MCQ - Wk1-Wk8 (7lec, 7tutes)

Question 1

CD8+ cells are likely to kill which…

a. ) Cells overexpressing MHC II
b. ) Cells not expressing MHC II
c. ) Cells expressing MHC I
d. ) Cells not expressing MHC I

Answer 1

c

Question 2

In regard to tumor immunology:

a. ) adaptive immunity is involved
b. ) B cells are involved
c. ) innate immunity is involved
d. ) adaptive and innate immunity are involved

Answer 2

d

Question 3

Macrophages:

a. ) are always deleterious for macrophage growth
b. ) are helping tumor growth if they are M1 type
c. ) are helping tumor growth if they are M2 type
d. ) are deleterious to tumor growth if they are M2 type

Answer 3

c

Question 4

The abscopal effect:

a. ) is caused by an immune response
b. ) elicits an immune response
c. ) doesn’t use an intact immune system
d. ) happens only when NK cells are available

Answer 4

b

Question 5

humans:
a. ) acquire their first microbiome in utero
b. ) acquire their first microbiome at birth
c. ) acquire their first microbiome a few days after birth d.) acquire their first microbiomes years after birth

Answer 5

b

Question 6

Oxygen extraction from blood in the coronaries:

a. ) Depends on NO secretion
b. ) is maximal and can be modified by endogenous material
c. ) is maximal and cannot be modified by endogenous material
d. ) is not maximal

Answer 6

c

Question 7

Stenosis of a coronary tract becomes symptomatic:

a. ) When is more than 60% of section area
b. ) When is more than 20% of section area
c. ) When is more than 40% of section area
d. ) When is more than 90% of section area

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Myocardial oxygen extraction from blood at rest is:

a. ) is very low (20-30%)
b. ) quite low (40-50%)
c. ) near max (60-80%)
d. ) maximal (99-100%)

Answer 8

c

Question 9

Damage due of hypoxia in the myocardium:

a. ) Start always in middle layer
b. ) start often in endocardial layer
c. ) start always from epicardial layer
d. ) start always in endocardial layers

Answer 9

d

Question 10

Maximal blood perfusion is achieved in the heart wall:

a. ) during systole
b. ) during diastole
c. ) toward end of systole
d. ) toward end of diastole

Answer 10

d

Question 11

Stroke volume in heart failure is by definition:

a. ) Increased
b. ) Decreased
c. ) Normal
d. ) Decreased only in pulmonary circulation

Answer 11

b

Question 12

Impaired NO-mediated vasodilation occurs:

a. ) Only in high blood pressure patients
b. ) Only during heart attack
c. ) Only in diabetic patients in peripheral arteries and later on in coronaries
d. ) in several diseases such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and high blood pressure

Answer 12

d

Question 13

Distributing arteries:

a. ) are the major target of arteriosclerosis
b. ) have a minimal layer of SM cells
c. ) have biggest layer of SM cells
d. ) have a thin wall

Answer 13

c

as distributing arteries = muscular arteries!

Question 14

Sub-epicardial flow starts to decrease:

a. ) below mean coronary pressure of 35%
b. ) below mean coronary pressure of 45%
c. ) below mean coronary pressure of 25%
d. ) occurs across cardiac cycle irrespective MAP

Answer 14

c

Question 15

Epidemiology

a. ) studies diseases at the population level
b. ) studies diseases specifically at the individual level
c. ) studies diseases at the population and at the individual level
d. ) is not based on surveillance of large numbers of subjects

Answer 15

a

Question 16

When a bacterium is engulfed by a neutrophil:

a. ) is killed in a peroxisome
b. ) is killed in a phagolysosome
c. ) is killed in centrosomes
d. ) usually is not killed

Answer 16

b

Question 17

B cells:

a. ) are able to kill target cells
b. ) produce antibodies
c. ) grow and mature in the spleen
d. ) kill bacteria directly

Answer 17

b

Question 18

Nucleolus is:

a. ) where DNA is packed
b. ) where DNA is transcribed
c. ) where ribosomes are assembled
d. ) where RNA is translated

Answer 18

c

Question 19

Antibodies that protect for long time after vaccination are:

a. ) of the IgM class
b. ) of the IgE class
c. ) of the IgA class
d. ) of the IgG class

Answer 19

d

Question 20

A cancer with substantial defect in DNA repair:

a. ) is poorly immunogenic
b. ) is able to elicit a weak immune response
c. ) is able to produce few neoantigens
d. ) is able to elicit a strong immune response

Answer 20

d

(defect in DNA repair means lots of neoantigens produced - doesn’t necessarily mean p53 and RB defect, these could still be active and then pick up the defect leading to strong immune response)

Question 21

Chronic inflammation is defined by:

a. ) platelets and neutrophils in the lesion
b. ) the cellular components that are the main driver of the lesion
c. ) lymphocytes, red cells and neutrophils in the lesion
d. ) the vascular extravasation of plasma

Answer 21

b

I think - Edan’s answer

Question 22

Prognosis of a myocardial infarction:

a. ) is worse with right coronary dominance
b. ) is better with right coronary dominance
c. ) is better with left coronary dominance
d. ) is the same irrespective of coronary dominance

Answer 22

b

Question 23

Most common cause of heart failure:

a. ) ascending aortic aneurysm
b. ) aortic valve stenosis
c. ) aortic valve stenosis
d. ) ischaemic heart disease

Answer 23

d

Question 24

Shortening diastole:

a. ) dampens coronary perfusion
b. ) decreases contractility
c. ) always increases cardiac output
d. ) favours coronary perfusion

Answer 24

a

Question 25

Sub-endocardial flow starts to decrease:

a. ) above a mean coronary pressure of 40 mm Hg
b. ) below a mean coronary pressure of 50 mm Hg
c. ) below a mean coronary pressure of 40 mm Hg
d. ) below a coronary pressure of 20 mmHg

Answer 25

c

Question 26

Nitric oxide (NO):

a. ) is released by pericytes near the vascular wall
b. ) is released by smooth muscle cells near the vascular wall
c. ) is released by macrophages neat the vascular wall
d. ) is released by endothelial cells of the vascular wall

Answer 26

d

Question 27

Left ventricular remodeling in heart failure:

a. ) does not change the shape of the heart
b. ) change shape and function of the left ventricle
c. ) is a compensatory event
d. ) is not an adaptive event

Answer 27

b

Question 28

TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide):

a. ) increases macrophage infiltration in the atherosclerotic wall
b. ) increases the levels of oxidized LDLs in the blood
c. ) increase smooth cells replication in the vessel wall
d. ) increase platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential

Answer 28

d

TMAO increases thrombosis potential thereby increasing risk of CVD

Question 29

Th17 cells:

a. ) Suppress the immune system
b. ) Aid tumor growth
c. ) Play a role in the inflammatory response
d. ) Release cytotoxic granules

Answer 29

c