PaCO2 ml/min

25
Q

describe what happnes during hypoventilation

A

-a reduction in ventilation causes an increase in pp of CO2 in arterial blood
-reduction in ventilation
-hypercapnia
-acidosis would occur due to carbonic acid formation

26
Q

Describe what happens during hyperventilation

A

-if co2 stays constant yet ventilation increased then PaCO2 drops.
-ventilation increases
-hypocapnia
-alkalosis (Blood PH increases to more than 7.45)

27
Q

What happens when alveolar ventilation increase?

A

more oxygen rich air into alveoli and increases PAO2 and remove CO2 reducing PACO2

28
Q

What happnes when alveolar ventilation decreases?

A

-CO2 levels will increase within the alveoli and PACO2 will increase and PAO2 will drop

29
Q

What is respiratory failure?

A

when insufficent oxygen passes from the air in the alveoli into the blood to meet demand

30
Q

Describe the causes of type 1 respiratory failure

A

-results in hypoxaemia
-inhaling air with with reduced pp of O2
-mismatch in ventialtion and perfusion
-shunt
-diffusion defect
-alveolar hyperventialtion

31
Q

Describe the causes of respiratory failure

A

-COPD
-depressed breathing effort
-neuromuscular conditions
-chest wall deformity

(hypoxaemia,hypercapnia,acidaemia)
-alveolar hypoventilation

32
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failue?

A

decrease in PaO2 and increase in PaCO2

Respiratory and Sleep Science (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions