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Year 2- Head and Neck > Maxillary Facial Surgery > Flashcards

Maxillary Facial Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

List some of the causes of facial trauma.

A

Assault
Falling
Sports
Self harm
RTA
Industrial

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2
Q

Give an example of a common facial injury caused by trauma.

A

Mandibular fracture

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3
Q

What is the surgical treatment for a mandibular fracture?

A

Titanium plates hold together broken bones

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4
Q

What can be a complication of surgery for mandibular fracture?

A

Neurological injury to the inferior alveolar nerve as runs through mandible on both sides

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5
Q

In those with a skull-base fracture, which complication may be seen?

A

CSF leak

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6
Q

Why is orofacial swelling dangerous?

A

Can block airways and prevent breathing

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7
Q

What can cause orofacial swelling?

A

Often odontagenic e.g. dental infection

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8
Q

What is the treatment for orofacial sweeling?

A

Drainage of pus

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9
Q

Which type of carcinoma will the vast majority of head and neck cancers be?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What are some of the worrying signs of oral squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Areas of persisting redness
Speckled red/white lesion
Area of ulceration present for more than three weeks
New area of melanin pigmentation

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11
Q

White/red legions in the mouth can get confused with which type of infection?

A

Candida infection

->if not reacting to antifungal meds, consider carcinoma

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12
Q

List some of the members of an MDT for the management of a oral malignancy.

A

Maxillofacial surgeon/ENT surgeron
Oncologist
Restorative specialist
Specialist nurses
Speech and language therapist
Physiotherapist

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13
Q

What is the primary treatment for some oral squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

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14
Q

What type of surgery may be carried out in a patient with oral malignancy?

A

Removal and reconstruction

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15
Q

What is oral mucosa?

A

Mucous membrane which covers all structures inside of the oral cavity except for the teeth

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16
Q

What colour is oral mucosa?

A

Differs depending on skin colour but usually pink or brown

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17
Q

What provides the tongue with it’s rough texture?

A

Papillae- fungiform, foliate, circumfoliate

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18
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

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19
Q

Which nerve provides the special sense of taste to the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani nerve

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20
Q

Which nerve supplies motor innervation to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve CV XII

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21
Q

What is the junction between the anterior 2/3 of tongue and posterior 1/3 of tongue called?

A

Carcumvallte

or just vallate

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22
Q

What should a healthy palate look like?

A

Pink, moist and smooth

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23
Q

Name the ridges found towards the front of the palate.

A

Rugae

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24
Q

What would you see in a patient with aphthous stomatitis?

A

Mouth ulcers

25
Q

Leukoplakia?

A

White patch

26
Q

Erythroplakia?

A

Red patch

27
Q

Erythroleukoplakia?

A

Red and white patch

28
Q

What is the typical oral presentation for lichen planus?

A

Reticular- lace like white lines across bucular tissue of mouth

29
Q

What is the treatment for oral lichen planus if it causes irritation?

A

Topical steroids

30
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

Overgrowth of candida albicans

31
Q

What can candidiasis cause?

A

Denture stomatitis

32
Q

What is the prevention for denture stomatitis?

A

Removal of dentures at night
Soaking dentures in dilute milton or chlorhexodine

33
Q

What is the treatment for denture stomatits?

A

Antifungal meds

34
Q

Give an example of a topical antifungal which can be used in the treatment of denture stomatitis.

A

Nystatin
Amphotocerin B
Micronazole

35
Q

Give an example of a systemic antifungal which can be used in the treatment of denture stomatitis.

A

Fluconazole

36
Q

What is oral thrush?

A

Acute fungal infection

37
Q

What would be seen in oral thrush?

A

White patches than can be wiped off to reveal white inflammed areas

38
Q

Who is more likely to develop chronic hyperplastic candidiasis of the mouth.

A

Those who smoke

39
Q

What is the treatment for chronic hyperplastic candidiasis?

A

Stop smoking
Anti-fungals

40
Q

What is angular chellitis?

A

Red corners of mouth

41
Q

In which nutritional deficiencies may angular chellitis be seen?

A

Vitamin B12
Iron

42
Q

List some factors which can contribute to apthous ulcers.

A

Stress
Trauma to oral mucosa
Menstruation
Hereditary
Haematinic deficiencies

43
Q

Where would you find minor apthous ulcers?

A

Non-keratonsing areas e.g. cheek, floor of mouth

44
Q

Where would you find major apthous ulcers?

A

Posterior part of mouth

45
Q

Which type of apthous ulcer may leave scarring?

A

Major apthous ulcers

46
Q

How long will it take minor apthous ulcers to heal?

A

Less than two weeks

47
Q

What are the treatments for apthous ulcers?

A

Antiseptic mouthwash
Steroids

48
Q

What is the issue with apthous ulcers?

A

They are reoccurrent

49
Q

Xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth

50
Q

What causes xerostomia?

A

Reduced flow of saliva

51
Q

What can xerostomia be a side effect of?

A

Chemotherapy to head and neck

52
Q

What can severe xerostomia cause to happen?

A

Tooth decay

53
Q

What is the management of xerstomia?

A

Saliva replacements

54
Q

What can those with xerstomia be more susceptible to?

A

Oral candida infection

55
Q

What is herpes labialis more commonly known as?

A

Cold soreW

56
Q

What causes cold sores?

A

Reactivation of Herpes Simplex virus from trigeminal ganglion

57
Q

What are the clinical features of herpes labialis?

A

Vesicular, crusting or ulcerated lesion typically around the lip.
Often preceded by prickling sensation

58
Q

When may those with cold sores get them again?

A

Stress
Sunlight

59
Q
A

Year 2- Head and Neck (13 decks)

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