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MCM Final Exam > MCM Final - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

MCM Final - Connective Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

connective tissue fixed cells

A

from the connective tissue itself

-mesenchymal, fibroblasts, adipose

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1
Q

connective tissue hematogenous cells

A

derived from bone marrow

-all types of blood cells

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2
Q

Collagen Type I

A

most prevalent in body (90% of total collagen)

fibril

heterotrimeric

high tensile strength (skin, tedon, bone, dentin, fascia)

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3
Q

Collagen Type II

A

fibril

homotrimeric

fibril

cartilage, nucleus, pulposus, notochord, vitreous body, cornea

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4
Q

Collagen Type III

A

fibril

homotrimeric

adds rigidity***

in skin, uterus, blood vessels, reticular fibers, spleen, lymph nodes

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5
Q

Collagen Type IV

A

globular**

basal lamina of epithelial cells, kidney glomeruli, lens capsule

homotrimeric

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6
Q

Collagen Type VII

A

homotrimeric

small fibers

anchoring fibrils in basal lamina

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7
Q

Biosynthesis of Collagen

A

secreted as procollagen

procollagen has capped ends that must be lysed

in Collagen Type I - procollagen is triple helix with:
two alpha-1 chains and one alpha-2 chains

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8
Q

Periodicity

A

staggered orientation of procollagen in collagen fibril

provide strength bc of extensive overlapping

collagen fibril have hole zone and overlap zone

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9
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

collagen type III fibers

add rigidity

found in skin, uterus, blood vessels, reticular fibers, spleen, and lymph nodes

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10
Q

Elastic Fibers

- composition?
- example?
A

composed of:
elastin- globular protein, rich in glycine and proline
fibrillin- fibrillar protein that forms microfibrillar sheath
cross linking proteins - desmisine and isodesmosine

found in blood vessel walls of large vessels
-so that it can maintain constant diameter

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11
Q

Structure of Elastic Fibers

A

elastin core surrounded by fibrillin

assembled in ECM
-fibrillin forms hollow structure that is then filled with elastin

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12
Q

Marphan Syndrome

A

genetic defect in fibrillin
-makes elastic fibers less stable

causes weakened aortic wall which can blow out
-aortic aneurysm

affected often tall, think, gangly, with long digits

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13
Q

Ground Substance

-composition?
A

glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins

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14
Q

Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs)

A

long chain of unbranched polysaccharides
-repeating disaccharides
acid sugar and amino sugar

have negative charge which recruits sodium and other salts

- draws in water
- hydrostatic pressure allows for turgor (stiffness)
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15
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A

GAG that is HUGE!
-bc it is unsulfated

doesn’t covalently bind to proteins

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16
Q

Keratan Sulfate

A

GAG in cartilage, cornea, and intervertebral discs

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17
Q

Heparan Sulfate

A

GAG in blood vessels, lungs, basal lamina

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18
Q

heparin

A

mast cell granules, liver, lung, skin

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19
Q

Chondroitin-4 Sulfate

A

GAG in cartilage, bone, cornea, blood vessels

20
Q

Chondroitin-6 Sulfate

A

GAG in cartilage, Wharton’s Jelly, and blood vessels

21
Q

Dermatan Sulfate

A

GAG in heart valves, skin, and blood

22
Q

Proteoglycan

A

GAG covalently bound to protein

23
Q

Proteoglycan Aggregate

A

multiple GAGs can bind to long hyaluronic acid

-bind through a linking protein

24
Q

adhesive glycoproteins

A

proteins linked to sugar that are binding and adhesive

help bind the cell to the ECM

fibronectin, laminin, intergrin, entactin, tenascin, chondronectin, osteonectin

25
Q

Entactin

A

adhesive glycoprotien that binds laminin and collagen IV

26
Q

Tenascin

A

adhesive glycoprotein

large hexamer, binds fibronectin and transmembrane proteoglycans

27
Q

Chondronectin

A

adhesive glycoprotein

like fibronectin, binds collagen II, integrins, and GAGs

28
Q

osteonectin

A

adhesive glycoprotein

like fibronectin, binds collagen I, integrins, and proteoglycans

binds calcium (hydroxyapatite) to collagen I in bone

29
Q

Fibronectin

A

adhesive glycoprotein

dimer of nearly identical subunits bound end to end

links cells and ground substance
-binds integrins, collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycan

involved in embryological cell migration

cells placed on fibronectin will have their cytoskeletal fibers align with the ECM

30
Q

Laminin

A

adhesive glycoprotein

trimer of intertwined polypeptides (2 beta, 1 alpha)

links cells, fibers, and ground substance

in basal lamina (almost exclusively)

binds GAGs, proteoglycans, and other adhesive glycoproteins

31
Q

Integrin

A

adhesive glycoprotein

heterodimeric integral membrane protein - no signal transduction

extracellular domain - binds ground substance
-activated by divalent cations

intracellular domain - binds cytoskeleton
-C-terminus binds intermediary proteins

32
Q

Vinculin and Talin

A

bind to actin

play a role in integrins (adhesive glycoprotein)

33
Q

Why are integrin bonds weaker?

A

weaker bonds allow more functional flexibility with integrins
-strong bonds causes permanent gluing

still strong because there are lots of weak bonds (overall strength)

34
Q

Mesenchymal Connective Tissue

A
  • relatively devoid of fibers
  • most of ECM is ground substance
  • stellate (star-shaped) pleuripotent (undifferentiated) cells
    • will form numerous types of adult cells
35
Q

Mucus Connective Tissue

A
  • loose amporphous connective tissue
  • lots of ground substance
  • jelly like matrix Wharton’s Jelly
  • found on umbilical cord
  • not a lot of fibers
36
Q

Wharton’s Jelly

A

jelly-like matrix in the Mucus Connective Tissue

37
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

aka loose connective tissue

  • lots of ground substance
  • found around glands and blood vessels (not very tight packed)
  • fibroblasts, adipose cells, macrophages, mast cells
  • loosely woven fibers
38
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

greater density of fibers than loose connective tissue

-collagen fibers grouped in bundles

39
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

collagen in order arrangements

-highly ordered and densely packed
-found in:
tendons, ligaments, aponeurous

40
Q

Dense Irregular Connect Tissue

A

collagen in random arrangements

found in:
dermis
capsule of organs
fascia

-multi-directional strength

41
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue

A

little fiber or ground substance

dense in adipose cells (adipocytes)

42
Q

Unilocular Tissue

A

white or brown fat

cells with single lipid droplet
predominant in humans

43
Q

Multiulocular Tissue

A

brown fat

cells contain multiple lipid droplets

hibernating animals

44
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

highly elastic

  • fibroblasts, collagen, elastic fibers (characteristic component)
  • commonly found in walls of large vessels, nuchal ligament, and other elastic tissues
45
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A

composed of fibroblasts, reticular fibers

-form framework for liver, adipose tissue, hematogenous tissue and other transient CT cells

46
Q

reticulocytes

A

fibroblast that produces reticular fibers

47
Q

Blood as a Connective Tissue

A

fibers - fibrinogen (converted to fibrin)

ground substance - GAGs (heparin), proteins (albumin)

fluid - plasma

MCM Final Exam (16 decks)

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