Measurement of Motor Learning and Performance AEP Flashcards
Concept map: appropriate measurement of motor performance in clinical rehabilitation is necessary to provide a quantitative basis for:
- assessing motor capabilities and limitations
- determining the locus or source of performance limitations
- providing evidence that skill improvement results from your chosen interventions
Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #1 =
learning-performance distinction
Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #2 =-
performance measures
- outcomes
- production
Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #3=
error measurement
Points of emphasis (of a concept map) #4=
tests of learning
- retention
- transfer
Learning-performance distinction involves what 2 types of characteristics?
performance characteristics and
learning characteristics
List 4 performance characteristics:
- outcome of executing a motor task
- directly observable or measurable
- temporary in nature
- fluctuates in accord with variable that do not affect learning
Learning characteristics =
- not directly observable
- inferred from performance
- results from practice
- relatively permanent change in capacity to perform a given skill
If performance is variable, how can we infer that learning has occurred?
- persistent ___________________
- increased _____________________
- stability of _________________
- ____________________
- Reduction of ___________________ demand
- persistent improvement
- increased consistency
- stability of performance
- Adaptability
- Reduction of attentional demand
stability of performance =
performance is stable even with disruptions or changes in external or internal conditions
Adaptability =
can apply learned skills in different contexts
As a clinician my task is to:
- identify the key features of a skill
- prioritize the performance characteristics most necessary to function in the given environment
- measure the key performance characteristics that indicate the level of mastery and progress
Name 2 types of performance measures:
- outcome measures
2. production measures
outcome measures =
indicate the result of performing a motor skill, such as
list examples of outcome measures:
- distance walked
- speed of a thrown ball
- distance from a target
- number of successful shots on goal
- gait speed
Do outcome measures give info about movements of the head, limbs or body?
no
Time to complete a task, # of trials to completion, #/% of errors, time on/off target, time on/off balance, magnitude of error in performing a movement, consistency of errors are all examples of what type of performance measure?
outcome
Production measures =
measures characteristics of the movement that produced the outcome
The benefit of performance measure is that they can provide information about:
- muscular activity
- limb interaction before/during/ and after a skill
- nervous system function
3 performance production measures are:
- biomechanical measures
- electromyography (EMG)
- Brain activity
Biomechanical measures involve:
kinematics –> movement
and kinetics –>force
Kinematics involve:
- displacement (spatial position)
- velocity (speed)
- acceleration (change in velocity)
- joint angle / limb position
kinetics involve:
- joint torque (force * distance)
* ground reaction forces
Electromyography (EMG) involves timing of onset of __________ activation, muscle timing ______________ and relative _____________.
onset of MUSCLE activation, muscle timing COORDINATION, and RELATIVE activation
Brain activity can be recorded by:
- fMRI
- EEG
- positron emission tomography (PET)
- rCBF
Error measurement =
nearly all skilled task performance requires some level of task accuracy
Evaluation of pt performance relative to the goals of task mastery is crucial to document progress towards and achievement of:
goals in the medical record
Error measurement can reveal patterns of change in performance to customize:
interventions
Name the 3 types of error measurement?
- Absolute error (AE)
- Constant error (CE)
- Variable error (VE)
absolute error is defined as =
average difference between the measured value and the criterion value over a given number of trials
Absolute error =
criterion score minus actual score (regardless of direction or algebraic sign)
(criterion score - actual score) = Xn
AE = IX1I + IX2I + IX3I + … / #trials
constant error (CE) =
average error over a given number of trials
Constant error is based on both:
magnitude and direction
Constant error provides a measure or response:
bias
(45, 40, 35, 35, 30) –> (+5, +0, -5, -5 ,-10) ; Mean CE =
mean CE = (-15)/5 = -3
Variable error (VE) =
measure of consistency or response, not the amount of erro
Variable error is calculated as the standard deviation of error around an individual’s:
average performance
Retention =
measures persistence or relative performance of performance improvement
The assessment of performance of the same skill under the _____________________ over time
same conditions
Retention involves a skill that is retested after a period of no practice with no:
feeback
Retention reflects the strength of the _______________________ representation created during the learning process
motor memory
Transfer =
measures the adaptability of a skill under different conditions
transfer of novel contexts =
physical environment or feedback changes
transfer of novel skill variation=
fast vs slow, different object manipulation
Transfer gives information about the extent to which a learner may perform in a _____________________.
different situation
Transfer reflects the _________________ of the motor memory.
flexibility
Transfer is important when skill learned must be performed:
across a variety of conditions
