MB2

Question 1

example on segrating metabolic processes ?

Answer 1

1 - separate glycolysis from glycogenesis.
2 - separate synthesis of protien bonds from hydrlysis of protien bonds

Question 2

what is protein sorting ?

Answer 2

it is the process of transfering proteins from the compartment where they are made to the compartment where they are used

Question 3

protein sorting depends on what ?

Answer 3

on signals built into the amino acid sequence of the proteins

Question 4

what is the most prominent organelle in eukaryotic cells ?

Answer 4

The nucleus

Question 5

what is nuclear envelope ?

Answer 5

a double membrane that surround the nucleus which have pore structure on its surface

Question 6

how the nucleus communicates with cytosol ?

Answer 6

via nuclear pores that perforate the envelope

Question 7

what is the major site of synthesis of new membranes in the cell ?

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum (ER),

Question 8

what is the different between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ?

Answer 8

the rough one have ribosomes attached to the cytosolic surface

Question 9

what is the functions of the smooth ER ?

Answer 9

1- , it is the site of steroid hormone synthesis in some endocrine cells
2- the site where a variety of organic molecules, including alcohol, are detoxified in liver cells

Question 10

when is The signs and symptoms of Zellweger syndrome typically appear ?

Answer 10

during the newborn period

Question 11

what is The signs and symptoms of Zellweger syndrome ?

Answer 11

poor muscle tone
seizures
poor feeding
hearing loss,
vision loss
distinctive facial features,
skeletal abnormalities
there is no cure ):

Question 12

Zellweger syndrome is caused bywhat ?

Answer 12

mutationsin any one of at least 12genes

; mutations in thePEX1gene are the most common

Question 13

How is the disease inherited?

Answer 13

in anautosomal recessivemanner.

Question 14

what PEX1gene provides ?

Answer 14

provides instructions for making a protein called (pex1) protein which is part of a group of proteins called peroxins

Question 15

what is the function of the peroxins ?

Answer 15

for the formation and normal functioning of peroxisomes .

Question 16

what is Leukodystrophies ?

Answer 16

a group of rare, progressive, metabolic, genetic diseases that affect the brain, spinal cord and often the peripheral nerves

Question 17

: PBD-ZSS is caused bymutationsin one of 13 PEXgenesencoding peroxins.

Answer 17

فهم

Question 18

PBD-ZSS isa group ofinheritedgenetic disorders that damage the white matter of the brain and affect motor movements

Answer 18

فهم

Question 19

Ribosomes that are translating proteins with no ER signal sequence remain free in the cytosol.

Ribosomes that are translating proteins containing an ER signal sequence (red) on the growing polypeptide chain will be directed to the ER membrane

Answer 19

فهم

Question 20

why they called coated vesicles ?

Answer 20

cuz they bud from membranes usually have a distinctive protein coat on their cytosolic surface

Question 21

The coat serves at least two functions ?

Answer 21

1. it helps shape the membrane into a bud
   . captures molecules for onward transport.

Question 22

Clathrin triskelions, composed of what ?.

Answer 22

3 heavy chains and 3 light chains, are the basic subunits of the clathrin coat

Question 23

what is dynamin ?

Answer 23

A small GTP-binding protein
work as a ring around the neck of each deeply invaginated coated pit. Together with other proteins causes the ring to constrict which pinching off the vesicle

Question 24

. There are different types of adaptins reflecting the differences in the cargo molecules to be transported from each of these sources.

Answer 24

فهم

Question 25

the function of the COP-coated vesicles ?

Answer 25

involved in transporting molecules between the ER and the Golgi apparatus and from one part of the Golgi apparatus to another

Question 26

SNARE proteins functions ?

Answer 26

ensure that transport vesicles dock at their appropriate target membranes

catalyze the final fusion of the two membranes

Question 27

The SNARE proteins themselves catalyze the fusion process: once fusion is triggered, the v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs wrap around each other. After fusion, the SNAREs are pried apart so that they can be used again.

Answer 27

فهم

Question 28

Many of the proteins that enter the ER lumen or ER membrane are converted to glycoproteins.

Answer 28

فهم

Question 29

what is Cystic fibrosis?

Answer 29

agenetic disorderthat affects mostly thelungs, but also thepancreas,liver,kidneys, andintestine

Question 30

what are the symptoms of the Cystic fibrosis

Answer 30

difficulty breathingand coughing upmucusas a result of frequentlung infections sinus infections,poor growth,fatty stool,clubbing of the fingers and toes, andinfertilityin some males.

Question 31

CFTR FUNCTION ?

Answer 31

PROVIDES INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING CHLORIDE CHANNEL

Question 32

The most common mutation is a deletion of three nucleotidesthat results in a loss of the amino acidphenylalanine(F).
Cytogenetic Location: 7q31.2 which isthe long (q) arm ofchromosome 7at position 31.2.

Answer 32

.

Question 33

how to know if there is a CFTR dysfunction ?

Answer 33

based on an abnormal sweat chloride test