MCAS - Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Define homeostasis
A state of equilibrium where the body best functions.
List the order of the composition of an organism.
Cells ➡ Tissue ➡ Organs ➡ Organ System ➡ Organism.
Define physiological feedback loop
Sensors that detect when something in the body changes. It then sends messages to have it fixed. The main goal is to keep the organism in a state of homeostasis.
List the path the bolus takes when it gets digested
Mouth ➡ Stomach ➡ Duodenum ➡ Small Intestine ➡ Large Intestine
Explain the function of the mouth.
Physical digestion (chewing) Chemical digestion (salivary amylase)
Explain the function of the esophagus
Physical digestion (peristalsis) Sends the bolus to the stomach
Explain the function of the stomach
Physical digestion (churning)
Explain the function of the small intestine
Does chemical digestion. The pancreas and liver provide chemicals to break down and absorb nutrients.
Explain the function of the large intestine.
It absorbs water
Explain the cardiac cycle.
The heart pumps freshly oxygenated blood through arteries to the body. Capillaries are smaller and they help diffuse the blood. Then oxygen-poor blood is sent back to the heart through veins to be oxygenated through capillaries in the bronchioles of the lungs.
What is the job of the liver?
It produces bile.
What is the job of the kidneys?
The kidneys filter blood. They remove urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood to produce urine.
Describe the path an oxygen molecule would take as it enters the body.
Nose ➡ Pharynx ➡ Larynx ➡ Trachea ➡ Bronchus ➡ Bronchioles ➡ Heart ➡ Bloodstream
What is the primary cell of the nervous system?
A neuron
What path would a nerve impulse take if a pin pricked your finger?
Pin pricking skin ➡ neuron ➡ spinal cord ➡ brain
