Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define: Emigration

A

To leave a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Define: Population Density

A

How many organisms there are in a given area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define: Immigration

A

To enter a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define: mortality rate

A

The rate at which organisms die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define: natality rate

A

The rate at which organisms are being born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Carrying capacity

A

Maximum number of organisms that can live in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: limiting factor

A

Something that affects the carrying capacity/slows population growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe: Logistic Growth Curve

A

Goes up then reaches a plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe: Exponential growth curve

A

Goes up steadily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define: Density-dependant limiting factor

A

Accounts for how many organisms are in an area.

Ex. Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define: Density-Independant limiting factor

A

Doesn’t account for how many organisms are in an area.

Ex. Tornado

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

P=?

A

Frequency of dominant allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Q=?

A

Frequency of recessive allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

P^2=?

A

percentage of homozygous dominant individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Q^2=?

A

Percentage of homozygous recessive individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2PQ=?

A

Percentage of heterozygous individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinburg equation?

A

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who were Miller and Urey?

A

They recreated the early conditions of Earth in a lab experiment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define: primordial soup

A

When organic molecules accumulated in the oceans. (It was like soup)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?

A

Proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities of prokaryotic organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who was Lynn Margulis?

A

Brought forth reasonable evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory in the 1960’s.

21
Q

What was The Beagle?

A

The ship Darwin sailed on.

22
Q

Darwin produced what theory?

A

The Theory of Evolution

23
Q

Describe Darwin’s observations of the Galapagos finches

A

They were similar, but they all had different beaks on different islands. He figured that they had adapted to different food sources on the islands in order to survive. He figured they had all been part of one species.

24
Q

Who was James Hutton?

A

He helped scientists realize that Earth was many millions of years old.

25
Q

Who was Charles Lyell?

A

Published works that said the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.

26
Q

What did Darwin learn from Lyell?

A

He figured that if the Earth was constantly changing the same way, that organisms could too.

27
Q

Describe Lamarck’s evolution hypothesis

A

He thought that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms could lose or acquire traits. These traits could be passes on to offspring and would lead to a change in species overtime. Lamarck was wrong.

28
Q

Why was Lamarck wrong?

A

He did not know how genetic worked and how traits were inherited. And that an organisms behavior does not affect it’s heritable traits.

29
Q

Who was Thomas Malthus?

A

He reasoned that if the human population continued to grow, it would eventually be too big and there would be an insufficient food supply and space.

30
Q

How did Malthus affect Darwin?

A

Darwin was able to assume that one species could overrun the world. This was central to Darwin’s idea of evolutionary change.

31
Q

What was “On The Origin Of Species” and what was in it?

A

It was Darwin’s book about evolution. It contained his journal entries from his trip on The Beagle.

It proposed natural selection, and presented evidence that evolution has occurred and continues to occur now.

32
Q

Who was Alfred Wallace?

A

He wrote a small essay to Darwin explaining that he had the same thoughts as Darwin. He successfully encouraged Darwin to publish his book.

33
Q

Define: artificial selection

A

When plant and animal breeders breed the best. They choose who to mate with who to get the best possible outcome.

34
Q

Define: fittest

A

An individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in it’s environment.

35
Q

Define: adaptation

A

Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

36
Q

Define: survival of the fittest

A

Those better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.

37
Q

Define: natural selection

A

Same thing as survival of the fittest. Over time, natural selection results in changes in characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness.

38
Q

Define: descent with modification

A

Each living species has descended with changes over time.

39
Q

What are the four main pieces of evidence of evolution?

A
  1. The fossil record
  2. Geographical distribution of living species
  3. Homologous body structures
  4. Similarities in embryology
40
Q

Define: macroevolution

A

Refers to large scale evolutionary patters

41
Q

What leads to genetic variation?

A

Each gene has two or more alleles, so the combination of alleles leads to genetic variation.

42
Q

Define: Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species that intervreed

43
Q

Define: gene pool

A

All the different alleles present in a population

44
Q

Define: relative frequency

A

How many times an allele is present in a gene pool. When genetics is present, evolution can be defined as any change in relative frequency.

45
Q

Define/Describe: Directional selection

A

Individuals at one end of the curve have a higher fitness than individuals at the middle of lower end. Curve shifts to the side.

46
Q

Define/Describe: Stabilizing Selection

A

Individuals near the center have a higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve. Curve becomes steeper.

47
Q

Define/Describe: Disruptive Selection

A

Individuals at either end of the curve have a higher fitness. Curve becomes two humps. This can lead to a change in species.

48
Q

Define: Genetic drift

A

Sometimes things happen by chance and a random change in allele frequency can occur due to small populations.

49
Q

Define: Founder Effect

A

A small group of organisms carrying a different relative frequency of alleles may migrate.

50
Q

Define: speciation

A

The production of a new species through separation of the gene pool

51
Q

List the three isolation mechanisms

A
  1. Behavioral: different courtship rituals
  2. Geographic: separated by Earth
  3. Temporal/seasonal: reproducing at different times

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions