MCAS - BioChem, Photosynthesis, & Cellular Respiration

Question 0

List the six elements found in all living things

Answer 0

CHNOPS: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Question 1

What is an organic compound?

Answer 1

A compound with carbon

Question 2

Give examples of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Simple sugars (glucose, fructose), starches

Question 3

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

They have a carbon backbone and hydrogen. (CH2O). They are basically made of simple sugars (monosaccharides)

Question 4

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

They supply immediate energy for all cell activities. Some plants and animals use them for structural purposes.

Question 5

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 5

Some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes (enzymes). Some form bones and muscles. They also make protein channels in membranes.

Question 6

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 6

CHONS. Amino acid chains.

Question 7

Give examples of proteins.

Answer 7

Enzymes, antibodies.

Question 8

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 8

CHO. Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 9

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 9

Long term storage of energy and builds structural parts of membranes.

Question 10

Give examples of lipids.

Answer 10

Fats, oils, waxes.

Question 11

Give the building blocks of nucleic acids.

Answer 11

CHONP. Nucleotides.

Question 12

Give examples of nucleic acids.

Answer 12

DNA & RNA.

Question 13

What do the electrons do in an ionic bond?

Answer 13

They are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 14

What do the electrons do in a covalent bond?

Answer 14

They are shared.

Question 15

What is an acid? What numbers on the pH scale represent acids?

Answer 15

Less than 7 is an acid. Acids are substances with more H+ protons in them.

Question 16

What is a base? What numbers on the pH scale represent bases?

Answer 16

Greater than 7 is a base. Bases are substances with OH- protons in them.

Question 17

What is the function of an enzyme and what type of macromolecule is it?

Answer 17

Enzymes catalyze functions in the body that would work too slow otherwise. Without them, we would not be able to survive. They are proteins.

Question 18

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 19

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 19

It is the basic energy source. Energy is stored in ATP and is released by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group (creating ADP).

Question 20

Name the two reactions in photosynthesis.

Answer 20

Light-Dependent Reaction & Light-Independent Cycle (Calvin Cycle).

Question 21

Describe the Light-Dependent Reaction.

Answer 21

A photosynthetic organism collects sunlight and water and makes it into oxygen (O2), ATP, and NADPH.

Question 22

Describe the Light-Independent Reaction.

Answer 22

It takes CO2 from the air, and NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reaction and makes it into sugar, ADP, and NADP+.

Question 23

Define aerobic respiration.

Answer 23

Respiration in the presence of oxygen.

Question 24

Define anaerobic respiration.

Answer 24

Respiration in the absence of oxygen.

Question 25

What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 25

6O2 + C6H12O6 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

Question 26

What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

Answer 26

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.