measurement in the movement neuroscience

Question 1

neuroimaging

Answer 1

PET scans look at the degeneration of the basal ganglia

near-infrared spectroscopy

• a techinque using light to detect changes in oxygenated (and deoxygenated) hemoglobin in blood

Question 2

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 2

• for looking at the system level of the brain structure

Question 3

near-infrared spectroscopy

Answer 3

• a techinque using light to detect changes in oxygenated (and deoxygenated) hemoglobin in blood

Question 4

transcranial doppler ultrasound

Answer 4

• a technique used to examine changes in velocity of cerebral blood flow velocity
• passive exercise, no contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers (for people with injuries)
• active, passive and no exercise groups
• middle cerebral artery (MCA), supplies blood to most of the frontal lobe (mainly for executive function)
• increase in MCA blood velocity for passive exercise (half of the increase of active exercise)
• active and passive group increased in executive function post-exercise
• muscle stretch is detected from passive exercise and signals to increase blood flow

Question 5

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, rTMS)

Answer 5

• a non-invasive brain stimulation technique in which a changing magnetic current induces electrical activity at a specific region of the brain
• “virtual” lesion technique
• can increase or decrease localized brain activity
• single pulse to create a virtual scotoma (area of visual field where you can’t see)
• neurons for the visual field are firing randomly