Mbj Flashcards
Which fontanelle takes the longest to close?
Anterior- closes 1-2 Yrs
Posterior closes 1st soon after birth
Functions of fontanelles
- Overlapping of bones in mounding
- Post natal development of skull bones
- Post natal development of brain
Present in angles of parietal bone
Sutures
Dense Connective Tissue between flat bones of the skull that form fibrous joints
Formation of brachicephalic vein
Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein forms brachiocephalic vein
Where does external jugular vein drain
Drains into subclavian vein
It is located in posterior triangle of the neck
Tributaries on internal jugular vein
Facial vein
Pharyngeal vein
Superior and middle and fourth thyroid veins
Lingual veins
What is the base of occipital triangle?
Inferior belly of omohyoid
What are the boundaries of carotid triangle?
Superior: inferior mandible
Inferior: superior belly of omohyoid
Anterior anterior median line
Posterior: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor: muscle: middle and inferior constrictors, thyrohyoid and hyoglossus
Roof- skin, superficial fascia and investing layer of deep fascia
What are the lymph nodes located in the carotid triangle ?
Jugulodigastric- found below digastric muscle
Jugulomohyoid- found above inferior omohyoid
Function of infrahyoid muscles (strap)
Depression of hyoid bone ( elevation in swallowing and vocal movements)
Thyrohyoid-supplied by c1 through hypoglossal
Superior belly of omohyoid - descendend hypoglosi
Inferior belly of omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid
Relations of mylohyoid
Superficial- anterior belly of digastric, superficial part of submandibular gland , submental part of facial artery, mylohyoid nerve and vessels
Deep- hypoglossal muscle and it’s superficial relations: lingual nerve, styloglossusmuscle, submandibular ganglion deep part of submandibular gland,submandibular nerve and vessels, hypoglossal nerve and accompanying veins, and submandibular duct
What is regarded as the remnant of scalene minimums
Sibsons fascia
Scalene minimus hen present is located from c7 to first rib transverse process
Occipitalisation of atlas cause
Failure of segmentation between 4th occipital sclerotome and 1st spinal scelerotome
What are the primary curves of vertebral column?
Thoracic and sacral
Rectus sheath
Aponeurotic sheath formed by aponeurosis of eo,io,ta
Continuous abdominal wall and discontinuous posterior wall.
Contents- superior and inferior epigastric vessels, lower 6 intercostal nerves and subcostal nerves, rectus abdominal and pyrimidalis
Lateral inguinal fossa
Fossa lAteral to lAteral umbilical fold
Contains deep inguinal ring and area where indirect inguinal hernia occurs
What is the inguinal canal?
Musculoaponeurotic tunnel from deep inguinal ring to superficial inguinal ring
Parallel to median inguinal ligament from ASIS to pubic tubercle.
A triangular fold presented above pubic crest from eo aponeurosis known as superficial inguinal ring where the external spermatic fascia margin extend over testes and spermatic duct
The inguinal canal is directed downwards, frontwards and medially.
Contents: round ligament, spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
Contents of spermatic cord
Pampiniform plexus
Testicular artery
Vas deferens
Cremasteric artery
Lymphatic vessels
Sympathetic plexus of nerves to testes and genitofemoral nerve
Remnants of processes vaginalis and connective tissue
Fascia transversalis
Forms deep inguinal rings- internal spermatic fascia
Forms anterior border of femoral triangle
Boundaries of inguinal canal
Anterior- skin,fascia, eo aponeurosis and laterally io
Posterior- fascia transversalis, conjoint tendon, reflected ligament of inguinal ligament
Roof- ta and io muscles u
Floor- median inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament
Inlet- deep inguinal ring
Outlet- superficial inguinal ring
Coverings for spermatic cord, and cremasteric muscle derived from?
Transverse fascia—> internal spermatic fascia
IO and transverse abdominis—> cremasteric fascia
Eo—>external spermatic fascia
Mechanisms preventing hernia in inguinal region
- Shutter valve- arches fibres of io and transverse abdominis
- flap valve-oblique canal
- Ball valve-cremasteric muscle
- Slit valve- contraction of eo closing 2 crura
- internal oblique anterior to deep inguinal ring
- Conjoint tendon and reflected inguinal ligament in front hasselbachs triangle
Hesselbachs triangle
Weakness in triangular medial part of posterior abdominal wall..area susceptible to direct inguinal hernia
Boundaries
Lateral-inferior epigastric vessels
Medially- rectus abdominis muscle
Inferiorly- inguinal ligament
Proximal carpal bones
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrial Pisiform Distal row- trapezium, trapezoid, capitate,hamate
