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Dental Morphology > Maxillary Premolars > Flashcards

Maxillary Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

Notation for maxillary right 1st premolar

A

5

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2
Q

Notation for maxillary right 2nd premolar

A

4

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3
Q

Notation for maxillary left 1st premolar

A

12

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4
Q

Notation for maxillary left 2nd premolar

A

13

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5
Q

Label the maxillary premolars

A
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6
Q

The maxillary premolars are _____ teeth

A

Posterior

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7
Q

How many maxillary premolars

A

4

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8
Q

What surface do posterior teeth have that anterior teeth do not have?

A

Occlusal

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9
Q

The maxillary premolars are made of how many cusps?

A

Two

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10
Q

What are the two cusps of the maxillary premolars

A

Lingual cusp
Buccal cusp

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11
Q

What cusp of the maxillary premolars is considered the functional cusp

A

Lingual cusp

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12
Q

What cusp of the maxillary premolars is considered the nonfunctional cusp

A

Buccal cusp

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13
Q

We should not refer to the maxillary premolars as:

A

Bicuspids

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14
Q

Maxillary premolars are succedaneous teeth & replace the:

A

Deciduous molars

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15
Q

Label the lingual & buccal cusp:

A

Top/wider portion= buccal cusp
Bottom/narrow portion= lingual cusp

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16
Q

How many lobes do the maxillary premolars develop from?

A

Four

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17
Q

Categorize the four lobes that the maxillary premolars develop from:

A

3 buccal lobes
1 lingual lobe

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18
Q

What are the names of the three buccal lobes of the maxillary premolars:

A

Middle Buccal (MB)
Buccal (B)
Distobuccal (DB)

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19
Q

What does the one lingual lobe of the maxillary premolar develop into?

A

Lingual cusp

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20
Q

A demarcation between the buccal & lingual lobes of the maxillary premolar:

A

Central developmental groove

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21
Q

What does this red line represent on the maxillary premolar:

A

Central developmental groove

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22
Q

Label the following views of the maxillary first premolar:

A

1- Buccal
2- Mesial
3- Distal
4- Lingual
5- Occlusal

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23
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

This resembles what tooth:

A

Canine

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24
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The outline is:

A

Roughly trapezoidal

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25
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The buccal cusp is comprised of what cusp arms

A

Mesial cusp arm
Distal cusp arm

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26
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

On the buccal cusp which cusp arm is longer & straighter

Which cusp arm is shorter & more curved

A

Mesial

Distal

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27
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

Describe the mesial cusp arm of the buccal cusp:

A

Mesial cusp arm= longer & straighter than distal cusp arm

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28
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

Describe the distal cusp arm:

A

Distal cusp arm= shorter & more curved than the mesial cusp arm

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29
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The buccal height of contour is in the:

A

Cervical 1/3 of crown

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30
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The mesial contact is located in:

A

Middle 1/3

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31
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

What lays just below the mesial contact:

A

Mesial concavitu

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32
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

A mesial concavity is located:

A

Just below the mesial contact

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33
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The distal contact is located:

A

In the middle 1/3

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34
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

Describe the differences between the mesial & distal contacts

A

Both located in middle 1/3- but distal contact is broader & more cervical

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35
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The distal aspect is generally more:

A

Convex

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36
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The middle buccal lobe has a _____ & associated _____

A

Prominent buccal ridge
Developmental depressions

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37
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

What lobes are less developed

A

Mesial & distal lobes

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38
Q

First Premolar: Buccal View

The less developed mesial & distal lobes results in:

A

Mesial & distal line angles

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39
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

The crown tapers:

A

Lingually

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40
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

The lingual part is more _____ than the buccal

A

Narrow

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41
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

The lingual aspect of the crown can be described as:

A

Smoothly convex

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42
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

The lingual cusp is _______ & more _____ than the buccal cusp

A

1 mm shorter
More pointed

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43
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

What is visible from this view

A

The buccal cusp

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44
Q

What view does the following image show?

A

Lingual view

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45
Q

Label the mesial & distal sides from this lingual view:

A

Mesial——————-Distal

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46
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

The lingual cusp is located:

A

Mesially

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47
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

Because the lingual cusp is located mesially, this means that which cusp arm is shorter?

A

Mesial

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48
Q

First Premolar: Lingual View

The mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is ______ than the distolingual cusp arm (DL)

A

Shorter

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49
Q

In a maxillary first premolar- From a lingual view, the mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is shorter than the distolingual cusp arm (DL)- why is this of importance?

A

Because this is opposite of the buccal cusp

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50
Q

Label which is the lingual & buccal view in the maxillary first premolar

A

Left- Buccal
Right- Lingual

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51
Q

Describe the cusp arm lengths in the lingual & buccal views of the maxillary first premolar:

A

Lingual view- Mesiolingual cusp arm is SHORTER than the distolingual cusp arm

Buccal view- Mesiolingual cusp arm is LONGER than the distolingual cusp arm

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52
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

What is the shape of the outline

A

Trapezoidal

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53
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

How many cusps are visible from the mesial view?

A

Two

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54
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

What two cusps are visible from the mesial view?

A

Buccal & lingual

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55
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

Which cusp is taller? (Buccal or Lingual)

A

Buccal

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56
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

The buccal height of contour is:

A

In cervical 1/3

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57
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

The lingual height of contour is:

A

In middle 1/3

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58
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

From the mesial view, what depression can be seen?

A

Mesial developmental depression/concavity

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59
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

Why is it of significance that the mesial developmental depression can be viewed from the mesial aspect of the maxillary first premolar

A

Maxillary second premolars do not have this

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60
Q

What view are we looking at the maxillary 1st premolar from:

A

Mesial view

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61
Q

What is a defining trait of a maxillary first premolar?

A

Mesial developmental depression

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62
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

Describe the location of the mesial contact area:

A

Middle 1/3 & offset buccally

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63
Q

Name the orange & red anatomical features of the maxillary first premolar:

A

Orange- Mesial contact
Red- Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

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64
Q

Label which side is facial & which side is lingual in this view of a maxillary 1st premolar:

A

Facial - left side of image
Lingual- right side of image

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65
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

50-60% have ____ roots

Around 50% have _____ roots

A

2; 1

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66
Q

First Premolar: Mesial View

Describe the root trunk:

A

Long root trunk (1/2-2/3) length of root

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67
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Mesial View

The root trunk extends from _____ to where ____

A

CEJ ; Furcation occurs

68
Q

The bifurcated portion of the root is typically about _____ of its length

69
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Distal View

List the differences of the distal view compared to the mesial view:

A

Absence of:
1- mesial concavity
2- mesial developmental depression
3- marginal ridge developmental groove

70
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Distal View

When compared to the mesial aspect, the distal curvature of the cervical line is:

71
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Distal View

The distal contact area is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

72
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Distal View

Describe the distal contact area:

A

Middle 1/3
Offset buccally
Broader contact
Located more cervical (when compared to mesial)

73
Q

What view does the following image of the maxillary first premolar represent?

A

Distal view

74
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Occlusal View

What shape does the occlusal outline take on?

75
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Occlusal View

_____ dimension is greater than the _____ dimension

76
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Occlusal View

The crown is wider on the ______ than on the ______

A

Buccal; lingual

77
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Occlusal View

What cusps can be seen from this view?

A

Buccal & lingual

78
Q

Maxillary first Premolar: Occlusal View

From this view we can see that each cusp is composed of:

A

Four ridges

79
Q

Label each side of the maxillary first premolar from this occlusal view:

A

Top- facial
Bottom- lingual
Left- distal
Right- mesial

80
Q

From an occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar what side is longer? (Mesial or distal)

81
Q

From an occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar what aspect is longer? (FL or MD)

82
Q

Label the following surface anatomy that can be seen from the occlusal aspect of the maxillary first premolar:

A

A- buccal ridge
B- mesial cusp arm
C- cusp tip
D- lingual triangular ridge
E- buccal triangular ridge
F- distal cusp arm

83
Q

Label each facial, lingual, distal, mesial from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar

A

A- facial
B- mesial
C- lingual
D- distal

84
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is _____ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

85
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

_____ cusp ridge is longer than the _____ cusp ridge

A

Mesiobuccal; distobuccal

86
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

Compare the mesiobuccal & distobuccal cusp ridges:

A

Mesiobuccal cusp ridge = longer

87
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

The mesiolingual cusp ridge is ____ than the distolingual cusp ridge

88
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

The _____ cusp ridge is shorter than the _____ cusp ridge

A

Mesiolingual
Distolingual

89
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What triangular ridges are present?

A

Buccal & lingual

90
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

Compare the lingual triangular ridge to the buccal triangular ridge:

A

Lingual triangular ridge is less prominent
Is angled
Is not straight

91
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

Prominent elevation, triangular in cross-section, which extend from the tip of a cusp toward the central portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth

A

Triangular ridge

92
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What surface anatomy is present from this view (3):

A

1- mesial & distal marginal ridges
2- central developmental groove
3- mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

93
Q

Label the anatomy of the first maxillary premolar: occlusal view-

Label a, b, c

A

A- distal marginal ridge
B- central developmental groove
C- mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

94
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

Label 1-4

A

1- distal
2- lingual
3- mesial
4- buccal

95
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What supplemental grooves are present?

A

Mesiobuccal & distobuccal supplemental grooves

96
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What developmental pits are present?

A

Mesial & distal developmental pits

97
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What triangular fossa are present?

A

Mesial & distal triangular fossa

98
Q

First maxillary premolar: occlusal view

Label the anatomy of the tooth in the provided image-

A

A- distobuccal supplemental groove
B- mesiobuccal supplemental groove
C- distal marginal ridge
D- mesial triangular fossa
E- distal triangular fossa
F- distal developmental pit
G- mesial developmental pit

99
Q

How many roots are present in the Maxillary first premolar? (50-60% of the time)

A

Two separate roots

100
Q

What two roots are present in the Maxillary first premolar 50-60% of the time

A

Buccal & lingual

101
Q

On the Maxillary first premolar, from the buccal the root resembles the root of the:

102
Q

From a facial view how many roots are visible in the maxillary first premolar?

A

Only single root visible

103
Q

From a lingual view of the maxillary first premolar how many roots are visible?

A

Only a single root is visible

104
Q

From a mesial view of the maxillary first premolar, how many roots are visible?

105
Q

From a distal view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are visible?

106
Q

What anatomical feature is obvious when looking at a cross-section of the maxillary first premolar’s roots?

A

The mesial developmental depression

107
Q

The root of the maxillary first premolar is broad ______ & narrow ______

A

Broad- BL
Narrow- MD

108
Q

The trunk of root of the maxillary first premolar is:

A

1/2-2/3 the length of the root

109
Q

Label the sides of the root images of the maxillary first premolar:

A

Top- lingual
Bottom- Buccal
Left- mesial
Right- distal

110
Q

This image is a maxillary first premolar from what view:

A

Facial or lingual apsect

111
Q

This is an image of a maxillary first premolar from what view:

A

Mesial or distal aspect

112
Q

On the maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see:

A

Two pulp horns & two pulp canals

113
Q

On a maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see that the _____ is larger of the two pulp horns as well as in the two pulp canals

114
Q

The MD section of a maxillary first premolar’s root resembles:

A

The canine

115
Q

On a maxillary first premolar, the transverse cross section displays what shape:

A

Kidney shape

116
Q

What is being highlighted on the following image of a maxillary first premolar?

A

A- buccal ridge

117
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is being shown in the following image:

A

Buccal aspect

118
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is being shown in the following image:

A

Lingual aspect

119
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is being shown in the following image:

120
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is being shown in the following image:

A

Mesial aspect

121
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is being shown in the following image:

A

Distal view

122
Q

What is the defining characteristic on the mesial aspect of a maxillary first premolar?

A

Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

123
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar resembles what tooth?

A

Maxillary 1st premolar

124
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar is ______ compared to the maxillary first premolar

125
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar is more _____ & less _____ than the maxillary first premolar

A

Rounded
Angular

126
Q

How many roots are present in a maxillary 2nd premolar?

127
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar exhibits more _____ compared to a maxillary 1st premolar

A

Shape variations

128
Q

List four notable differences when comparing the maxillary 2nd premolar to the maxillary 1st premolar:

A

1- smaller
2- more rounded, less angular
3- single rooted
4- more shape variations

129
Q

Label the views of the maxillary 2nd premolar:

A

Top left- buccal
Top right- lingual
Middle- occlusal
Bottom left- mesial
Bottom right- distal

130
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

Is similar to the:

A

Maxillary 1st premolar

131
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

Is similar to the maxillary 1st premolar but the _____ & _____ line angles are _____ prominent

132
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

What cusp ridge is not as obvious when compared to the maxillary 1st premolar?

A

Buccal cusp ridge

133
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

The _________ are not as well developed in comparison to the maxillary 1st premolar

A

Buccal developmental depressions

134
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

135
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

Describe the mesiobuccal & distobuccal cusp ridges

A

Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter than the distobuccal cusp ridge

136
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: buccal view

When compared to the maxillary 1st premolar the buccal cusp of the maxillary 2nd premolar is:

A

Not as long

137
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: lingual view

The lingual cusp is _____ than the lingual cusp in the maxillary 1st premolar

138
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: lingual view

Because the linger cusp is longer than the lingual cusp of the maxillary 1st premolar & since the buccal cusp of the maxillary 2nd premolar is shorter than the buccal cusp of the maxillary 1st premolar, there will be _______ of the buccal profile from the lingual aspect

A

Less visibility

139
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: mesial view

The buccal & lingual cusps are ______ but ______ compared to the maxillary first premolar

A

Approximately equal; shorter

140
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: mesial view

Describe the mesial contact-

A

Middle 1/3
Slightly offset to the buccal

141
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: mesial view

Describe the mesial marginal ridge developmental groove:

A

Not present (the mesial marginal ridge is therefore a defining characteristic of the maxillary first premolar)

142
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: mesial view

Describe the mesial developmental depression:

A

Not present

143
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: mesial view

Describe two major differences distinguishing the maxillary 1st premolar from the maxillary 2nd premolar

A

1- Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove present on maxillary 1st but NOT second premolar
2- Mesial developmental depression present on maxillary 1st premolar but NOT second premolar

144
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: mesial view

Describe the root

A

Single tapered root

145
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: distal view

This view is similar to the ______ view

146
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: distal view

Describe the distal contact-

A

Middle 1/3
Offset to the buccal

147
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: occlusal view

What shape does the outline of this view take on?

A

Round or oval

148
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: occlusal view

The MB & DB line angles are ______ compared to the maxillary 1st premolar

A

More rounded

149
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: occlusal view

Compared to the maxillary 1st premolar - describe the lingual convergence

A

Less lingual convergence

150
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: occlusal view

The central developmental groove is _____ compared to the maxillary first premolar

151
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: occlusal view

Because the central developmental groove is shorter in the maxillary second premolar (compared to the maxillary 1st premolar), the mesial & distal marginal ridges are:

152
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: occlusal view

From this view we see numerous ________ causing a ______ appearance

A

Supplemental grooves
Wrinkled

153
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: root

Describe the root

A

Single tapered root

154
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

What percent of individuals have two canals?

155
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

Describe the maxillary second premolar root length in comparison to the maxillary first premolar root length

A

Root length is same

156
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

The root is broad ______ & narrow ______

157
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

The root is _____ buccolingually & _____ mesiodistally

A

Broad; narrow

158
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

Describe the developmental depressions

A

None present

159
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

Describe the shape of a transverse section:

A

Oval/round

160
Q

Label these sections of the maxillary 2nd premolar root:

A

1- MD section
2- FL sections
3- Transverse section

161
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

In a BL section how many pulp horns are present?

162
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

The two pulp horns present in a buccolingual section are the:

A

Same height

163
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

In 50% of individuals how pulp canals are present?

164
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

The MD section of the maxillary 2nd premolar compared to the maxillary 1st premolar is:

165
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar: Root

Describe the transverse section of the root and pulp canal:

A

Oval shaped (due to lack of developmental depression)

166
Q

For the maxillary second premolar, the heights of contour include:

1- mesial:
2- distal:
3- buccal:
4- lingual:

A

1- middle 1/3
2- middle 1/3
3- cervical 1/3
4- middle 1/3

167
Q

While the maxillary 1st & 2nd premolars have approximately the same dimensions, the ______ is larger overall:

A

Maxillary 1st premolar

Dental Morphology (11 decks)

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