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Dental Morphology > Mandibular Premolars > Flashcards

Mandibular Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

How many mandibular premolars should an individual have?

A

Four

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2
Q

Mandibular premolars are succedaneous teeth & replace the:

A

Primary molars

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3
Q

The mandibular first premolar develops from _____ lobes

A

Four

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4
Q

Describe the four lobes the mandibular first premolars develops from

A

3 facial
1 lingual

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5
Q

The mandibular second premolar develops from ______ lobes

A

Four or five

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6
Q

Describe the four or five lobes that the mandibular second premolar develops from:

A

3 facial
1-2 lingual

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7
Q

Label each view of the mandibular first premolar:

A

Top left- buccal
Top right- lingual
Middle- occlusal
Bottom left- mesial
Bottom right- distal

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8
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

What is the geometric shape

A

Trapezoidal

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9
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Describe the buccal lobe

A

Well developed with prominent buccal ridge

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10
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

The buccal cusp resembled the _______ but the cusp tip is _____

A

Mandibular canine
More rounded

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11
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Label the red highlighted region in the following image:

A

Buccal ridge

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12
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

The mesial slope of the buccal cusp is ______ than the distal slope of the buccal cusp

A

Shorter

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13
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Why is it significant that from this view the mesial cusp arm is shorter than the distal?

A

Because this is opposite of the maxillary 1st premolar

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14
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Label the mesial & distal cusp arms/slopes in the following image:

A

Left- distal
Right- mesial

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15
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Describe the mesial & distal outlines:

A

Slightly concave

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16
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Describe the mesial & distal heights of contour:

A

Middle 1/3

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17
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

The cervix is much narrower ______ than the crown width at the _____

A

Mesiodistally
Contact areas

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18
Q

1st mandibular premolar: Buccal view

Describe the cervical line:

A

Exhibits little curvature

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19
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: Buccal view

The buccal surface is ______ especially at the ______ & ______ portions of the tooth

A

Convex
Cervical & middle 1/3

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20
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: Buccal view

Compare the root of the Mandibular first premolar compared to the root of the mandibular canine:

A

Root is 3-4 mm shorter than the canine

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21
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: Buccal view

The root curves:

A

Distally

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22
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The crown & root tapers markedly toward the ____

A

Lingual

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23
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

Describe the lingual cusp:

A

The lingual cusp is small & may resemble the cingulum of a canine

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24
Q

Label what is facial & what is lingual on the provided image:

A

Top- facial
Bottom- lingual

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25
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

Occlusal surface slopes ______ in a _____ direction

This can be seen from a _____ view

A

Lignually; cervical
Lingual view

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26
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The lingual cusp can be described as:

A

Convex in all directions

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27
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The mesial & distal outlines are _____ from the ______ to the ________

A

Concave
Cervical margin; contact areas

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28
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

Prominent anatomical feature from this view:

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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29
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

Demarcates the lingual lobe from the mesiobuccal lobe:

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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30
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The mesiolingual developmental groove demarcates the ______ from the _____

A

Lingual; mesiobuccal

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31
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

Anatomical feature responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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32
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The Mesiolingual developmental groove separates the ______ from the ______

A

Mesial marginal ridge
Lingual cusp

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33
Q

Label the following anatomical features:

A

A- mesial marginal ridge
B- mesiolingual developmental groove
C- Lingual cusp

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34
Q

Label the following anatomical feature of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A- mesial marginal ridge
B- mesiolingual developmental groove
C- Lingual cusp tip

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35
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The root tapers:

A

Lingually

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36
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

From this view what aspects of the root are visible

A

Lingual
Mesial
Distal

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37
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

The root tapers to a:

A

Pointed apex

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38
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

What is located mesially on the root?

A

Developmental depressions/grooves

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39
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual view

What anatomical features can we see on the root & where

A

Mesial developmental depressions/grooves

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40
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

Geometrical shape of the outline:

A

Rhomboidal

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41
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The buccal outline is very:

A

Curved/convex

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42
Q

What view of the mandibular first premolar is shown in the following image:

A

Mesial

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43
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The buccal cusp tip is:

A

Centered over the midline of the root

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44
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The buccal height of contour is at the:

A

Junction of middle & cervical 1/3

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45
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

Compared to the buccal view, the lingual view is:

A

Less convex

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46
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

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47
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour is _____ to the _____

A

Lingual
Outline of root

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48
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour can be described as:

(In reference to root trunk)

A

Overhanging root trunk

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49
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

Label this image:

A

A- buccal contact
B- lingual contact
C- mesiolingual developmental groove

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50
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The lingual cusp tip is on a line with the:

A

Lingual border of the root

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51
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

Distance from the CEJ to the lingual cusp tip is _______ the distance from the CEJ to buccal cusp tip

A

2/3

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52
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

Distance from _____ to _____ cusp tip is 2/3 the distance from the ____ to _____ cusp tip

A

CEJ to lingual cusp tip
CEJ to buccal cusp tip

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53
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The height of A is _____ the height of B

A

2/3

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54
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

________ slopes cervically from buccal to lingual

A

Mesial marginal ridge

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55
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The mesial marginal ridge slopes ______ from _____ to _____

A

Cervically
Buccal to lingual

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56
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

______ separates the mesiobuccal lobe from the Mesiolingual lobe

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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57
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the _____ from the _____

A

Mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe

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58
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

From this view, the cerivcal line curves ______ about 1mm

A

Occlusally

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59
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

The mesial surface is ____ except for the ____

A

Smoothly convex
Mesiolingual developmental groove

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60
Q

What view is show in this image?

Label the anatomy from this view of the Mandibular first molar:

A

Mesial view

A- mesiolingual developmental groove
B- occlusal surface
C- mesial marginal ridge
D- CEJ (cervical line)

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61
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial view

From this view, the root outline is tapered to a:

A

Pointed apex

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62
Q

On the mesial side of the Mandibular first premolar root, what feature is present:

A

Deep developmental depression/groove

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63
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar

Interesting fact: the _____ marginal ridge is higher above the _____ than the _____ marginal ridge

A

Distal marginal ridge
CEJ
Mesial marginal ridge

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64
Q

In a mandibular first premolar, the distal marginal ridge is higher above the CEJ than the mesial marginal ridge, this is significant because:

A

Only tooth in which mesial marginal ridge is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge

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65
Q

Describe the differences between the distal & mesial marginal ridges in a mandibular first premolar:

A

Mesial marginal ridge is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge

66
Q

Label each view of the mandibular first premolars:

Label the anatomical features present on each view:

A

Left- mesial view
Right- distal view

A- mesial marginal ridge
B- Mesiolingual developmental groove
C- CEJ
D- distal marginal ridge
E- CEJ

67
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

The _____ is almost at right angles to the axis of the tooth

A

Distal marginal ridge

68
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

The distal marginal ridge is located where relative to the long axis of the tooth

A

Almost at a right angle

69
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

From this view, the tooth appears:

A

Smoothly convex

70
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

What may be present above the cervix, extending buccolingually

A

Concavity

71
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

A concavity may be present _____ & extends _____

A

Above the cervix
Buccolingually

72
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

Compared to the mesial contact area, the distal contact are is:

A

Broader

73
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

The distal height of contour is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

74
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

Compared to the mesial cervical curvature, the distal cervical curvature is:

A

Less

75
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

From this view, the root is more _____ than the mesial view & less _____

A

Convex; grooved

76
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: distal view

From this view, we can see _____ but no _____

A

Shallow developmental depression; deep groove

77
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

The occlusal view is geometrically _____ in ouline

A

Diamond

78
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

What two features are pronounced

A

Buccal cusp
Buccal ridge

79
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

From this view describe the lingual cusp

A

Small

80
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

From this view, the mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

A

Shorter

81
Q

From an occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar describe the differences between the mesiobuccal cusp ridge & the distobuccal cusp ridge

A

Mesiobuccal a cusp ride is shorter

82
Q

Label the anatomical features from the following view of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A- mesial cusp ridge
B- buccal ridge
C- distal cusp ridge
D- small lingual cusp

83
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

The crown is usually wider ____ than _____

A

Buccally than lingually

84
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

Mesial & distal marginal ridges are:

A

Well developed

85
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal groove

Mesial & distal marginal ridges converge ____ to a a ____

A

Lingually
Small lingual cusp

86
Q

What anatomical features can be seen from the occlusal view of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A- mesial marginal ridge
B- small lingual cusp
C- distal marginal ridge
D- mesiobuccal cusp ridge
E- buccal ridge
F- distobuccal cusp ridge

87
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

The mesial distal marginal ridges converge:

A

Lingually

88
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

Describe the mesiobuccal & distobuccal line angles:

A

Prominent yet quite rounded

89
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

What line angles are prominent yet rounded?

A

Mesiobuccal & distobuccal line angles

90
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

Describe the mesial & distal contact:

A

Centered Buccolingually

91
Q

The red lines on this image of a mandibular first premolar represent:

A

Mesiobuccal & distobuccal line angles

92
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

The buccal & lingual triangular ridges join to gather to form a a single ridge called the:

A

Transverse ridge

93
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

What ridges join together to form the transverse ridge:

A

Buccal & lingual triangular ridges

94
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

The transverse ridge is comprised of how many ridges?

A

Two ridges joining forming a single ridge

95
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

Compare the buccal & lingual triangular ridges

A

Buccal triangular ridge is larger than the lingual triangular ridge

96
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

The buccal & lingual cusps may be separated by a _______ as in the maxillary premolars

A

Central groove

97
Q

Label the following anatomy from an occlusal view of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A- mesiobuccal line angle
B- buccal triangular ridge
C- distobuccal line angle
D- lingual triangular ridge
E- distal pit
F- mesial marginal ridge
G- mesial pit
H- distal contact
I- mesial contact
J- transverse ridge

98
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

The transverse ridge separates the _______ from the _______

A

Mesial occlusal fossa
Distal occlusal fossa

99
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

What is responsible for separating the mesial occlusal & distal occlusal fossa

A

Transverse ridge

100
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

Compare the mesial occusal distal occlusal fossa

A

The distal occlusal fossa is larger than the mesial occlusal fossa

101
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

Responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge form the lingual cusp

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

102
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the:

A

Mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp

103
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: occlusal view

Label the anatomical feature represented by letters A & B in the following image:

A

A- Triangular (occlusal) fossa
B- Mesiolingual developmental groove
C- Pit

104
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

How many roots present?

A

One

105
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

Describe the shape of the root:

A

Rounded

106
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

Describe the curvature of the root:

A

Curves distally

107
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

What occurs on the mesial & distal surfaces of the root?

A

Developmental grooves

108
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

What direction is the root grooved?

A

Longitudinally

109
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

Compare the mesial & distal developmental grooves on the root:

A

Mesial is more prominent/marked

110
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

How often is the root bifurcated?

A

Rarely

111
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

Label the following sections of the root:

A

(Left to right)

MD section, FL section, Transverse section

112
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar: root

Describe what shape the transverse section of the root takes on:

A

Round/ovoid

113
Q

Label each view of the mandibular 1st premolar

A

Top left- buccal
Top right- lingual
Middle- occlusal
Bottom left- mesial
Bottom right- distal

114
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars:

How many types of Mandibular 2nd premolars are there?

A

Two

115
Q

What are the two forms of mandibular second premolars?

A

Three cusp type
Two cusp type

116
Q

The three cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar develops from _____ lobes

A

Five

117
Q

The two cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar developes form _____ lobes

A

Four

118
Q

The two versions of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ primarily in:

A

Occlusal form

119
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

From this view the tooth resembles:

A

Mandibular 1st premolar

120
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

From this view the tooth resembles the mandibular first premolar however, the buccal cusp is:

A

Shorter & less pointed

121
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

Label the teeth represented in each image:

A

Left- mandibular 2nd premolar
Right- mandibular 1st premolar

122
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

Mesial & distal contact areas can be described as:

A

Broad

123
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

The mesial & distal contact areas appear higher on the crown due to:

A

A smaller buccal cusp

124
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

What makes the buccal cusp smaller when compared to the mandibular 1st premolar?

A

Middle third

125
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: buccal view

Compared to the mandibular 1st premolar, the root of the mandibular 2nd premolar is _____ MD & the root apex is ____

A

Broader mesiodistally
Root apex is more blunt

126
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

How does the lingual view of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ from that of the mandibular 1st premolar?

(4)

A

1- lingual lobes are better developed
2- less of occlusal surface is visible
3- for the three cusp type: lingual groove
4- root wider MD

127
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

The lingual lobes are _____ compared to the mandibular 1st premolar

A

Better developed

128
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

Describe the view of the occlusal surface compared to the mandibular 1st premolar

A

Less occlusal surface is visible

129
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

With the three cups type: the two ______ cusps are separated by:

A

Lingual
Lingual groove

130
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

When is a lingual groove present?

A

When its the three-cusp type

131
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

The lingual groove of the three-cusp type separates what:

A

Mesiolingual & distolingual cusps

132
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

The root is wide ______ but not as wide as from the _____ aspect in comparison to the mandibular 1st premolar

A

Mesiodistally
Buccal

133
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: lingual view

Label the anatomy of the mandibular second premolar from this view, what type is this?

A

Three cusp type

A- mesiolingual cusp
B- Lingual groove
C- distolingual cusp

134
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The crown & root are:

A

Wider buccolingually

135
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The buccal cusp tip is:

A

Not as lingually placed

136
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The buccal cusp is:

A

Shorter

137
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The lingual & buccal cusps are:

A

More equal in size

138
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

Label the type of tooth in each image:

A

Left- mandibular 2nd premolar
Right- mandibular 1st premolar

139
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

Mesial marginal ridge is at ______ to the long axis of the tooth

A

Right angles

140
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

No ______ is present from the mesial view

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

141
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The root is ______ & the apex is ______

A

Longer; more blunt

142
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: distal view

Similar to the mesial view but the _____ is at a lower level, thus more of the _______ surface is visible from this view

A

Distal marginal ridge
Occlusal

143
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

The three-cusp type is ____ in shape

A

Square

144
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the three-cusp type, what cusps are present

A

Two lingual, one buccal

145
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

For the three-cusp type, what are the specific names of the cusps present

A

Buccal
Mesiolingual
Distolingual

146
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the three cusp-type, what cusp is the largest from this view? What is the middle? What is the smallest?

A

Buccal>mesiolingual>distolingual

147
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

Label the cusps:

A

1- buccal
2- mesiolingual
3- distolingual

148
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the three-cusp type, developmental grooves separate the cusps forming a ______ shape on the _____ surface

A

Y-shape
Occlusal surface

149
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the three-cusp type, what developmental grooves separate the cusps, and what shape do these grooves make?

A

Y-shape
Mesial, distal & lingual developmental grooves

150
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the three-cusp type what anatomical feature is present in the middle portion of the occlusal surface

A

Central pit

151
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the three-cusp type, what fossa are present?

A

Mesial triangular fossa
Distal triangular fossa

152
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

Label the anatomy of the three-cusp type:

A

A- mesial developmental groove
B- mesial triangular fos
C- lingual developmental groove
D- central pit
E- distal developmental groove
F- distal triangular fossa

153
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the two-cusp type, what shapes doe the developmental grooves make?

A

H or U

154
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the two-cusp type- the outline is said to be:

A

Rounded

155
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the two-cusp type- we see a _____ of the mesial & distal marginal ridges

A

Lingual convergence

156
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

Label what type of two-cusp type mandibular 2nd premolars these are:

A

Left- H type
Right- U type

157
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

If we note that the mandibular premolar has a Y made of developmental grooves how many cusps are present?

If we note that the mandibular premolar has a H made of developmental grooves how many cusps are present?

If we note that that the mandibular premolar has a U made of developmental grooves how many cusp types are present?

A

Three
Two
Two

158
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

Two-cusp type: describe the lingual cusp

A

Lingual cusp is well developed

159
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the two-cusp type there is a ______ developmental groove, & ______ & _____ fossae

A

Central developmental groove
Mesial & distal fossae

160
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolars: occlusal view

In the two-cusp type, what may or may not be present?

A

Mesial & distal pits

Dental Morphology (11 decks)

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