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Respiratory and Sleep Science > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

A

nerve cells carrying information to or from the CNS

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3
Q

Describe the input of the autonomic nervous system

A

input- neurons associated with interoceptors such as chemoreceptors,mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors

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4
Q

Describe the output of the autonomic nervous system

A

-via motor neurons to
-cardiac muscle,smooth muscle,glands
-most organs have dual sympathetic and parasympathetis intervention

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5
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the heart

A

-symp- HR and force increases
-para- HR and force decreases

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6
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the iris

A

symp- pupil dilation
para-pupil constriction

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7
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the salivary glands

A

symp-reduced saliva production
para-increased saliva production

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8
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in oral and nasal mucosa

A

symp-reduced mucus production
para-mucus production increased

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9
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the lungs

A

symp-bronchial muscle relaxed
para-bronchial muscle contracted

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10
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the stomach

A

symp- peristalsis reduced
para- gastric juice secreted, motility increased

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11
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the intestines

A

symp-motility reduced
para-digestion increased, secretion and motility increased

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12
Q

Describe the function of the ANS in the kidney

A

symp-decreased urine secretion
para-increases urine secretion

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13
Q

Describe the structure of the SNS preganglionic neurons

A

-cell bodies in the lateral horns of grey matter in spinal cord of the:
-12 thoracic segment
-first 2-3 lumber segments of the thoracolumbar division

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14
Q

Describe the structure of the PSNS preganglionic neurons

A

cell bodies found in the nuclei od:
-four cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X)
-lateral grey horns of the 2nd-4th sacral segments
-craniosacral division

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15
Q

Whats the difference between the preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons?

A

pre are short and post are long

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

-lie in a vertical row alongside the vertabrae from skull to cocyx
-innervate organs above the diaphragm

17
Q

Describe the structure of the collateral prevertebral ganglia

A

-lie in front of the vertebral column alongside abdominal muscles
-celiac ganglion
-superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion
-innervate organs below the diaphragm

18
Q

Describe the parasympathetic ganglia structure

A

-located close to effector organs
-preganglionic axons are longer than sympathetic preganglionic fibres

19
Q

List the key parts of synapses

A

-axon terminal
-synaptic vesicle
-transporter
-neurotransmitter
-synaptic cleft
-receptor
-postsynaptic neuron

20
Q

Name the neurotransmitters in the ANS

A

-ACH
-Noradrenaline

21
Q

List the neurotransmitters in the PSNS and the receptors

A

-ACH

-nicotinic receptors
-muscarinic receptors
-effector cells

22
Q

List the neurotransmitters and receptors in the SNS

A

-ACH
-Noroadrenaline

-nicotinic receptor, adrenergic receptors,effector cells

-pre and post ganglion neuron

23
Q

Describe what releases ACh

A

-both para and symp preganglionic neurons
-released by parasympathetic postganglion neurons and sympathetic postganglion neurons which innervate sweat glands

24
Q

Describe the two types of ACh receptors

A

Nicotinic receptor
-symp and para ganglia
Muscarinic receptors
-plasma membrane of effector organs innervayed by PSNS
-membrane of sweat glands innervated by Symp postganglionic neurons

25
Q

Describe Noraadrenaline

A

Noradrenaline= Norepinephrine
-released by symp postganglionic neurons
-acts at adrenergic receptors at effector organs
-broken down cathechol-o methyltransferase (COMT)
-two main group of adrenergic receptor- alpha and beta with subtypes

26
Q

Describe the location and action of the adrenergic receptor a1

A

location-vascular smooth muscle
action-increased vascular smooth muscle contraction

27
Q

Describe the location and action of the adrenergic receptor a2

A

location-CNS
action-decreased sympathetic outflow

28
Q

Describe the location and action of the adrenergic receptor B1

A

location-cardiac cells
Action-increased HR, increased contractility, increased renin release

29
Q

Describe the location and action of the adrenergic receptor B2

A

location-bronchiole smooth muscle, vascular smooth muscle
-action-bronchodilation,vasodilation

30
Q

Describe the location and action of the adrenergic receptor B3

A

location-adipose tissue,bladder and gallbladder
action-increased lipolysis, relaxation of the bladder

31
Q

Describe bronchodilator mechanisms

A

Beta 2 receptor agonist
-works on SNS
-Drug(sambutanol) binds to receptor
-receptor stimulates Gprotein to activate adenyl cyclase
-adenyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP
-cAMP relases smooth muscle by:
-inhibits release of ca2+ from sarcoplasmic recticulum
-activates protein kinase A
-protein kinase A inactivates myosin light chain kinase-prevents actin-myosin interaction
-smooth muscle relaxation

32
Q

Describe the bronchodilator mechanism at the muscarinic receptor

A

-ACh binds to muscarinic receptors
-receptors stimulate G protein to activate phospholipase C
-Phospholipase C stimulates production of inositol phosphate (IP3)
-IP3 binds to sarcoplasmic recticulum and stimulates release of Ca2+-contraction
-phospholipase C also leads to activation of myosin light chain kinase which causes a contraction

33
Q

Describe the effects of anti cholinergic drugs in bronchodilator mechanisms

A

block the casacade reducing resting Paraympathetic bronchial tone resulting in bronchodilation
-ipratopium bromide-atrovent

Respiratory and Sleep Science (20 decks)

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