MCAT Miscellaneous 2014 Flashcards by M V

What is the numerical value of the universal gravitational constant?

6.67 × 10^-11 m³ kg^-1 s^-2

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Give the numerical value for the Univ Gas Constant.

0.08206 L*atm*K^-1*mol^-1

8.314 J*K^-1*mol^-1

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the formula for the Velocity of an object travelling in a circular path

V = [2*π*R] / T

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Write the Arrhenius equation:

k = (A)*e ^-[E_a/RT]

ln k = ln A - (E_a / RT)

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Adding a catalyst will [increase / decrease / not change] the rate constant k.

increase

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Increasing the Temperature will** ** [increase / decrease / not change] the rate constant,k.

increase

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Write out the Michaelis Menten equation?

V_o =

(V_max * [S]) / ([S] + K_m)

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For an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, what is the reaction velocity, V (expressed as a percentage of V_max) when the substrate concentration is equal to 0.5 K_m?

Answer is ______% of V_max

Michaelis-Menten kinetics is:
v = (V_max*[S]) / (K_m+[S])

So if [S] = 0.5*K_m ,
v=(V_max*0.5K_m)/(K_m+0.5K_m)
v=(0.5/1.5)*V_max

Keep in mind, V_max= 100 (obviously)

(0.5/1.5)*100 = 33.33%

so V is 33.33% of V_max , when [S]=0.5*Km

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Write the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:

pH = pK + log [Base / Acid]

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Write out the NET reaction for Glycolysis:

Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 P_i + NAD⁺ →

2 **pyruvate **+ 2 **ATP **+ 2 **NADH **+ 2 **H⁺ ** + 2 H₂O

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What is the number (numerical value) for Planck’s constant?

6.63 x 10^-34 J*s

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What is a Southern blot?

lab technique that identifies DNA fragments

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What is annealing?

binding of 2 complementary strands of nucleic acids into a double-strand

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What is a Northern Blot?

a lab technique for identifying RNA fragments

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What is a Western Blot?

a lab technique that uses electrophoresis, and uses antibodies to detect proteins

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What does DNA ligase do?

joins DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

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What does helicase do?

separates two annealed nucleic acid strands, by breaking the hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases

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What does DNA gyrase do?

moves ahead of the helicase, nicking the strands, unwinding them a little bit, and resealing them.

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What are protists?

a large and diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms

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Write the general equation for any Hydrocarbon combustion reaction:

C_xH_y + (x + ^y/₄)*O₂ → x*CO₂ + (^y/₂)*H₂O

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Write the general equation for the combustion of a monosaccharide:

C_{x}H_{2x}O_{x} + xO₂ → xCO₂ + xH₂O

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How do you calculate the surface area of a sphere?

Surface Area =

4π*r²

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How do you calculate the volume of a sphere?

Sphere’s Volume =

⁴/₃*π*r³

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cos 30 = ?

(give the answer in both fraction and decimal forms)

0.87

√3/2 (radical 3, divided by 2)

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convert 1/11 into a decimal:

≈ 0.091

mass of an **electron**, in kg:

**9.1**09 x 10**^-31**

1 m³ = _____ Liters

1 cubic meter = 1000 Liters

sin 45 = ?? (give the answer in both fraction and decimal forms)

= ¹/_√2 = ^√2**/**₂ ≈ 0.71

Convert **1/7** into decimal form:

≈ 0.143

√2 = ?? Convert radical 2 into **decimal** form.

≈ 1.41

**tan 30** = ?? Convert **tangent of 30** into both **decimal** and **radical** forms.

= ^√3/₃ (radical 3, divided by 3) ≈ 0.577

Convert **1/12** into **decimal** form:

0.083

ln 2 = ??

≈ 0.693

sin 60 = ?? (give the answer in both **fraction** and **decimal** forms)

≈ 0.87 = ^√3/₂ (radical 3, divided by 2)

**cos 45** = ?? (give the answer in both **fraction** and **decimal** forms)

= ^√2/₂ = ¹/_√2 ≈ 0.71

Convert **1/6** into a decimal:

≈ **0.1666**...

√3 ≈ ???

≈ 1.7

tan 45 = ? (give the answer in both fraction and decimal forms)

tan 60 = ? (give the answer in both fraction and decimal forms)

= √3 ≈ 1.73

Convert 1/5 into a decimal:

0.20

Convert 1/8 into a decimal:

0.125

1 **L** = ____ **cc**

1 Liter = 1,000 cubic centimeters

the charge of an electron:

**1.602** x 10**^-19** C

cos 180 = ? (give the answer in both **fraction** and **decimal** forms)

- 1

Convert **1/9** into decimal form:

0.111

cos 90 = ? (give the answer in both **fraction** and **decimal** forms)

zero

cos 60 = ?? (give the answer in both **fraction** and **decimal** forms)

0.5

Convert ³/₁₁ into decimal form:

0.**27**272727...

Convert **¹/₁₂** into decimal form:

0.083

When talking about torque and momentum: Stress = ___ \* Modulus

Stress = **Strain** \* Modulus

When talking about torque and momentum: **????** = Strain \* Modulus

**Stress** = Strain \* Modulus

When talking about torque and momentum: Stress = Strain \* \_\_\_\_\_\_

Stress = Strain \* **Modulus**

In momentum and torque problems, How do you calculate **stress**?

F/A ## Footnote (Force divided by Area)

How do you calculate **strain**?

Divide the **Δ L** by **L** ## Footnote (Divide the net **Change **in object's length, by it's **Original** length.)

1 Angstrom = \_\_\_\_\_ meters

10^-10 meters

The density of Water is ______ **kilograms** per **cubic meter**

1,000 kg/m³

What is the trick to guesstimate the **solubility **of a compound, using that compound's solubility product (**K_sp**)?

Solubility = if the compound dissociates into **_2_** particles, **solubility** is the **SQUARE ROOT of the K_sp**. If compound dissociates into **_3_** particles, then the **solubility **≈ the **CUBE root of the K_sp**. TRICK: For **2-particle compounds**: Divide the exponent on the K_sp by 2 For **3-particle** compounds: Divide the exponent on the K_sp by 3.

When you write the **K_sp** for a given dissolved substance, what part of the solution is *not* included in the **K_sp**"expression"? (i.e., expression → **K_sp = []\*[]**)

pure liquids, and pure solids

What is a "**saturated** solution"?

2 definitions: 1. solution that is in equilibrium with its precipitate 2. sol'n whose ion-product (i.e., **[]\*[]**) is **equal to K_sp**

If "Metal *A*" and a different "Metal B" are given the same amount of heat, but Metal *A*'s *Temperature rises* *more quickly*: Which metal has a _higher_ **specific heat**?

Metal **B**

In the formula **q = mcΔT**, "**c**" stands for: ???

the **specific heat** of a given substance

What is the **specific heat** of H₂O?

1 cal **/** g^-1**\***ºC^-1 or 1 cal **/** g^-1**\***ºK^-1 or 1 J **/** mol^-1**\***ºK^-1

T/F: ## Footnote The heat capacity of an object increases with its size.

Tru

How do we calculate the **magnification factor**?

m = - (image / object)

How do we know if an image will be *upright* or *inverted*?

* If m is **positive**, image is **upright**. * If m is **negative**, image is **inverted**.

In optics, How do we know the size of an image?

multiply height of object by mag factor

What does it mean if object distance, **o**, is negative?

Not possible! **o** is **always positive**

What can cause the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the ***right***?

* ↑↑ the partial pressure of **CO₂** * ↓↓ the **pH** * ↑↑↑ the **temperature**

How many **radians** in a given circle?

360 degrees = 2π radians

1 radian = \_\_\_\_ degrees

57.3

For conVEX (diverging) ***_mirrors_***, explain**/**describe: * *when* the ***f***, or ***i***, or the image distance (**o**), or the ***height of*** image, is _positive_.

* For con**_VEX_** *_Mirrors_*, both the focal length (**f**) and the image distance (**i**) are ALWAYS, ALWAYS, **_ALWAYS NEGATIVE_**. NO EXCEPTIONS. * An object is never imaginary!! So the object's distance (**o**) will ***ALWAYS*** be **POSITIVE**. * Since conVEX mirrors show **virtual** (unreal) images, the images are *always* **upright**. Therefore, image's **_height_** is *ALWAYS* **positive**. (*upright* image = *positive* height. inverted image = negative height) SEE http://youtu.be/Pi02n\_lteXA

What is **specific gravity**?

density of ***something*** **÷** density of ***water***