MCQ - Wk1-Wk8 (7lec, 7tutes) Flashcards
CD8+ cells are likely to kill which…
a. ) Cells overexpressing MHC II
b. ) Cells not expressing MHC II
c. ) Cells expressing MHC I
d. ) Cells not expressing MHC I
c
In regard to tumor immunology:
a. ) adaptive immunity is involved
b. ) B cells are involved
c. ) innate immunity is involved
d. ) adaptive and innate immunity are involved
d
Macrophages:
a. ) are always deleterious for macrophage growth
b. ) are helping tumor growth if they are M1 type
c. ) are helping tumor growth if they are M2 type
d. ) are deleterious to tumor growth if they are M2 type
c
The abscopal effect:
a. ) is caused by an immune response
b. ) elicits an immune response
c. ) doesn’t use an intact immune system
d. ) happens only when NK cells are available
b
humans:
a. ) acquire their first microbiome in utero
b. ) acquire their first microbiome at birth
c. ) acquire their first microbiome a few days after birth d.) acquire their first microbiomes years after birth
b
Oxygen extraction from blood in the coronaries:
a. ) Depends on NO secretion
b. ) is maximal and can be modified by endogenous material
c. ) is maximal and cannot be modified by endogenous material
d. ) is not maximal
c
Stenosis of a coronary tract becomes symptomatic:
a. ) When is more than 60% of section area
b. ) When is more than 20% of section area
c. ) When is more than 40% of section area
d. ) When is more than 90% of section area
a
Myocardial oxygen extraction from blood at rest is:
a. ) is very low (20-30%)
b. ) quite low (40-50%)
c. ) near max (60-80%)
d. ) maximal (99-100%)
c
Damage due of hypoxia in the myocardium:
a. ) Start always in middle layer
b. ) start often in endocardial layer
c. ) start always from epicardial layer
d. ) start always in endocardial layers
d
Maximal blood perfusion is achieved in the heart wall:
a. ) during systole
b. ) during diastole
c. ) toward end of systole
d. ) toward end of diastole
d
Stroke volume in heart failure is by definition:
a. ) Increased
b. ) Decreased
c. ) Normal
d. ) Decreased only in pulmonary circulation
b
Impaired NO-mediated vasodilation occurs:
a. ) Only in high blood pressure patients
b. ) Only during heart attack
c. ) Only in diabetic patients in peripheral arteries and later on in coronaries
d. ) in several diseases such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure
d
Distributing arteries:
a. ) are the major target of arteriosclerosis
b. ) have a minimal layer of SM cells
c. ) have biggest layer of SM cells
d. ) have a thin wall
c
as distributing arteries = muscular arteries!
Sub-epicardial flow starts to decrease:
a. ) below mean coronary pressure of 35%
b. ) below mean coronary pressure of 45%
c. ) below mean coronary pressure of 25%
d. ) occurs across cardiac cycle irrespective MAP
c
Epidemiology
a. ) studies diseases at the population level
b. ) studies diseases specifically at the individual level
c. ) studies diseases at the population and at the individual level
d. ) is not based on surveillance of large numbers of subjects
a
When a bacterium is engulfed by a neutrophil:
a. ) is killed in a peroxisome
b. ) is killed in a phagolysosome
c. ) is killed in centrosomes
d. ) usually is not killed
b
B cells:
a. ) are able to kill target cells
b. ) produce antibodies
c. ) grow and mature in the spleen
d. ) kill bacteria directly
b
Nucleolus is:
a. ) where DNA is packed
b. ) where DNA is transcribed
c. ) where ribosomes are assembled
d. ) where RNA is translated
c
Antibodies that protect for long time after vaccination are:
a. ) of the IgM class
b. ) of the IgE class
c. ) of the IgA class
d. ) of the IgG class
d
A cancer with substantial defect in DNA repair:
a. ) is poorly immunogenic
b. ) is able to elicit a weak immune response
c. ) is able to produce few neoantigens
d. ) is able to elicit a strong immune response
d
(defect in DNA repair means lots of neoantigens produced - doesn’t necessarily mean p53 and RB defect, these could still be active and then pick up the defect leading to strong immune response)
Chronic inflammation is defined by:
a. ) platelets and neutrophils in the lesion
b. ) the cellular components that are the main driver of the lesion
c. ) lymphocytes, red cells and neutrophils in the lesion
d. ) the vascular extravasation of plasma
b
I think - Edan’s answer
Prognosis of a myocardial infarction:
a. ) is worse with right coronary dominance
b. ) is better with right coronary dominance
c. ) is better with left coronary dominance
d. ) is the same irrespective of coronary dominance
b
Most common cause of heart failure:
a. ) ascending aortic aneurysm
b. ) aortic valve stenosis
c. ) aortic valve stenosis
d. ) ischaemic heart disease
d
Shortening diastole:
a. ) dampens coronary perfusion
b. ) decreases contractility
c. ) always increases cardiac output
d. ) favours coronary perfusion
a
Sub-endocardial flow starts to decrease:
a. ) above a mean coronary pressure of 40 mm Hg
b. ) below a mean coronary pressure of 50 mm Hg
c. ) below a mean coronary pressure of 40 mm Hg
d. ) below a coronary pressure of 20 mmHg
c
Nitric oxide (NO):
a. ) is released by pericytes near the vascular wall
b. ) is released by smooth muscle cells near the vascular wall
c. ) is released by macrophages neat the vascular wall
d. ) is released by endothelial cells of the vascular wall
d
Left ventricular remodeling in heart failure:
a. ) does not change the shape of the heart
b. ) change shape and function of the left ventricle
c. ) is a compensatory event
d. ) is not an adaptive event
b
TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide):
a. ) increases macrophage infiltration in the atherosclerotic wall
b. ) increases the levels of oxidized LDLs in the blood
c. ) increase smooth cells replication in the vessel wall
d. ) increase platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential
d
TMAO increases thrombosis potential thereby increasing risk of CVD
Th17 cells:
a. ) Suppress the immune system
b. ) Aid tumor growth
c. ) Play a role in the inflammatory response
d. ) Release cytotoxic granules
c
