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MCBM > MCBM Exam 3 autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

MCBM Exam 3 autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What type of matter occupies the peripheral territory of the brain?

A

gray matter

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2
Q

What type of matter occupies the internal portion of the brain?

A

white matter

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3
Q

What do the nuclei within the internal regions of the brain also contain?

A

gray matter

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4
Q

What is gray matter involved in?

A

neuronal soma and synapses

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5
Q

What is white matter involved in?

A

tracts of neuronal processes

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6
Q

Myelin is what type of matter and is composed of mostly what?

A

white matter and composed mostly of lipids

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7
Q

Where is gray matter found in the spinal cord?

A

gray matter occupies the central region

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8
Q

Where is white matter found in the spinal cord?

A

white matter is found in the periphery

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9
Q

What type of neurons do dorsal horns have?

A

sensory neurons

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10
Q

What type of neurons do ventral horns have?

A

motor neurons

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11
Q

What are meninges composed of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

The most external and thickest of the meninges (dense irregular connective tissue)

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13
Q

What kind of connective tissue are the arachnoid and pia?

A

both are loose connective tissue

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14
Q

What is epineurium and what type of connective tissue does it have?

A

epineurium surrounds the entire nerve and it is dense irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

What is perineurium and what type of connective tissue does it have?

A

perineurium is a linner layer that directly surrounds the fascicle (not quite loose connective tissue but also not dense enough to be dense irregular connective tissue so it is somewhere in between)

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16
Q

What is endoneurium and what type of connective tissue does it have?

A

endoneurium is found around the axon and myelin (it is loose connective tissue)

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17
Q

Is epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium connective tissue found in the PNS or CNS?

A

PNS

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18
Q

What is a soma?

A

the cell body

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19
Q

What does the soma include?

A

nucleus, nucleolus, and nissl bodies

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20
Q

What are 2 characteristic of dendrites?

A

they are highly branching and contain dendritic spines

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21
Q

What are 3 characteristics of axons?

A

axons branch but not as extensively as dendrites, they have axon hillock and axon terminals

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22
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

regions of rough ER present throughout the soma except at the axon hillock

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23
Q

What do nissl bodies look like?

A

dark granules

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24
Q

What are dendrites?

A

neuronal processes that transmit signal towards the soma

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25
Q

Are dendrites myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

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26
Q

What is the purpose of dendritic spines?

A

in increase area for synapses to form

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27
Q

What is an axon?

A

neuronal processes that transmit signal away from the stroma

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28
Q

The axon arises from the soma at the ______ ________

A

axon hillock

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29
Q

Where does the axon terminate?

A

terminates in the synaptic bulb

30
Q

What does a large synaptic bulb have the capability to do?

A

synthesize proteins

31
Q

Are axons myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

can be myelinated

32
Q

What does axosomatic mean?

A

axon synapses on soma

33
Q

What does axodendritic mean?

A

axon synapses on dendrite

34
Q

What does axoaxonal mean?

A

axon synapses on axon

35
Q

What is broken down in multiple sclerosis?

A

the myelin - therefore it is an autoimmune disease that attacks oligodendrocytes

36
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

a type of CNS neuroglia that produces myelin

37
Q

Where are pseudounipolor neurons found?

A

in cranial nerve ganglia

38
Q

What type of neuron is a pseudounipolor neuron?

A

a sensory neuron

39
Q

What is a bipolar cell?

A

a special sensory neuron

40
Q

Where are bipolar cells found?

A

the retina

41
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

a motor neuron

42
Q

What are the PNS support cells?

A

schwann cells and satellite cells

43
Q

What do schwann cells produce and what do they support?

A

produce myelin and support axons

44
Q

What do satellite cells support?

A

soma

45
Q

Do unmyelinated nerve cells have Schwann cells?

A

yes

46
Q

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

A

the gaps in myelin on the axon that have cluster of sodium channels for action potentials to occur

47
Q

What are the 4 types of CNS support cells?

A

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

48
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

foot processes that surround blood vessels

49
Q

What do astrocytes provide to neurons?

A

nutrients, removes wastes

50
Q

What do astrocytes form?

A

the blood-brain barrier

51
Q

What are microglia?

A

a neuroglia cell that phagocytosis debris in nervous tissue

52
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

cells that line ventricles, and produce CSF

53
Q

What are oligodendrocytes important for?

A

insulation

54
Q

Are oligodendrocytes associated with one or multiple axons?

A

multiple axons therefore cell bodies send info to several different neurons

55
Q

Astrocytes are also found as support cells in what other nervous system?

A

the enteric nervous system

56
Q

What provides metabolic support in the CNS?

A

astrocytes

57
Q

What do microglia arise from?

A

monocytes

58
Q

What is the smallest of the neuroglia in the CNS?

A

microglia

59
Q

What do ependymal cells look like?

A

look like epithelial cells (however they don’t have basil lamina)

60
Q

What cell type is non-replicative?

A

mature neurons are non-replicative

61
Q

What is unique about schwann cells?

A

they have basil lamina that allow damaged axons of peripheral nerves to regenerate

62
Q

What happens if a nerve cell is damaged in the CNS?

A

the cell will die

63
Q

Where are neuronal cell bodies located in the PNS clustered?

A

in ganglia

64
Q

Where are dorsal root ganglia found?

A

along dorsal root of spinal nerve

65
Q

What do dorsal root ganglia contain?

A

contain cell bodies of afferent neurons

66
Q

Where is the nuclei located in the dorsal root ganglia?

A

nuclei are centrally placed

67
Q

Where are the sympathetic ganglia found?

A

along the sympathetic chain

68
Q

What do sympathetic ganglia contain?

A

contain cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons (motor)

69
Q

Where are the nuclei located in the sympathetic ganglia?

A

nuclei are located toward the periphery of the soma

70
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia found?

A

located within the wall of viscera

71
Q

What do parasympathetic ganglia contain?

A

contain cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic (motor) neurons

72
Q

Where are the nuclei located in the para sympathetic ganglia?

A

nuclei are located toward the periphery of the soma

MCBM (6 decks)

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