MCM Final - Cellular Differentiation Flashcards
totipotent
potential to form any cell
-ex/ fertilized egg
stem cell
undifferentiated daughter cells my differentiate into other cell types
2 characteristics: proliferative and ability to differentiate
pluripotent
wide-spread potential
have started down differentiate path
-blastocyte embryonic stem cells
multipotent
commited to a specific differentiation path
cells with particular function
unipotent
maybe can differentiate to 2 or 3 cells (closely related)
ex/ cells in skin - basal layer
progenitor cells
embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
early embryonic tissue
totipotent
some demonstrated evidence of reduced immunogenecity
post-natally derived stem cells
harvested from otherwise discarded tissue
ex/ umbilical cord, fetal foreskin, placenta
pluripotent/multipotent
adult-derived stem cells
harvested from adult donor cells
ex/marrow or adipose tissue
mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)
marrow-derived
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
viral gene transfer to adult donor
somatic cell nuclear transfer cells (SCNTCs)
generated from normal adult cell and donor gamete (ovum)
remove nucleus from egg - replace with nucleus from somatic cell
creates ESC like cell**
formation of iPSCs - genes?
Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4
c-Myc gene
reduced in iPSC formation
-tumorogenic
cure of sick cell anemia in mice?
utilized iPSCs with removed c-Myc gene and placed in the marrow
transplanted as hemopoetic stem cell
non-autologous paradigm
stem cells from donor will cause an immune response
adult human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs)
harvested from medical procedures or liposuction
multipotent
source of stem ells
similar to MSCs
hADSCs vs. MSCs?
bone marrow vw. adipose
- similar transcriptosome - similar cell surface/CD markers - integrin alpha-4, L-selectin
adipose easier to obtain
integrin alpha-4
similarity between hADSC and MSC
L-selectin
similarity between hADSC and MSC
transcriptosome
similarity between hADSC and MSC
diabetic retinopathy and stem cells
murine model
hASC prevent pathological vaso-obliteration
Immunomodulation and stem cells
hMSCs promote Th2 response inhibiting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and increasing IL-10 (PGE2-mediated)
also, hMSCs alter antigen-presenting maturation and induce T-cell unresponsiveness
hMSCs activate what in immunomodulation?
IL-10 (PGE2-mediated)
Inhibited by MSCs during immunomodulation?
IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha
Co-transplants in Pancreas?
Islet and ASC
may improve transplant by decreasing the number of islets necessary and decreasing time
bc of angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulary effects of hASCs
tissue repair and stem cells?
infarcted myocardium repaired after adult stem cell administered
hypokinetic, akinetic, dyskinetic region from 30-12 (0.04 p-value)
Wound healing and stem cells?
hASCs accelerate rate of wound healing in murine model
Peripheral Vascular Disease and Stem Cells
hASCs enhanced rate of revascularization in mouse limb
-provided vascular support and maintenance for blood vessels
Co-culture of stem cells ?
IPSCs, MSCs, and endothelial cells
combined and produced liver buds
- produced bile and hepatic proteins - didn't form biliary tree
Diabetes and stem cells?
hESCs used to prevent diabetes
- diabetic mice had ability to clear glucose at the same rate as normal mouse - problem - bone in pancreas
stem cell division
one daughter cell is differentiated, second is not
-allows for self-renewal
immortal strand hypothesis
when stem cells divide
- keep a copy of the parental strand throughout all divisions - this allows any errors in DNA replication to be passed on to daughter cells that will go and differentiate soon
chondrogen
MSC biologic product that can cause regeneration of the meniscus and prevent osteoarthritis
prochymal
MSC biologic product for use in:
- steroid refractory GvHD - acute GvHD - Crohn's disease - Type 1 diabetes - acute MI
