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MCM Final Exam > MCM Final - Cellular Differentiation > Flashcards

MCM Final - Cellular Differentiation Flashcards

0
Q

totipotent

A

potential to form any cell

-ex/ fertilized egg

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1
Q

stem cell

A

undifferentiated daughter cells my differentiate into other cell types

2 characteristics: proliferative and ability to differentiate

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2
Q

pluripotent

A

wide-spread potential
have started down differentiate path
-blastocyte embryonic stem cells

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3
Q

multipotent

A

commited to a specific differentiation path

cells with particular function

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4
Q

unipotent

A

maybe can differentiate to 2 or 3 cells (closely related)
ex/ cells in skin - basal layer

progenitor cells

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5
Q

embryonic stem cells (ESCs)

A

early embryonic tissue

totipotent

some demonstrated evidence of reduced immunogenecity

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6
Q

post-natally derived stem cells

A

harvested from otherwise discarded tissue

ex/ umbilical cord, fetal foreskin, placenta

pluripotent/multipotent

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7
Q

adult-derived stem cells

A

harvested from adult donor cells

ex/marrow or adipose tissue

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8
Q

mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)

A

marrow-derived

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9
Q

induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)

A

viral gene transfer to adult donor

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10
Q

somatic cell nuclear transfer cells (SCNTCs)

A

generated from normal adult cell and donor gamete (ovum)

remove nucleus from egg - replace with nucleus from somatic cell

creates ESC like cell**

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11
Q

formation of iPSCs - genes?

A

Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4

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12
Q

c-Myc gene

A

reduced in iPSC formation

-tumorogenic

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13
Q

cure of sick cell anemia in mice?

A

utilized iPSCs with removed c-Myc gene and placed in the marrow

transplanted as hemopoetic stem cell

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14
Q

non-autologous paradigm

A

stem cells from donor will cause an immune response

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15
Q

adult human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs)

A

harvested from medical procedures or liposuction

multipotent

source of stem ells

similar to MSCs

16
Q

hADSCs vs. MSCs?

A

bone marrow vw. adipose

- similar transcriptosome
- similar cell surface/CD markers
	- integrin alpha-4, L-selectin

adipose easier to obtain

17
Q

integrin alpha-4

A

similarity between hADSC and MSC

18
Q

L-selectin

A

similarity between hADSC and MSC

19
Q

transcriptosome

A

similarity between hADSC and MSC

20
Q

diabetic retinopathy and stem cells

A

murine model

hASC prevent pathological vaso-obliteration

21
Q

Immunomodulation and stem cells

A

hMSCs promote Th2 response inhibiting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and increasing IL-10 (PGE2-mediated)

also, hMSCs alter antigen-presenting maturation and induce T-cell unresponsiveness

22
Q

hMSCs activate what in immunomodulation?

A

IL-10 (PGE2-mediated)

23
Q

Inhibited by MSCs during immunomodulation?

A

IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha

24
Q

Co-transplants in Pancreas?

A

Islet and ASC

may improve transplant by decreasing the number of islets necessary and decreasing time

bc of angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulary effects of hASCs

25
Q

tissue repair and stem cells?

A

infarcted myocardium repaired after adult stem cell administered

hypokinetic, akinetic, dyskinetic region from 30-12 (0.04 p-value)

26
Q

Wound healing and stem cells?

A

hASCs accelerate rate of wound healing in murine model

27
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease and Stem Cells

A

hASCs enhanced rate of revascularization in mouse limb

-provided vascular support and maintenance for blood vessels
28
Q

Co-culture of stem cells ?

A

IPSCs, MSCs, and endothelial cells

combined and produced liver buds

- produced bile and hepatic proteins
- didn't form biliary tree
29
Q

Diabetes and stem cells?

A

hESCs used to prevent diabetes

- diabetic mice had ability to clear glucose at the same rate as normal mouse
- problem - bone in pancreas
30
Q

stem cell division

A

one daughter cell is differentiated, second is not

-allows for self-renewal

31
Q

immortal strand hypothesis

A

when stem cells divide

- keep a copy of the parental strand throughout all divisions
- this allows any errors in DNA replication to be passed on to daughter cells that will go and differentiate soon
32
Q

chondrogen

A

MSC biologic product that can cause regeneration of the meniscus and prevent osteoarthritis

33
Q

prochymal

A

MSC biologic product for use in:

- steroid refractory GvHD
- acute GvHD
- Crohn's disease
- Type 1 diabetes
- acute MI

MCM Final Exam (16 decks)

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