MCAS - BioChem, Photosynthesis, & Cellular Respiration Flashcards
List the six elements found in all living things
CHNOPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
What is an organic compound?
A compound with carbon
Give examples of carbohydrates
Simple sugars (glucose, fructose), starches
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
They have a carbon backbone and hydrogen. (CH2O). They are basically made of simple sugars (monosaccharides)
What is the function of carbohydrates?
They supply immediate energy for all cell activities. Some plants and animals use them for structural purposes.
What is the function of proteins?
Some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes (enzymes). Some form bones and muscles. They also make protein channels in membranes.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
CHONS. Amino acid chains.
Give examples of proteins.
Enzymes, antibodies.
What are the building blocks of lipids?
CHO. Fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the function of lipids?
Long term storage of energy and builds structural parts of membranes.
Give examples of lipids.
Fats, oils, waxes.
Give the building blocks of nucleic acids.
CHONP. Nucleotides.
Give examples of nucleic acids.
DNA & RNA.
What do the electrons do in an ionic bond?
They are transferred from one atom to another.
What do the electrons do in a covalent bond?
They are shared.
What is an acid? What numbers on the pH scale represent acids?
Less than 7 is an acid. Acids are substances with more H+ protons in them.
What is a base? What numbers on the pH scale represent bases?
Greater than 7 is a base. Bases are substances with OH- protons in them.
What is the function of an enzyme and what type of macromolecule is it?
Enzymes catalyze functions in the body that would work too slow otherwise. Without them, we would not be able to survive. They are proteins.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the function of ATP?
It is the basic energy source. Energy is stored in ATP and is released by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group (creating ADP).
Name the two reactions in photosynthesis.
Light-Dependent Reaction & Light-Independent Cycle (Calvin Cycle).
Describe the Light-Dependent Reaction.
A photosynthetic organism collects sunlight and water and makes it into oxygen (O2), ATP, and NADPH.
Describe the Light-Independent Reaction.
It takes CO2 from the air, and NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reaction and makes it into sugar, ADP, and NADP+.
Define aerobic respiration.
Respiration in the presence of oxygen.
Define anaerobic respiration.
Respiration in the absence of oxygen.
What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
What are the three steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.
