MCBM Exam 3 autonomic nervous system

Question 1

What type of matter occupies the peripheral territory of the brain?

Answer 1

gray matter

Question 2

What type of matter occupies the internal portion of the brain?

Answer 2

white matter

Question 3

What do the nuclei within the internal regions of the brain also contain?

Answer 3

gray matter

Question 4

What is gray matter involved in?

Answer 4

neuronal soma and synapses

Question 5

What is white matter involved in?

Answer 5

tracts of neuronal processes

Question 6

Myelin is what type of matter and is composed of mostly what?

Answer 6

white matter and composed mostly of lipids

Question 7

Where is gray matter found in the spinal cord?

Answer 7

gray matter occupies the central region

Question 8

Where is white matter found in the spinal cord?

Answer 8

white matter is found in the periphery

Question 9

What type of neurons do dorsal horns have?

Answer 9

sensory neurons

Question 10

What type of neurons do ventral horns have?

Answer 10

motor neurons

Question 11

What are meninges composed of?

Answer 11

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 12

What is the dura mater?

Answer 12

The most external and thickest of the meninges (dense irregular connective tissue)

Question 13

What kind of connective tissue are the arachnoid and pia?

Answer 13

both are loose connective tissue

Question 14

What is epineurium and what type of connective tissue does it have?

Answer 14

epineurium surrounds the entire nerve and it is dense irregular connective tissue

Question 15

What is perineurium and what type of connective tissue does it have?

Answer 15

perineurium is a linner layer that directly surrounds the fascicle (not quite loose connective tissue but also not dense enough to be dense irregular connective tissue so it is somewhere in between)

Question 16

What is endoneurium and what type of connective tissue does it have?

Answer 16

endoneurium is found around the axon and myelin (it is loose connective tissue)

Question 17

Is epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium connective tissue found in the PNS or CNS?

Answer 17

PNS

Question 18

What is a soma?

Answer 18

the cell body

Question 19

What does the soma include?

Answer 19

nucleus, nucleolus, and nissl bodies

Question 20

What are 2 characteristic of dendrites?

Answer 20

they are highly branching and contain dendritic spines

Question 21

What are 3 characteristics of axons?

Answer 21

axons branch but not as extensively as dendrites, they have axon hillock and axon terminals

Question 22

What are Nissl bodies?

Answer 22

regions of rough ER present throughout the soma except at the axon hillock

Question 23

What do nissl bodies look like?

Answer 23

dark granules

Question 24

What are dendrites?

Answer 24

neuronal processes that transmit signal towards the soma

Question 25

Are dendrites myelinated or unmyelinated?

Answer 25

unmyelinated

Question 26

What is the purpose of dendritic spines?

Answer 26

in increase area for synapses to form

Question 27

What is an axon?

Answer 27

neuronal processes that transmit signal away from the stroma

Question 28

The axon arises from the soma at the ______ ________

Answer 28

axon hillock

Question 29

Where does the axon terminate?

Answer 29

terminates in the synaptic bulb

Question 30

What does a large synaptic bulb have the capability to do?

Answer 30

synthesize proteins

Question 31

Are axons myelinated or unmyelinated?

Answer 31

can be myelinated

Question 32

What does axosomatic mean?

Answer 32

axon synapses on soma

Question 33

What does axodendritic mean?

Answer 33

axon synapses on dendrite

Question 34

What does axoaxonal mean?

Answer 34

axon synapses on axon

Question 35

What is broken down in multiple sclerosis?

Answer 35

the myelin - therefore it is an autoimmune disease that attacks oligodendrocytes

Question 36

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 36

a type of CNS neuroglia that produces myelin

Question 37

Where are pseudounipolor neurons found?

Answer 37

in cranial nerve ganglia

Question 38

What type of neuron is a pseudounipolor neuron?

Answer 38

a sensory neuron

Question 39

What is a bipolar cell?

Answer 39

a special sensory neuron

Question 40

Where are bipolar cells found?

Answer 40

the retina

Question 41

What is a multipolar neuron?

Answer 41

a motor neuron

Question 42

What are the PNS support cells?

Answer 42

schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 43

What do schwann cells produce and what do they support?

Answer 43

produce myelin and support axons

Question 44

What do satellite cells support?

Answer 44

soma

Question 45

Do unmyelinated nerve cells have Schwann cells?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 46

the gaps in myelin on the axon that have cluster of sodium channels for action potentials to occur

Question 47

What are the 4 types of CNS support cells?

Answer 47

oligodendrocytes astrocytes microglia ependymal cells

Question 48

What are astrocytes?

Answer 48

foot processes that surround blood vessels

Question 49

What do astrocytes provide to neurons?

Answer 49

nutrients, removes wastes

Question 50

What do astrocytes form?

Answer 50

the blood-brain barrier

Question 51

What are microglia?

Answer 51

a neuroglia cell that phagocytosis debris in nervous tissue

Question 52

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 52

cells that line ventricles, and produce CSF

Question 53

What are oligodendrocytes important for?

Answer 53

insulation

Question 54

Are oligodendrocytes associated with one or multiple axons?

Answer 54

multiple axons therefore cell bodies send info to several different neurons

Question 55

Astrocytes are also found as support cells in what other nervous system?

Answer 55

the enteric nervous system

Question 56

What provides metabolic support in the CNS?

Answer 56

astrocytes

Question 57

What do microglia arise from?

Answer 57

monocytes

Question 58

What is the smallest of the neuroglia in the CNS?

Answer 58

microglia

Question 59

What do ependymal cells look like?

Answer 59

look like epithelial cells (however they don't have basil lamina)

Question 60

What cell type is non-replicative?

Answer 60

mature neurons are non-replicative

Question 61

What is unique about schwann cells?

Answer 61

they have basil lamina that allow damaged axons of peripheral nerves to regenerate

Question 62

What happens if a nerve cell is damaged in the CNS?

Answer 62

the cell will die

Question 63

Where are neuronal cell bodies located in the PNS clustered?

Answer 63

in ganglia

Question 64

Where are dorsal root ganglia found?

Answer 64

along dorsal root of spinal nerve

Question 65

What do dorsal root ganglia contain?

Answer 65

contain cell bodies of afferent neurons

Question 66

Where is the nuclei located in the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 66

nuclei are centrally placed

Question 67

Where are the sympathetic ganglia found?

Answer 67

along the sympathetic chain

Question 68

What do sympathetic ganglia contain?

Answer 68

contain cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons (motor)

Question 69

Where are the nuclei located in the sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 69

nuclei are located toward the periphery of the soma

Question 70

Where are parasympathetic ganglia found?

Answer 70

located within the wall of viscera

Question 71

What do parasympathetic ganglia contain?

Answer 71

contain cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic (motor) neurons

Question 72

Where are the nuclei located in the para sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 72

nuclei are located toward the periphery of the soma