Mandibular Premolars Flashcards
1
Q
How many mandibular premolars should an individual have?
A
Four
2
Q
Mandibular premolars are succedaneous teeth & replace the:
A
Primary molars
3
Q
The mandibular first premolar develops from _____ lobes
A
Four
4
Q
Describe the four lobes the mandibular first premolars develops from
A
3 facial
1 lingual
5
Q
The mandibular second premolar develops from ______ lobes
A
Four or five
6
Q
Describe the four or five lobes that the mandibular second premolar develops from:
A
3 facial
1-2 lingual
7
Q
Label each view of the mandibular first premolar:
A
Top left- buccal
Top right- lingual
Middle- occlusal
Bottom left- mesial
Bottom right- distal
8
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
What is the geometric shape
A
Trapezoidal
9
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Describe the buccal lobe
A
Well developed with prominent buccal ridge
10
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
The buccal cusp resembled the _______ but the cusp tip is _____
A
Mandibular canine
More rounded
11
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Label the red highlighted region in the following image:
A
Buccal ridge
12
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
The mesial slope of the buccal cusp is ______ than the distal slope of the buccal cusp
A
Shorter
13
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Why is it significant that from this view the mesial cusp arm is shorter than the distal?
A
Because this is opposite of the maxillary 1st premolar
14
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Label the mesial & distal cusp arms/slopes in the following image:
A
Left- distal
Right- mesial
15
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Describe the mesial & distal outlines:
A
Slightly concave
16
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Describe the mesial & distal heights of contour:
A
Middle 1/3
17
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
The cervix is much narrower ______ than the crown width at the _____
A
Mesiodistally
Contact areas
18
Q
1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view
Describe the cervical line:
A
Exhibits little curvature
19
Q
Mandibular 1st premolar: Buccal view
The buccal surface is ______ especially at the ______ & ______ portions of the tooth
A
Convex
Cervical & middle 1/3
20
Q
Mandibular 1st premolar: Buccal view
Compare the root of the Mandibular first premolar compared to the root of the mandibular canine:
A
Root is 3-4 mm shorter than the canine
21
Q
Mandibular 1st premolar: Buccal view
The root curves:
A
Distally
22
Q
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The crown & root tapers markedly toward the ____
A
Lingual
23
Q
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
Describe the lingual cusp:
A
The lingual cusp is small & may resemble the cingulum of a canine
24
Q
Label what is facial & what is lingual on the provided image:
A
Top- facial
Bottom- lingual
25
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
Occlusal surface slopes ______ in a _____ direction
This can be seen from a _____ view
Lignually; cervical
Lingual view
26
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The lingual cusp can be described as:
Convex in all directions
27
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The mesial & distal outlines are _____ from the ______ to the ________
Concave
Cervical margin; contact areas
28
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
Prominent anatomical feature from this view:
Mesiolingual developmental groove
29
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
Demarcates the lingual lobe from the mesiobuccal lobe:
Mesiolingual developmental groove
30
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The mesiolingual developmental groove demarcates the ______ from the _____
Lingual; mesiobuccal
31
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
Anatomical feature responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp
Mesiolingual developmental groove
32
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The Mesiolingual developmental groove separates the ______ from the ______
Mesial marginal ridge
Lingual cusp
33
Label the following anatomical features:
A- mesial marginal ridge
B- mesiolingual developmental groove
C- Lingual cusp
34
Label the following anatomical feature of the mandibular 1st premolar:
A- mesial marginal ridge
B- mesiolingual developmental groove
C- Lingual cusp tip
35
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The root tapers:
Lingually
36
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
From this view what aspects of the root are visible
Lingual
Mesial
Distal
37
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
The root tapers to a:
Pointed apex
38
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
What is located mesially on the root?
Developmental depressions/grooves
39
Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view
What anatomical features can we see on the root & where
Mesial developmental depressions/grooves
40
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
Geometrical shape of the outline:
Rhomboidal
41
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The buccal outline is very:
Curved/convex
42
What view of the mandibular first premolar is shown in the following image:
Mesial
43
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The buccal cusp tip is:
Centered over the midline of the root
44
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The buccal height of contour is at the:
Junction of middle & cervical 1/3
45
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
Compared to the buccal view, the lingual view is:
Less convex
46
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour is in the:
Middle 1/3
47
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour is _____ to the _____
Lingual
Outline of root
48
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour can be described as:
(In reference to root trunk)
Overhanging root trunk
49
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
Label this image:
A- buccal contact
B- lingual contact
C- mesiolingual developmental groove
50
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The lingual cusp tip is on a line with the:
Lingual border of the root
51
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
Distance from the CEJ to the lingual cusp tip is _______ the distance from the CEJ to buccal cusp tip
2/3
52
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
Distance from _____ to _____ cusp tip is 2/3 the distance from the ____ to _____ cusp tip
CEJ to lingual cusp tip
CEJ to buccal cusp tip
53
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The height of A is _____ the height of B
2/3
54
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
________ slopes cervically from buccal to lingual
Mesial marginal ridge
55
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The mesial marginal ridge slopes ______ from _____ to _____
Cervically
Buccal to lingual
56
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
______ separates the mesiobuccal lobe from the Mesiolingual lobe
Mesiolingual developmental groove
57
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the _____ from the _____
Mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe
58
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
From this view, the cerivcal line curves ______ about 1mm
Occlusally
59
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
The mesial surface is ____ except for the ____
Smoothly convex
Mesiolingual developmental groove
60
What view is show in this image?
Label the anatomy from this view of the Mandibular first molar:
Mesial view
A- mesiolingual developmental groove
B- occlusal surface
C- mesial marginal ridge
D- CEJ (cervical line)
61
Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view
From this view, the root outline is tapered to a:
Pointed apex
62
On the mesial side of the Mandibular first premolar root, what feature is present:
Deep developmental depression/groove
63
Mandibular 1st premolar
Interesting fact: the _____ marginal ridge is higher above the _____ than the _____ marginal ridge
Distal marginal ridge
CEJ
Mesial marginal ridge
64
In a mandibular first premolar, the distal marginal ridge is higher above the CEJ than the mesial marginal ridge, this is significant because:
Only tooth in which mesial marginal ridge is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge
65
Describe the differences between the distal & mesial marginal ridges in a mandibular first premolar:
Mesial marginal ridge is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge
66
Label each view of the mandibular first premolars:
Label the anatomical features present on each view:
Left- mesial view
Right- distal view
A- mesial marginal ridge
B- Mesiolingual developmental groove
C- CEJ
D- distal marginal ridge
E- CEJ
67
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
The _____ is almost at right angles to the axis of the tooth
Distal marginal ridge
68
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
The distal marginal ridge is located where relative to the long axis of the tooth
Almost at a right angle
69
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
From this view, the tooth appears:
Smoothly convex
70
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
What may be present above the cervix, extending buccolingually
Concavity
71
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
A concavity may be present _____ & extends _____
Above the cervix
Buccolingually
72
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
Compared to the mesial contact area, the distal contact are is:
Broader
73
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
The distal height of contour is in the:
Middle 1/3
74
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
Compared to the mesial cervical curvature, the distal cervical curvature is:
Less
75
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
From this view, the root is more _____ than the mesial view & less _____
Convex; grooved
76
Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view
From this view, we can see _____ but no _____
Shallow developmental depression; deep groove
77
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
The occlusal view is geometrically _____ in ouline
Diamond
78
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
What two features are pronounced
Buccal cusp
Buccal ridge
79
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
From this view describe the lingual cusp
Small
80
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
From this view, the mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge
Shorter
81
From an occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar describe the differences between the mesiobuccal cusp ridge & the distobuccal cusp ridge
Mesiobuccal a cusp ride is shorter
82
Label the anatomical features from the following view of the mandibular 1st premolar:
A- mesial cusp ridge
B- buccal ridge
C- distal cusp ridge
D- small lingual cusp
83
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
The crown is usually wider ____ than _____
Buccally than lingually
84
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
Mesial & distal marginal ridges are:
Well developed
85
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove
Mesial & distal marginal ridges converge ____ to a a ____
Lingually
Small lingual cusp
86
What anatomical features can be seen from the occlusal view of the mandibular 1st premolar:
A- mesial marginal ridge
B- small lingual cusp
C- distal marginal ridge
D- mesiobuccal cusp ridge
E- buccal ridge
F- distobuccal cusp ridge
87
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
The mesial distal marginal ridges converge:
Lingually
88
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
Describe the mesiobuccal & distobuccal line angles:
Prominent yet quite rounded
89
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
What line angles are prominent yet rounded?
Mesiobuccal & distobuccal line angles
90
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
Describe the mesial & distal contact:
Centered Buccolingually
91
The red lines on this image of a mandibular first premolar represent:
Mesiobuccal & distobuccal line angles
92
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
The buccal & lingual triangular ridges join to gather to form a a single ridge called the:
Transverse ridge
93
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
What ridges join together to form the transverse ridge:
Buccal & lingual triangular ridges
94
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
The transverse ridge is comprised of how many ridges?
Two ridges joining forming a single ridge
95
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
Compare the buccal & lingual triangular ridges
Buccal triangular ridge is larger than the lingual triangular ridge
96
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
The buccal & lingual cusps may be separated by a _______ as in the maxillary premolars
Central groove
97
Label the following anatomy from an occlusal view of the mandibular 1st premolar:
A- mesiobuccal line angle
B- buccal triangular ridge
C- distobuccal line angle
D- lingual triangular ridge
E- distal pit
F- mesial marginal ridge
G- mesial pit
H- distal contact
I- mesial contact
J- transverse ridge
98
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
The transverse ridge separates the _______ from the _______
Mesial occlusal fossa
Distal occlusal fossa
99
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
What is responsible for separating the mesial occlusal & distal occlusal fossa
Transverse ridge
100
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
Compare the mesial occusal distal occlusal fossa
The distal occlusal fossa is larger than the mesial occlusal fossa
101
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
Responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge form the lingual cusp
Mesiolingual developmental groove
102
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the:
Mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp
103
Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view
Label the anatomical feature represented by letters A & B in the following image:
A- Triangular (occlusal) fossa
B- Mesiolingual developmental groove
C- Pit
104
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
How many roots present?
One
105
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
Describe the shape of the root:
Rounded
106
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
Describe the curvature of the root:
Curves distally
107
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
What occurs on the mesial & distal surfaces of the root?
Developmental grooves
108
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
What direction is the root grooved?
Longitudinally
109
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
Compare the mesial & distal developmental grooves on the root:
Mesial is more prominent/marked
110
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
How often is the root bifurcated?
Rarely
111
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
Label the following sections of the root:
(Left to right)
MD section, FL section, Transverse section
112
Mandibular 1st premolar: root
Describe what shape the transverse section of the root takes on:
Round/ovoid
113
Label each view of the mandibular 1st premolar
Top left- buccal
Top right- lingual
Middle- occlusal
Bottom left- mesial
Bottom right- distal
114
Mandibular 2nd premolars:
How many types of Mandibular 2nd premolars are there?
Two
115
What are the two forms of mandibular second premolars?
Three cusp type
Two cusp type
116
The three cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar develops from _____ lobes
Five
117
The two cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar developes form _____ lobes
Four
118
The two versions of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ primarily in:
Occlusal form
119
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
From this view the tooth resembles:
Mandibular 1st premolar
120
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
From this view the tooth resembles the mandibular first premolar however, the buccal cusp is:
Shorter & less pointed
121
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
Label the teeth represented in each image:
Left- mandibular 2nd premolar
Right- mandibular 1st premolar
122
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
Mesial & distal contact areas can be described as:
Broad
123
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
The mesial & distal contact areas appear higher on the crown due to:
A smaller buccal cusp
124
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
What makes the buccal cusp smaller when compared to the mandibular 1st premolar?
Middle third
125
Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view
Compared to the mandibular 1st premolar, the root of the mandibular 2nd premolar is _____ MD & the root apex is ____
Broader mesiodistally
Root apex is more blunt
126
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
How does the lingual view of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ from that of the mandibular 1st premolar?
(4)
1- lingual lobes are better developed
2- less of occlusal surface is visible
3- for the three cusp type: lingual groove
4- root wider MD
127
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
The lingual lobes are _____ compared to the mandibular 1st premolar
Better developed
128
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
Describe the view of the occlusal surface compared to the mandibular 1st premolar
Less occlusal surface is visible
129
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
With the three cups type: the two ______ cusps are separated by:
Lingual
Lingual groove
130
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
When is a lingual groove present?
When its the three-cusp type
131
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
The lingual groove of the three-cusp type separates what:
Mesiolingual & distolingual cusps
132
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
The root is wide ______ but not as wide as from the _____ aspect in comparison to the mandibular 1st premolar
Mesiodistally
Buccal
133
Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view
Label the anatomy of the mandibular second premolar from this view, what type is this?
Three cusp type
A- mesiolingual cusp
B- Lingual groove
C- distolingual cusp
134
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The crown & root are:
Wider buccolingually
135
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The buccal cusp tip is:
Not as lingually placed
136
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The buccal cusp is:
Shorter
137
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The lingual & buccal cusps are:
More equal in size
138
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
Label the type of tooth in each image:
Left- mandibular 2nd premolar
Right- mandibular 1st premolar
139
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
Mesial marginal ridge is at ______ to the long axis of the tooth
Right angles
140
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
No ______ is present from the mesial view
Mesiolingual developmental groove
141
Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view
The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:
The root is ______ & the apex is ______
Longer; more blunt
142
Mandibular 2nd premolars: distal view
Similar to the mesial view but the _____ is at a lower level, thus more of the _______ surface is visible from this view
Distal marginal ridge
Occlusal
143
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
The three-cusp type is ____ in shape
Square
144
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the three-cusp type, what cusps are present
Two lingual, one buccal
145
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
For the three-cusp type, what are the specific names of the cusps present
Buccal
Mesiolingual
Distolingual
146
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the three cusp-type, what cusp is the largest from this view? What is the middle? What is the smallest?
Buccal>mesiolingual>distolingual
147
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
Label the cusps:
1- buccal
2- mesiolingual
3- distolingual
148
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the three-cusp type, developmental grooves separate the cusps forming a ______ shape on the _____ surface
Y-shape
Occlusal surface
149
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the three-cusp type, what developmental grooves separate the cusps, and what shape do these grooves make?
Y-shape
Mesial, distal & lingual developmental grooves
150
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the three-cusp type what anatomical feature is present in the middle portion of the occlusal surface
Central pit
151
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the three-cusp type, what fossa are present?
Mesial triangular fossa
Distal triangular fossa
152
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
Label the anatomy of the three-cusp type:
A- mesial developmental groove
B- mesial triangular fos
C- lingual developmental groove
D- central pit
E- distal developmental groove
F- distal triangular fossa
153
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the two-cusp type, what shapes doe the developmental grooves make?
H or U
154
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the two-cusp type- the outline is said to be:
Rounded
155
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the two-cusp type- we see a _____ of the mesial & distal marginal ridges
Lingual convergence
156
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
Label what type of two-cusp type mandibular 2nd premolars these are:
Left- H type
Right- U type
157
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
If we note that the mandibular premolar has a Y made of developmental grooves how many cusps are present?
If we note that the mandibular premolar has a H made of developmental grooves how many cusps are present?
If we note that that the mandibular premolar has a U made of developmental grooves how many cusp types are present?
Three
Two
Two
158
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
Two-cusp type: describe the lingual cusp
Lingual cusp is well developed
159
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the two-cusp type there is a ______ developmental groove, & ______ & _____ fossae
Central developmental groove
Mesial & distal fossae
160
Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view
In the two-cusp type, what may or may not be present?
Mesial & distal pits
